Download or read book Optimization of a Search for Ultra high Energy Neutrinos in Four Years of Data of ARA Station 2 written by Brian A. Clark and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking forward, as ARA further accumulates livetime, and our analysis efficiency improves, we anticipate being able to set world-leading limits above approximately 10 EeV by 2022. With next generation neutrino telescopes coming online---e.g., RNO, IceCube-Gen2, PUEO, etc.---along with other observatories like aLIGO, LSST, and HAWC, we anticipate an exciting next decade for the field of multimessenger astronomy.

Download or read book Neutrino Astrophysics with the Askaryan Radio Array written by Jorge A. Torres and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos of the highest energies ($>10^{17}$ eV), named ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos, provide a window to study the distant, most energetic universe. Other particle messengers, such as cosmic rays and high-energy ($>10^{15} eV$) gamma rays are deflected by magnetic fields or attenuated upon interaction with other particles as they travel, so they never reach the Earth. On the other hand, due to their small cross sections, an neutral charge, UHE neutrinos can eventually reach the Earth and be detected. However, having such a small cross section and very low flux requires immense detectors. One of these detectors is the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment, which is also the focus of this thesis, particularly on analysis. We first present a diffuse analysis for four years of data of ARA stations 2 and 3, which utilized more than 4 times the livetime of the previous ARA analysis, resulting in the best UHE flux limit set by ARA to date, and the best limit among in-ice radio experiments above $10^8$ GeV. We next report on assessing the signal polarization reconstruction capabilities of ARA with both simulation and data, and we show the impact that this can have in constraining the neutrino direction, which will be of the utmost importance for the rapidly developing field of multi-messenger astronomy. This work will inform the design and construction of the next-generation of in-ice Askaryan experiments such as RNO-G and IceCube-Gen2. Finally, we present the optimization of a source search of four years of data of ARA station 2 (A2), configuration 1. This lays the groundwork for extending this analysis to all the configurations and, ultimately, ARA station 3 (A3). This study pioneers ARA's efforts to study neutrinos from a point-source, and preliminary shows that the final efficiency is significantly larger than that obtained for our previous diffuse analysis. As ARA collects more data and improves its analysis efficiency, it is projected to have a leading limits on the diffuse flux of UHE neutrinos by the end of 2022. Also, the prospects of having an increased analysis for point-source analyses is good news for multi-messenger astronomy, as we optimistically envision joint searches with other observatories such as IceCube, HAWC, MAGIC, LAT, etc.

Download or read book Searching for Ultra high Energy Neutrinos with Data from a Prototype Station of the Askaryan Radio Array written by Eugene S. Hong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observed GZK cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum has led to a strongly motivated expectation of an ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino flux arising from the interactions between the highest energy cosmic rays and cosmic microwave background photons. Aside from these diffuse neutrinos, UHE neutrinos are also expected to be produced in the same astrophysics sources producing the UHE cosmic rays such as Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) and AGNs. Here, we discuss two UHE neutrino searches using data from the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) prototype Testbed station: one search for a diffuse neutrino flux and another for neutrinos from GRBs. Testbed data from 2011 to 2012 are used for the searches in the thesis. We discuss how we define the analysis cuts, optimize the analysis cut parameters for maximum sensitivity to UHE neutrinos, estimate the number of background and neutrino events, and set neutrino flux constraints in the UHE region (>10^17eV). We use an optimistic flux model from Kotera et. al. 2010 as our baseline model and optimize our analysis cuts for this model. The GRB neutrino search follows the same analysis technique as the diffuse neutrino flux search with some modifications. A timing constraint for each GRB reduces the estimated background dramatically and therefore we can loosen some of our analysis cuts for the GRB neutrino search. We also present detailed descriptions about tools that are used for the searches such as AraSim, a Monte-Carlo simulation that we developed, and RaySolver, a code to carry out ray tracing in ice with a depth-dependent index of refraction model. We present constraints on the neutrino flux from the ARA Testbed for diffuse neutrinos and GRB neutrinos separately. These neutrino flux constraints and analysis techniques from the Testbed will provide a benchmark for the future deep ARA stations' analyses which are expected to improve neutrino flux constraints by a factor of three or more due to differences in the design of the stations.

