Download or read book Optimization of a Tool to Study the Start up of the Gas Phase Olefin Polymerization written by Estevan Tioni and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early stages (from less than 1s to few minutes) of catalytic olefin polymerization are still fairly understood even if they are nowadays recognized to be crucial for the determination of the morphology of the polymer particle, the optimization of the whole catalyst performance and the thermal stability of the process. In this work we will present how we studied and optimized a specially conceived packed bed reactor to perform gas phase catalytic olefin polymerizations as short as 0.1s under industrially relevant conditions. The possibility to measure the reactor temperature and to recover unaltered the polymer particles allows to take a complete picture of the catalyst behavior at the reaction start-up. The study will be restrained to ethylene polymerization with silica supported metallocenes and special attention will be given to the relation between heat transfer from the growing particle and catalyst performance. It will be seen how particle temperature evolution can be followed indirectly by measuring the gas phase temperature .In the second part of this work different metallocene complexes will be used to study the influence of process conditions, catalyst preparation method and support properties on the evolution of reaction rate, and polymer MWD during the first reaction seconds. Special attention will be given to the active site evolution during the transient phase and it will be shown that temperature excursions can be responsible for a local variation in active site behavior thus altering the properties of the formed polymer. The last section will be dedicated to the study of the peculiar crystallization behavior of the polymer chains in an evolving inorganic support. It will be shown how the melting and crystallization temperatures of the polymers can be used as “sensors” to measure the degree of fragmentation of the support particle. The results obtained in this work allow to gain a deeper understanding of the key parameters for the polymerization start-up and can be used as input for single particle models thus allowing to reduce the gap actually present between real catalyst behavior and model predictions.
Download or read book An Advanced Stopped flow Reactor for the Study of Olefin Polymerization written by Yashmin Rafante Blazzio and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the undeniable relevance of polyolefin production, it is of great interest to understand the keyphenomena determining the quality of the polymerization process. lndustrial scale polymerization reactions could be metaphorically compared to the launching of a space rocket, in which the success of the entire process is highly dependent on the mastery of the initial moments. This so-called 'nascent phase' of the polymerization (10-1 to 102 s) is crucial in ensuring a satisfactory operation and properties of the final polymer. lt is then that the catalyst activation takes place, the particle morphology is defined and the system is in its highest potential for mass transfer and heat transfer limitations.Studying such short time-frames is challenging for a number of reasons (that we will see throughout this work) and requires specially adapted tools. Previous works from our research group have shown how the stopped-flow technique is a promising method to study aspects related to heat transfer and morphology evolution at early stages in gas-phase. lt is mainly for this reason that the focus of the current project was on the improvement of such tools. The novel reactor developed in this work was especially designed to tackle some of the limitations encountered with the previous versions, mainly aspects related to poor heat evacuation, lack of robustness and imprecision in experimental measurements.The first part of this PhD describes all steps taken until successful optimization of the hardware component of the novel stopped-flow reactor. The new set-up was a product of our innovative approach towards the reactor geometry (annular) and the tailored execution from a specialized engineering firm. Several improvements were achieved, such as the optimization of the reactor dimensions, the automated control of all functions and a wider range of operation conditions. Moreover, the capacity was highly improved by the possibility of injecting several gases simultaneously, as well as components that are liquid at room temperature. The new tool allows to perform polymerization reactions as short as 3s in gas phase, in reaction conditions that are representative of heat and mass transfer phenomena present in industrial scales.ln the second part of this work, we have developed a software component for the novel reactor, which consisted of a reactor model and state-observer. This tool was developed to estimate the dynamic polymerization rates from the temperature measurements and overcome the one-point character of such experiments (which provide no real information on the catalyst kinetics). For this purpose, a simplified one-dimensional model at the macromolecular level was developed and validated with experimental data.At last, with hardware and software components at hand, we have demonstrated the usefulness of the new tool in specific case studies with different silica supported metallocene catalysts. ln the first case study, we evaluated the impact of the pore structure of the support on the catalyst kinetics, polymer properties and particle morphology at short reaction times. On the second case study, we investigated the effect of various experimental conditions (reaction time, comonomer and hydrogen content) on the behavior of two different catalyst families. From both studies, the estimated reaction rates at early stages (
