Download or read book Optimization of Aircraft Arrival Operations for Improved Environmental Efficiency written by Henrik Hardell and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2024-04-16 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transportation sector, accounting for about one fifth of all greenhouse gas emissions, is facing a significant transformation in order to become more climate-friendly. In terms of air transportation, there are several important steps on the way to making flying sustainable both for the planet itself and for people directly or indirectly being exposed to its effects. In the state of the current air traffic operations, where environmentally friendly propulsion systems and fuels are not yet implemented on a large scale, enhancing the efficiency in the airspace can help to bring us closer to the environmental goals of aviation. Such solutions may include improved synchronization of arriving flights in the Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA), in which congestion is a problem for many airports. In this thesis, we first explore and develop methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of the operations in TMA. More specifically, the goal of the assessments is to quantify the additional fuel consumption, gaseous emissions and noise that comes from horizontally and vertically inefficient arrival operations in TMA. We perform our assessments on a couple of European airports, including Stockholm-Arlanda. Secondly, we propose a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP)-based optimization model which provides for conflict-free arrival operations, where aircraft fly fuel-efficient Continuous Descent Operations (CDOs), applied to Point Merge (PM) arrival procedures, with the primary purpose to serve as a route assigner. We base our optimization on real scenarios, from actual transmitted flight data, and model realistic descent profiles considering the operational capabilities of the specific aircraft type. Additionally, the optimization model ensures the required spacing between aircraft taking off and landing in case the runway is used in a mixed mode. We evaluate our solutions by assessing numerous performance metrics, including environmental efficiency, and compare to the actual trajectories of the real operations. On two European airports implementing PM procedures, we demonstrate that our optimization model provides improved vertical performance as well as reduced time and distance flown in TMA, contributing to reduced levels of noise and fuel savings, accompanied by decreased emissions.

Download or read book Optimization of Aircraft Arrival Operations for Improved Environmental Efficiency written by Henrik Hardell and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Optimization of Aircraft Departures written by Brian Y. Kim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At head of title: Airport Cooperative Research Program.

Download or read book Draft Environmental Assessment for Northern California Optimization of Airspace and Procedures in the Metroplex written by United States. Federal Aviation Administration and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guidebook of Practices for Improving Environmental Performance at Small Airports written by Robert W. McGormley and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration."