Download or read book A Search for Ultra High Energy Neutrinos and Cosmic Rays with ANITA 2 written by Matthew Joseph Mottram and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The winner of UCL's annual HEP thesis prize, this work describes an analysis of the data from the second flight of the Antarctica Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA). ANITA is a balloon-borne experiment that searches for radio signals originating from ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays interacting with the Antarctic ice or air. The search for ultrahigh energy neutrinos of astrophysical origin is one of the outstanding experimental challenges of the 21st century. The ANITA experiment was designed to be the most sensitive instrument to ultra-high energy neutrinos that originate from the interactions of cosmic rays with the cosmic microwave background. The methodology and results of the neutrino and cosmic ray searches are presented in the thesis.

Download or read book Search for Ultra high Energy Neutrinos with the Askaryan Radio Array written by Ming-Yuan Lu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos act as unique messengers that bear exclusive information to help us understand the ultra-high energy universe of cosmic rays. The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is a neutrino telescope array under phased deployment near the South Pole aiming to discover and determine the ultra-high energy neutrino flux via detection of the Askaryan signal from neutrino-induced charged-particle showers in the Antarctic ice. This novel detection channel makes ARA the most cost-effective neutrino observatory in probing the neutrino flux from 100 PeV to 10 EeV. This thesis focuses on the data analysis of two ARA stations from 2013 to 2016 with a goal of searching for a diffuse neutrino flux. Event selection criteria reject low-quality data and thermal background. An interferometric technique taking into account the curved paths traveled by electromagnetic radiation in inhomogeneous ice is used for event reconstruction and signal-background differentiation. No neutrino candidate is observed in the end. As a result, the analysis places a 90 percent CL upper limit on the diffuse neutrino flux, which represents the best-reported limit from radio neutrino detectors at the energy of 1 EeV. The prospects of future analyses utilizing four times the presented data, as well as the design implication for upcoming radio neutrino detectors, are discussed towards the end.

Download or read book High Energy Neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts Theoretical Predictions Experimental Searches and Prospects for Detection written by Oindree Banerjee and published by Oindree Banerjee. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous transient events in the observed Universe. However, there is no direct observational evidence for what exactly drives a GRB. The most widely accepted model for these cosmic events is the fireball model where it is thought that a substantial fraction of the kinetic energy of the source is converted to gamma-radiation by shock accelerated electrons emitting synchrotron and inverse-Compton radiation. The acceleration of protons in the gamma-ray emitting region of the GRB has been hypothesized as well. In this hadronic acceleration model, it is predicted that protons may interact with gamma-ray photons to produce a burst of neutrinos at energy ∼10^14 eV during prompt emission and energy ∼10^18 eV during afterglow emission. Several experimental searches for these high energy neutrinos have been conducted and no GRB neutrinos have yet been found. The analytical prediction for neutrino flux has been replaced with a more thorough numerical prediction for neutrino flux. The neutron model of GRBs, where only neutrons can escape the GRB and reach Earth as cosmic rays, has been ruled out by the experimental work of IceCube and ANTARES. Upgraded versions of current experiments such as IceCube, ANTARES, ANITA and ARA, as well as new experiments such as KM3NeT, are preparing to probe and further constrain the fireball paradigm of GRB neutrino production. This review includes: Introduction Early theoretical predictions for neutrino fluences due to GRBs Overview of high energy neutrino experiments and related physics Experimental searches for high energy neutrinos from GRBs Prospects for detection of high energy neutrinos from GRBs High Energy Neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts: Theoretical Predictions, Experimental Searches, and Prospects for Detection was originally written as a review submitted for my Ph.D. candidacy paper on Nov 23, 2015. It has been edited for a "Short Read" on Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing in Oct 2020. It is a public domain work. Special thanks to the Connolly group at Ohio State University (OSU) and the physics and astronomy departments at OSU. Moreover, I am grateful for the contribution of each and every scientist and author listed in the "References" section of this review. This review would not be possible without their published science and hard work. Please let me know if you find any mistakes or problems, I will fix it. My email is [email protected]. I am happy for this to be a living document. I am anxious to improve it but feel that it needs to be out at this point before that can happen.