Download or read book Heterogeneous Catalyzed Gas Phase Polymerization of Olefins written by Gang Chris Han-Adebekun and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies in Olefin Gas Phase Polymerization Using Supported Ziegler natta Catalysts written by Ali Sharif Paghaleh and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid and Gas Phase Polymerization of Propylene with a Highly Active Ziegler natta Catalyst written by Job Jan Christiaan Samson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Process Modeling Advanced Control and Data Analytics for Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing written by Y. A. Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-07-25 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Process Modeling, Advanced Control and Data Analytics for Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing Detailed resource on the “Why,” “What,” and “How” of integrated process modeling, advanced control and data analytics explained via hands-on examples and workshops for optimizing polyolefin manufacturing. Integrated Process Modeling, Advanced Control and Data Analytics for Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing discusses, as well as demonstrates, the optimization of polyolefin production by covering topics from polymer process modeling and advanced process control to data analytics and machine learning, and sustainable design and industrial practice. The text also covers practical problems, handling of real data streams, developing the right level of detail, and tuning models to the available data, among other topics, to allow for easy translation of concepts into practice. Written by two highly qualified authors, Integrated Process Modeling, Advanced Control and Data Analytics for Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing includes information on: Segment-based modeling of polymer processes; selection of thermodynamic methods; estimation of physical properties for polymer process modeling Reactor modeling, convergence tips and data-fit tool; free radical polymerization (LDPE, EVA and PS), Ziegler-Natta polymerization (HDPE, PP, LLPDE, and EPDM) and ionic polymerization (SBS rubber) Improved polymer process operability and control through steady-state and dynamic simulation models Model-predictive control of polyolefin processes and applications of multivariate statistics and machine learning to optimizing polyolefin manufacturing Integrated Process Modeling, Advanced Control and Data Analytics for Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing enables readers to make full use of advanced computer models and latest data analytics and machine learning tools for optimizing polyolefin manufacturing, making it an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and new and experienced engineers involved in the polyolefin industry.
Download or read book Gas Fluidization written by M. Pell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a much-needed fluidization handbook for practising engineers. There are few plants which do not have a fluid bed process operating somewhere on the site, yet engineers rarely have any formal training in the subject. College courses often emphasize academic issues rather than industrial needs, and a study of the literature reveals an overwhelming abundance of correlations and experimental data.As this is a practical book, the author has minimized theoretical development of fundamental equations in favor of giving correlations which have been developed for large scale equipment. In some cases, where several correlations might apply, the author has chosen one or two which work best according to his own experience. Design procedures are described which should assist the designer and the operator of fluid beds to improve his process and to avoid some often-encountered pitfalls. The material will also be useful as a supplementary text to a course on fluidization, the emphasis on commercial design being a stimulating counterpoint to a strongly academic viewpoint.
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards Additional worked examples and homework problems The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors
Download or read book Oil and Gas Production Handbook An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production written by Havard Devold and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene written by Dennis B. Malpass and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory text is an important resource for new engineers, chemists, students, and chemical industry personnel to understand the technical aspects of polypropylene which is the 2nd largest synthetics polymer in manufactured output. The book considers the following topics: What are the principal types of polypropylene and how do they differ? What catalysts are used to produce polypropylene and how do they function? What is the role of cocatalysts and how have they evolved over the years? How are industrial polypropylene catalysts tested and the resultant polymer evaluated? What processes are used in the manufacture of polypropylene? What are the biopolymer alternatives to polypropylene? What companies are the major industrial manufacturers of polypropylene? What is the environmental fate of polypropylene?
Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.
Download or read book Diameter Transformed Fluidized Bed written by Youhao Xu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.