Download or read book Service Improvement and Cost Reduction for Airlines written by Heng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual U.S. air travel demand has been growing steadily by 4-5% over the last decade, and it is estimated that the demand will nearly double in the next twenty years. It has also been estimated by the International Civil Aviation Organization that global demand for commercial aircraft will increase at an average annual rate of 4.1% by 2034 (IATA, 2014). However, airport expansions and aviation infrastructure upgrades have not kept pace with the increase in air traffic demand, as only 3% of all the new airport projects around the world are planned in the U.S. (CAPA, 2015). Thus, the operation rates at existing airports are likely to increase significantly, implying a greater need to increase the utilization of currently available runway capacity. With steadily increasing demand in air traffic and limited airport capacity, delay in air traffic is ubiquitous. Approximately 25% of flights experience delays of at least 15 minutes each year, resulting in significant passenger service issues and costs to airlines and society in general. Delays constitute the top service complaint for airlines, which has implications for the society as a whole - both economically and environmentally. Flight delays also increase airline costs directly, due to associated additional fuel, crew and maintenance costs. Recent studies show that the estimated cost of air transportation delay to the American economy ranges from $32.9 billion to $41 billion a year, of which, $8 billion are direct costs to airlines (Ball et al., 2010; Ferguson et al., 2013). Noting that more than 60% of delay is due to airport operations (Balakrishna et al., 2010), this thesis aims at helping reduce delay through better management of arrival and departure operations at airports, which can create relevant and significant value for the airlines and for the society. Arrival and departure operations inherently involve significant uncertainty. When an aircraft is approaching the runway, many factors affect its trajectory, such as weather, wind conditions, pilot behavior, aircraft weight, as well as the differences in types of aircraft and flight management systems. When an aircraft arrives at the gate, operating conditions, such as unplanned security checks, varied durations of deplaning and boarding, as well as the maintenance and fueling involved, could contribute to variations of actual departure time for the next flight. All of these stochastic factors involve uncertainty and they need to be taken into account while making operational decisions. On the other hand, stochastic treatment of such operational problems has not been common in the literature due to difficulties associated with the characterization of uncertainty and the computational tractability. I argue in this thesis that, with recent advances in computing power and data analysis tools, such stochastic treatments are more amenable for practical use. To this end, I study four novel operational problems related to flight arrivals and departures at airports under the uncertainty of operating conditions, and demonstrate the potential value that can be generated through stochastic models within the context of airline and airport operations. The problems I study involve both strategic and tactical decisions for airline service improvement and cost reduction. The first two problems consider managing arrival operations at airports, while the last two problems focus on departure operations. In the first and second problems, I focus on arrival operations in the context of optimized profile descent (OPD), which is a novel arrival procedure for the Next Generation Air Transportation System. In the first problem, I identify policies for managing arrival operations at the tactical level by developing a stochastic dynamic programming framework to manage the sequencing and separation of flights. I find that simple calculation based measures can be used as optimal decision rules during such operations, and that the expected annual savings can be around $29 million if such implementations are adapted by major airports in the U.S. Of these savings, $24 million are direct savings for airlines due to reduced fuel usage, corresponding to a potential savings of 10-15% in fuel consumption over current practice. I also find that optimal spacing of OPD flights is much more important than optimal sequencing of these flights. Furthermore, there is not much difference between the environmental costs of fuel-optimal and sustainably-optimal spacing policies. Hence, an airline-centric approach in improving OPD operations is likely to be not in conflict with objectives that might be prioritized by other stakeholders. In the second problem, I study the optimal design of arrival traffic management systems at airports at the strategic level. I claim that implementation of OPD operations requires effective metering configurations at airports due to the increased role of uncertainty in aircraft trajectories during descent. I develop stochastic models to further increase the value of OPD operations over conventional arrival procedures by optimizing metering point configurations, which include identification of the optimal number and locations of metering points to use. I provide numerical results based on actual traffic information at major U.S. airports, which indicate that the total potential savings in the top ten major airports could be up to $22 million per year if the proposed policies are implemented. I also find that the optimal metering configurations are mostly robust under different operating conditions. In addition, my results suggest that early spacing adjustments near the top of descent (TOD) are of more value for larger volumes of air traffic. In the third and fourth problems, I study optimal departure operations at airports under the context of departure metering, which is an airport surface management procedure that limits the number of aircraft on the runway by holding aircraft at a predesigned metering area. More specifically, in the third problem, I develop a stochastic dynamic programming framework for tactical management of pushback operations at gates and for determining the optimal number of aircraft to be directed to the runway from the metering areas. I introduce four easy-to-implement practical departure metering policies and implement a comparative analysis between these practical policies and the optimal numerical solutions. I also implement sensitivity analysis of the departure metering policies over state variable values. In the fourth problem, I study the optimal metering area capacity at the strategic level. Building on the dynamic programming framework mentioned in the third problem, I identify the optimal metering area capacity using marginal analysis to minimize expected overall costs. Numerical simulations are implemented and potential savings are identified for sample U.S. airports based on varying capacity levels. The optimal metering area capacity is then determined based on the numerical implementations to further improve overall efficiency and sustainability of departure operations. I also analyze the benefits to airlines in terms of annual savings due to such policies, and find that the annual savings could be $31 million if the optimal departure metering policies are implemented at the top ten major airports in the U.S. Overall, as one of the few studies on stochasticity in arrival and departure operations, I derive both tactical and strategic policies to improve efficiency and sustainability for airlines and the society, which can enhance service quality and strengthen market position for the airlines involved.

Download or read book Energy Efficiency in Air Transportation written by Arturo Benito and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-06-23 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Efficiency in Air Transportation explores the relationship between air transportation and energy use, starting with an analysis of air transport energy sources and their potential development. The book examines how different elements of the air transport system make use of energy, with an analysis of various methods for optimizing energy consumption. The book covers the consequences of energy use in terms of economics, environmental impact and sustainable development, with a review of the existing and proposed regulatory measures addressing those factors. Aeronautical and air transport engineers interested in aerial vehicle systems design, as well as public administrators and regulators concerned with energy efficiency or environmental issues in air transport, will benefit greatly from this comprehensive reference, which captures necessary background information along with the newest developments in the field. - Examines new developments in energy efficiency in the air transport field - Includes exergy analyses of aerial vehicles and systems - Shows the environmental impact from fuel use including local air quality, consumption of non-renewable materials and contribution to climate change - Discusses the CO2 emissions certification required by ICAO for new aircraft models

Download or read book Securing the Future of U S Air Transportation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As recently as the summer of 2001, many travelers were dreading air transportation because of extensive delays associated with undercapacity of the system. That all changed on 9/11, and demand for air transportation has not yet returned to peak levels. Most U.S. airlines continue to struggle for survival, and some have filed for bankruptcy. The situation makes it difficult to argue that strong action is urgently needed to avert a crisis of undercapacity in the air transportation system. This report assesses the visions and goals for U.S. civil aviation and technology goals for the year 2050.