Download or read book A Search for Ultra High Energy Neutrinos and Cosmic Rays with Anita 2 written by Springer and published by . This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Search for Ultra High Energy Neutrinos with AMANDA II written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A search for diffuse neutrinos with energies in excess of 105 GeV is conducted with AMANDA-II data recorded between 2000 and 2002. Above 107 GeV, the Earth is essentially opaque to neutrinos. This fact, combined with the limited overburden of the AMANDA-II detector (roughly 1.5 km), concentrates these ultra high-energy neutrinos at the horizon. The primary background for this analysis is bundles of downgoing, high-energy muons from the interaction of cosmic rays in the atmosphere. No statistically significant excess above the expected background is seen in the data, and an upper limit is set on the diffuse all-flavor neutrino flux of E2 [Phi]{sub 90%CL}

Download or read book Applications of Evolutionary Algorithms in Ultra high Energy Neutrino Astrophysics written by Julie Rolla and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos provides a promising tool to probe the highly energetic hadronic accelerators at the far reaches of our universe with little deflection or interaction in their travels through the cosmos. However, detecting these neutrinos is rare and requires expansive detectors and medium, optimized hardware, and extensive analysis. This thesis explores potential applications for evolutionary algorithms to improve the experimental design and analysis of UHE neutrino experiments. The first project describes the use of genetic algorithms for designing antennas with better sensitivities to ultra-high energy neutrino-induced radio pulses than current designs. This thesis describes the history and work of the Genetically Evolving NEuTrIno TeleScopes (GENETIS) project. First, initial projects and exploratory GAs are described. Second, a discussion is given on the evolution of increasingly complex antenna designs optimized to improve the detection of UHE neutrinos. Finally, a project to optimize antenna response patterns are evolved for a given array geometry is presented. The second project described is an investigation using genetic programming to distinguish signals from instrumental or environmental noise triggers. Using Karoo GP, a genetic programming software suite, we present a study using genetic programming to classify signal and background in ARA data. In addition to variable exploration and feature extraction, coherently summed waveforms (CSWs) are also analyzed. Evolutionary algorithms are powerful techniques that are underutilized in astrophysics. With the potential to improve experimental design and analysis techniques, these algorithms could help lead the search in UHE neutrino detection and the field of multi-messenger astronomy.

Download or read book High Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos written by Debanjan Bose and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a pedagogical introduction to the likely sources of these neutrinos, their propagation and detection mechanisms. Detection of high energy neutrinos of extragalactic origin has led to an interdisciplinary field of research, involving astronomy, astrophysics and particle physics. An extensive review of various detectors and the observations is provided that consolidates the latest findings. Above a few tens of TeVs, neutrinos are conceived as more reliable messengers for astronomy than photons as these photons get absorbed in the background photon field. Determining the neutrino spectrum not only helps in exploring astrophysical objects like AGN, GRB, etc. but also allows us to study particle physics at unprecedented energies. This introductory book is intended to help advanced undergraduate and graduate students to get into the subject with ease, and it simultaneously caters to practicing theoretical or experimental physicists as a reference book.

Download or read book Exploring the Use of Signal Envelopes for Neutrino Detection with In ice Radio Arrays written by Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutrinos are unique cosmic messengers that can be used to probe the universe for sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In order to detect the highest energy neutrinos, which are expected to interact very rarely, a large detector volume is necessary. The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) and similar neutrino detectors use the Antarctic ice as their detector volume, searching for radio signals from neutrino-induced particle showers in the ice. This detection technique results in radio neutrino detectors that are highly sensitive to neutrinos with energies above 10 PeV. This thesis explores the possibility of using envelopes of the voltage signals from antennas in ARA to perform neutrino searches. A detector making use of signal envelopes could have a significantly lower power consumption, making it an attractive option in power-limited regions like Antarctica. By reproducing the reconstruction method used in previous ARA analyses, a reconstruction using signal envelopes is shown to be able to reconstruct the location of a neutrino event in the ice with an error of 1-2 degrees. However, since the ARA stations are not optimized for this method, the use of signal envelopes for a complete analysis of ARA data is ultimately found to be unrealistic. In the absence of a direct comparison between the previous ARA analysis and a signal-envelope analysis, further applications of the signal envelope are proposed, including detector geometries that are more optimized for envelope analysis as well as options for using signal envelopes to lower the trigger threshold of radio neutrino detectors.