Download or read book Process Intensification written by David Reay and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process Intensification: Engineering for Efficiency, Sustainability and Flexibility is the first book to provide a practical working guide to understanding process intensification (PI) and developing successful PI solutions and applications in chemical process, civil, environmental, energy, pharmaceutical, biological, and biochemical systems. Process intensification is a chemical and process design approach that leads to substantially smaller, cleaner, safer, and more energy efficient process technology. It improves process flexibility, product quality, speed to market and inherent safety, with a reduced environmental footprint. This book represents a valuable resource for engineers working with leading-edge process technologies, and those involved research and development of chemical, process, environmental, pharmaceutical, and bioscience systems. No other reference covers both the technology and application of PI, addressing fundamentals, industry applications, and including a development and implementation guide Covers hot and high growth topics, including emission prevention, sustainable design, and pinch analysis World-class authors: Colin Ramshaw pioneered PI at ICI and is widely credited as the father of the technology
Download or read book Fluidized Bed Reactors Processes and Operating Conditions written by John G. Yates and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluidized-bed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different industrial processes, emphasizing the rationale for choosing fluidized beds for each particular process. The book starts with a brief history of fluidization from its inception in the 1940’s. The authors present both the fluid dynamics of gas-solid fluidized beds and the extensive experimental studies of operating systems and they set them in the context of operating processes that use fluid-bed reactors. Chemical engineering students and postdocs as well as practicing engineers will find great interest in this book.
Download or read book Journal written by American Chemical Society and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polypropylene Handbook written by József Karger-Kocsis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extensively reviews Polypropylene (PP), the second most widely produced thermoplastic material, having been produced for over 60 years. Its synthesis, processing and application are still accompanied by vigorous R&D developments because the properties of PP are at the borderline between those of commodity and engineering thermoplastics. Readers are introduced to various tacticities and polymorphs of PP, and their effects on structural properties. Further, the book addresses the control of optical properties using nucleants, provides strategies for overcoming the limited cold/impact resistance of PP, examines in detail the effects of recycling, and presents guidelines for the property modification of PPs through foaming, filling and reinforcing with respect to target applications. Special attention is paid to descriptions and models of properties as a function of morphological variables. Last but not least, the book suggests potential practical applications of PP-based systems, especially in the packaging, appliances, building/construction, textile and automotive sectors. Each chapter, written by internationally respected scientists, reflects the current state-of-art in the respective field and offers a vital source of information for students, researchers and engineers interested in the morphology, properties, testing and modeling of PP and PP-based systems. The content is indispensable to the appropriate application of PPs and related composites.
Download or read book The Changing Landscape of Hydrocarbon Feedstocks for Chemical Production written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decade ago, the U.S. chemical industry was in decline. Of the more than 40 chemical manufacturing plants being built worldwide in the mid-2000s with more than $1 billion in capitalization, none were under construction in the United States. Today, as a result of abundant domestic supplies of affordable natural gas and natural gas liquids resulting from the dramatic rise in shale gas production, the U.S. chemical industry has gone from the world's highest-cost producer in 2005 to among the lowest-cost producers today. The low cost and increased supply of natural gas and natural gas liquids provides an opportunity to discover and develop new catalysts and processes to enable the direct conversion of natural gas and natural gas liquids into value-added chemicals with a lower carbon footprint. The economic implications of developing advanced technologies to utilize and process natural gas and natural gas liquids for chemical production could be significant, as commodity, intermediate, and fine chemicals represent a higher-economic-value use of shale gas compared with its use as a fuel. To better understand the opportunities for catalysis research in an era of shifting feedstocks for chemical production and to identify the gaps in the current research portfolio, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted an interactive, multidisciplinary workshop in March 2016. The goal of this workshop was to identify advances in catalysis that can enable the United States to fully realize the potential of the shale gas revolution for the U.S. chemical industry and, as a result, to help target the efforts of U.S. researchers and funding agencies on those areas of science and technology development that are most critical to achieving these advances. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