Download or read book Aircraft Optimization for Minimum Environmental Impact written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to investigate the tradeoff between operating cost and environmental acceptability of commercial aircraft. This involves optimizing the aircraft design and mission to minimize operating cost while constraining exterior noise and emissions. Growth in air traffic and airport neighboring communities has resulted in increased pressure to severely penalize airlines that do not meet strict local noise and emissions requirements. As a result, environmental concerns have become potent driving forces in commercial aviation. Traditionally, aircraft have been first designed to meet performance and cost goals, and adjusted to satisfy the environmental requirements at given airports. The focus of the present study is to determine the feasibility of including noise and emissions constraints in the early design of the aircraft and mission. This paper introduces the design tool and results from a case study involving a 250-passenger airliner. Antoine, Nicolas and Kroo, Ilan M. Langley Research Center

Download or read book For Greener Skies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-24 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each new generation of commercial aircraft produces less noise and fewer emissions per passenger-kilometer (or ton-kilometer of cargo) than the previous generation. However, the demand for air transportation services grows so quickly that total aircraft noise and emissions continue to increase. Meanwhile, federal, state, and local noise and air quality standards in the United States and overseas have become more stringent. It is becoming more difficult to reconcile public demand for inexpensive, easily accessible air transportation services with concurrent desires to reduce noise, improve local air quality, and protect the global environment against climate change and depletion of stratospheric ozone. This situation calls for federal leadership and strong action from industry and government. U.S. government, industry, and universities conduct research and develop technology that could help reduce aircraft noise and emissions-but only if the results are used to improve operational systems or standards. For example, the (now terminated) Advanced Subsonic Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) generally brought new technology only to the point where a system, subsystem model, or prototype was demonstrated or could be validated in a relevant environment. Completing the maturation process-by fielding affordable, proven, commercially available systems for installation on new or modified aircraft-was left to industry and generally took place only if industry had an economic or regulatory incentive to make the necessary investment. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to recommend research strategies and approaches that would further efforts to mitigate the environmental effects (i.e., noise and emissions) of aviation. The statement of task required the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility to assess whether existing research policies and programs are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to growth of the aviation sector.

Download or read book Air Traffic Management and Systems II written by Electronic Navigation Research Institute and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 4th ENRI International Workshop on ATM/CNS (EIWAC2015). The work focuses on novel techniques for aviation infrastructure in air traffic management (ATM) and communications, navigation, surveillance, and informatics (CNSI) domains. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers, engineers in the industry, and regulators of aviation authorities. As well, readers will encounter new ideas for realizing a more efficient and safer aviation system.

Download or read book The Federal Aviation Administration s R D Budget Priorities for Fiscal Year 2008 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Air Traffic Engineering written by Anna Kwasiborska and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-27 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a timely snapshot of research and developments in the area of air traffic engineering and management. It covers mathematical, modeling, reliability and optimization methods applied for improving different stages of flight operations, including both aerodrome and terminal airspace operations. It analyses and highlights important legal and safety aspects, and discusses timely issues such as those concerned with Brexit and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Gathering selected papers presented at the 6th edition of the International Scientific Conference on Air Traffic Engineering, ATE 2020, held in October 2020 in Warsaw, Poland, this book offers a timely and inspiring source of information for both researchers and professionals in the field of air traffic engineering and management.

Download or read book The use of airspace written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Transport Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2009-07-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government's Future of Air Transport strategy aims to significantly increase UK airport capacity over the next two decades to accommodate the predicted growth in demand for air travel. New runways at Heathrow and Stansted airports are two of the key airport development proposals. If all the White Paper-supported airport development proposals came to fruition, current Government forecasts predict that the number of passengers passing through UK airports will increase from 241 million passengers a year in 2007 to 455 million passengers a year in 2030. This UK growth matches air traffic predictions for the whole continent. Eurocontrol, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation, predicts that European air traffic will double by 2020. If rising demand for air travel is to be met effectively through additional airport capacity, a corresponding increase in airspace capacity must be realised. However, a country's airspace, the portion of atmosphere above its territory and territorial waters, controlled by that country is a finite resource. UK airspace, particularly in the South East of England, is already some of the busiest and most complex to manage in the world. This will almost certainly require improvements in the efficiency of the UK air traffic management system.The Committee's inquiry aims to look at how to meet these challenges. Its findings are aimed at those organisations responsible for airspace-related decisions in the UK: the CAA, NATS, and the Department for Transport. Passenger numbers and freight demand globally have declined in 2008 and in the first months of 2009. In its conclusions and recommendations the Committee covered the management of airspace, strategy, change and co-ordination in airspace management, environmental impacts of airspace changes and European developments.

Download or read book Green Aviation written by Ramesh Agarwal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Aviation is the first authoritative overview of both engineering and operational measures to mitigate the environmental impact of aviation. It addresses the current status of measures to reduce the environmental impact of air travel. The chapters cover such items as: Engineering and technology-related subjects (aerodynamics, engines, fuels, structures, etc.), Operations (air traffic management and infrastructure) Policy and regulatory aspects regarding atmospheric and noise pollution. With contributions from leading experts, this volume is intended to be a valuable addition, and useful resource, for aerospace manufacturers and suppliers, governmental and industrial aerospace research establishments, airline and aviation industries, university engineering and science departments, and industry analysts, consultants, and researchers.

Download or read book Hearing on National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 and Oversight of Previously Authorized Programs Before the Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives One Hundred Twelfth Congress Second Session written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Tactical Air and Land Forces Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research and Technology Objectives and Plans Summary written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A compilation of the summary portions of each of the RTOPs used for management review and control of research currently in progress throughout NASA"--P. i.