Download or read book Characterizing the Search for Ultra high Energy Neutrinos with the ARIANNA Detector written by Kamlesh Dookayka and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic Ross Ice-shelf ANtenna Neutrino Array (ARIANNA) experiment exploits unique properties of the Ross Ice Shelf, namely its radio transparency and reflectivity at the ice-water boundary beneath the shelf, to search for ultra-high energy neutrinos. It consists of an array of detectors embedded just beneath the surface with antennas facing down to listen to characteristic radio Cherenkov pulses generated by neutrino interactions in the ice. A simulation tool has been developed and used for optimization studies and to evaluate ARIANNA's energy-dependent aperture (effective volume & times steradians). This metric can be used to estimate the expected number of neutrinos detected from a given model prediction. The software and its physics, as well as the enhancements and additions to the original version, are described. We have included an improved treatment of the firn layer with an updated parametrization (based on latest measurements) of its graded index which impact signal path and polarization. Tau-neutrino interactions now take into account regeneration from their passage through Earth, and an approximation of the 'double-bang' effect. The antenna response is more accurately represented by averaging the relative gain in both E and H-planes. Studies show that ARIANNA can detect ~ 35 events/year from the GZK mechanism using the ESS model prediction. The high sensitivity results from nearly six months or more of continuous yearly operation, low energy threshold (> 3 x 1017 eV), large volume (513 km3), and a view of slightly more than half the sky (declination +30° to -90°). The rates of background events are consistent with thermal noise fluctuations. A new reconstruction framework has been devised for the energy and direction of a detected neutrino using measured parameters from a single station, such as relative time differences between antenna and signal amplitudes. Using simulated data, the energy and angular resolutions with a single station is calculated as delta E/ E ~ 2.2, sigma (theta) ~ 2.9°, sigma (phi) ~ 2.5° respectively. In addition to ARIANNA's potential for diffuse flux studies, these capabilities bode well for future UHE neutrino point source studies.

Download or read book A Search for Ultra high Energy Neutrinos with AMANDA II written by Christin Wiedemann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Search for Ultra high Energy Cosmic Neutrinos written by Sam Stafford and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra-high Energy (UHE) neutrinos represent an increasingly important messenger in astronomy and astrophysics. The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment campaign utilizes a balloon-borne phased antenna array to detect coherent Cherenkov radio-frequency pulses induced by UHE neutrinos interacting with the Antarctic ice. We analyzed the data from the third ANITA flight (ANITA-III) for evidence of Ultra-high energy neutrinos by augmenting interferometric methods used in analyses of previous ANITA flights. Continuous wave (CW) radio content from ground-based Antarctic habitations and orbiting geostationary communications satellites interferes with the detection and analysis of neutrino-induced radio signals; we developed circular polarization analysis methods to facilitate improved rejection of false positives induced by satellite CW. We also developed new methods of calculating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of event waveforms, and enhanced event localization by applying a probability distribution function (PDF) based on the measured resolution of our interferometry. We developed a final linear discriminant cut for rejecting thermal and anthropogenic signals by dividing the continent into equal-area bins and optimizing the cut to each individual bin, so as to obtain the strongest possible the upper limit on cosmic neutrino flux.

Download or read book Searching for High Energy Neutrinos with AMANDA II Detector written by Jodi Ann Cooley-Sekula and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Search for Extraterrestrial Point Sources of High Energy Neutrinos with AMANDA II Using Data 2000 2002 written by You-Ren Wang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Search for Ultra High Energy Neutrinos from Extra galactic Sources written by Kendall Brianna McConnel and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: