Download or read book Optimisation thermique de lasers cavit vertical base d InP et report s sur substrat silicium pour des applications t l com written by Ahmad Shuaib and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En tant que sources de lumière cohérente bas-coût, les VCSELS sont incontournables dans beaucoup de domaines dont celui des telecoms optiques. Cependant, des améliorations des propriétés des VCSELS sont indispensables notamment dans le domaine de la « fibre-vers-l’abonné » utilisant la technologie InP à 1,5 μm. en effet, ce domaine ne se développera qu’en remplaçant les lasers à émission par la tranche par des lasers VCSELs bas-coûts. Ceci sera possible à condition d’optimiser l’évacuation de la chaleur générée par la zone active et limitant la puissance de ces VCSELs. Ce travail de thèse est dédié à l’optimisation de l’évacuation thermique de VCSELs émettant à 1,5 μm pompés optiquement et fonctionnant en continu à température ambiante. En particulier, nous avons utilisé des miroirs de Bragg diélectriques (a-SiH/a-SiNx) reportés sur substrats de Si. De plus, nous montrons qu’une optimisation de l’épaisseur d’InP intra-cavité permet d’améliorer l’évacuation de la chaleur dans nos VCSELs. Finalement, nous proposons un nouveau design de VCSEL composé d’un miroir de fond de cavité enterré dans des couches métalliques. Les optimisations présentées dans le cadre du VCSEL pompé optiquement ont pour but d’être utilisés ultérieurement pour le VCSEL pompé électriquement.
Download or read book Raman lasers and amplifiers in silicon photonics written by Mohammad Ahmadi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le silicium est le fondement de la microélectronique, pour laquelle des milliards de dollars et des décennies de recherche ont été consacrés au développement de l'industrie de la fabrication. Après avoir surmonté un certain nombre d'obstacles techniques difficiles, cette technologie a atteint une maturité, une rentabilité et un processus robuste. La photonique à base de silicium a récemment fait l'objet d'une grande attention en raison de la demande mondiale croissante de données issues des télécommunications. Le silicium, matériau transparent dans les spectres du proche et du moyen infrarouge, permet de concevoir des circuits optiques basés sur cette plate-forme. Tirant parti de l'infrastructure et de l'expertise de la fabrication microélectronique moderne, la photonique de silicium offre de nombreux avantages attrayants en réduisant la taille, la consommation d'énergie et le coût de fabrication, ainsi qu'un grand potentiel de production de masse. Les progrès récents de la photonique de silicium ont permis aux concepteurs d'avoir accès à des librairies de blocs de construction passifs et actifs tels que des multiplexeurs, des résonateurs en anneau, des modulateurs, des photodétecteurs, etc. Ces avancées ont incité les chercheurs à exploiter cette plateforme dans divers domaines allant de la détection à la médecine. L'un des défis de la recherche sur la photonique du silicium est de développer une source de lumière et un amplificateur compatible avec le silicium en raison des bandes interdites indirectes du silicium et du germanium. Plusieurs solutions sont actuellement à l'étude pour fournir des sources de lumière sur puce, qui sont réalisées comme suit : lasers à commande électrique par manipulation de la bande interdite et méthodes de co-intégration ou lasers à commande optique par co-intégration de matériaux de gain, dopage d'un matériau de revêtement avec des ions de terres rares, ou utilisation d'effets non linéaires pour convertir la fréquence. La manipulation de la bande interdite implique l'ingénierie de la bande interdite des matériaux du groupe IV avec des souches ou des alliages pour améliorer l'émission directe de la bande interdite. Les techniques de co-intégration comprennent la croissance épitaxiale hétérogène ou le collage de matériaux du groupe III-V sur le guide d'ondes en silicium pour concevoir un laser ou tirer parti de caractéristiques à gain élevé. Le dopage d'une gaine de verre avec des éléments de terres rares comme le thulium, l'holmium, l'erbium avec des guides d'ondes spécialement conçus pour former une cavité laser a également été proposé comme solution. La conversion de fréquence par des effets non linéaires dans les guides d'ondes en silicium est une autre approche de la génération de lumière sur puce qui peut être réalisée sans aucun post-traitement des puces en silicium sur isolant (SOI). Par exemple, dans le silicium, la non-linéarité du troisième ordre permet la génération de peignes, la génération de supercontinuum, l'oscillation paramétrique optique et l'émission Raman. Parmi celles-ci, la diffusion Raman-Stokes stimulée (SRSS) peut être avantageusement utilisée pour la conversion et l'amplification des longueurs d'onde, car elle ne nécessite pas d'ingénierie de dispersion. Le gain Raman du silicium a donc été exploité dans la conception de divers lasers et amplificateurs sur puce. Les lasers et amplificateurs Raman sur puce utilisent des conceptions simples et ont jusqu'à présent été réalisés principalement avec des tranches de silicium relativement épaisses. Dans ce travail, nous profitons du gain Raman pour étudier, modéliser, concevoir et démontrer expérimentalement un laser et un amplificateur Raman. Nos recherches s'appuient sur une fonderie à accès libre offrant des plaquettes SOI standard avec une épaisseur de silicium de 220 nm. Dans notre première contribution, nous présentons un modèle complet pour un laser Raman CW dans une plateforme SOI. Nous concevons ensuite un laser Raman de 2,232 μm avec une cavité résonante en anneau sur puce. Les valeurs optimisées pour la longueur de la cavité et les rapports de couplage de puissance sont déterminés par la simulation numérique des performances du laser en tenant compte des variations de fabrication. Enfin, en concevant un coupleur directionnel (DC) accordable pour la cavité laser, une conception robuste du laser Raman est présentée. Nous montrons que la réduction des pertes de propagation et l'élimination des porteurs libres, par l'utilisation d'une jonction p-i-n, amélioreront de manière significative les performances du laser Raman en termes de réduction de la puissance de seuil et d'augmentation de l'efficacité de la pente. Dans notre deuxième contribution, nous démontrons un laser Raman accordable de haute performance qui convertit la gamme de longueur d'onde de pompe de 1530 nm - 1600 nm à la gamme de signal de 1662 nm- 1745 nm avec une puissance de sortie moyenne de 3 mW à ~50 mW de puissance de pompe avec un seul dispositif. La caractéristique principale de ce laser est l'utilisation d'un mécanisme de couplage accordable pour ajuster les coefficients de couplage de la pompe et du signal dans la cavité en anneau et compenser les erreurs de fabrication. Nos résultats sont très prometteurs pour l'augmentation substantielle des ressources spectrales optiques disponibles sur une puce de silicium. Nous démontrons également, pour la première fois, un laser Raman dans l'infrarouge moyen générant un signal à 2,231 μm avec une pompe à 2 μm et étudions les défis d'obtenir une émission cette bande. Notre dernière contribution est dédiée à l'amplificateur Raman, nous discutons et validons expérimentalement l'importance de considérer le gain Raman non-réciproque en utilisant une pompe et une sonde contre-propagatives ou co-propagatives, différentes longueurs d'amplificateur, puissances de pompe d'entrée et valeurs de perte non-linéaire. Nous démontrons un circuit optique sans perte assisté par Raman dans un guide d'ondes de 1,2 cm de longueur qui atteint un gain net nul avec seulement 60 mW de pompage en puissance continue. Nous examinons les pertes non linéaires des guides d'ondes en silicium pour estimer la durée de vie des porteurs libres (FCL), puis nous extrayons le coefficient de gain Raman du guide d'ondes photonique en silicium. Nous utilisons ensuite ces paramètres clés comme entrée d'un modèle d'amplificateur Raman photonique au silicium pour trouver la performance optimale en fonction de l'encombrement et de la puissance de pompage disponibles.
Download or read book ICREEC 2019 written by Ahmed Belasri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.
Download or read book Reactor Core Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AGARD Conference Proceedings written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Failure Analysis written by Marius Bazu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-08 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failure analysis is the preferred method to investigate product or process reliability and to ensure optimum performance of electrical components and systems. The physics-of-failure approach is the only internationally accepted solution for continuously improving the reliability of materials, devices and processes. The models have been developed from the physical and chemical phenomena that are responsible for degradation or failure of electronic components and materials and now replace popular distribution models for failure mechanisms such as Weibull or lognormal. Reliability engineers need practical orientation around the complex procedures involved in failure analysis. This guide acts as a tool for all advanced techniques, their benefits and vital aspects of their use in a reliability programme. Using twelve complex case studies, the authors explain why failure analysis should be used with electronic components, when implementation is appropriate and methods for its successful use. Inside you will find detailed coverage on: a synergistic approach to failure modes and mechanisms, along with reliability physics and the failure analysis of materials, emphasizing the vital importance of cooperation between a product development team involved the reasons why failure analysis is an important tool for improving yield and reliability by corrective actions the design stage, highlighting the ‘concurrent engineering' approach and DfR (Design for Reliability) failure analysis during fabrication, covering reliability monitoring, process monitors and package reliability reliability resting after fabrication, including reliability assessment at this stage and corrective actions a large variety of methods, such as electrical methods, thermal methods, optical methods, electron microscopy, mechanical methods, X-Ray methods, spectroscopic, acoustical, and laser methods new challenges in reliability testing, such as its use in microsystems and nanostructures This practical yet comprehensive reference is useful for manufacturers and engineers involved in the design, fabrication and testing of electronic components, devices, ICs and electronic systems, as well as for users of components in complex systems wanting to discover the roots of the reliability flaws for their products.
Download or read book Handbook of Soil Analysis written by Marc Pansu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-18 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a reference guide for selecting and carrying out numerous methods of soil analysis. It is written in accordance with analytical standards and quality control approaches. It covers a large body of technical information including protocols, tables, formulae, spectrum models, chromatograms and additional analytical diagrams. The approaches are diverse, from the simplest tests to the most sophisticated determination methods.
Download or read book Strap down Inertial Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Solid State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.
Download or read book Soil Analysis written by J. Gautheyrou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to provide a better understanding of tools for soil analysis in order to use them more efficiently. It covers sampling problems as well as difficulties relating to actual analysis and quality control.
Download or read book Nanocellulose written by Jin Huang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively introduces readers to the production, modifications, and applications of nanocellulose This book gives a thorough introduction to the structure, properties, surface modification, theory, mechanism of composites, and functional materials derived from nanocellulose. It also provides in-depth descriptions of plastics, composites, and functional nanomaterials specifically derived from cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, and bacterial cellulose. It includes the most recent progress in developing a conceptual framework of nanocellulose, as well as its numerous applications in the design and manufacture of nanocomposites and functional nanomaterials. The book also looks at the relationship between structure and properties. Featuring contributions from many noted experts in the field, Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Materials examines the current status of nanocomposites based on nanocelluloses. It covers surface modification of nanocellulose in the nanocomposites development; reinforcing mechanism of cellulose nanocrystals in nanocomposites; and advanced materials based on self-organization of cellulose nanocrystals. The book studies the role of cellulose nanofibrils in nanocomposites, as well as a potential application based on colloidal properties of cellulose nanocrystals. It also offers strategies to explore biomedical applications of nanocellulose. Provides comprehensive knowledge on the topic of nanocellulose, including the preparation, structure, properties, surface modification and strategy Covers new reports on the application of nanocellulose Summarizes three kinds of nanocellulose (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, and bacterial cellulose) and their production, modification, and applications Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Materials is a useful resource for specialist researchers of chemistry, materials, and nanotechnology science, as well as for researchers and students of the subject.
Download or read book Laser 50 Years Of Discoveries written by Fabien Bretenaker and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides an overview of the principle and applications of lasers enriched with numerous illustrations.Being over fifty years old, lasers continue to amaze us. Their performance characteristics are constantly reaching new limits, and the scope of their applications continues to expand. Yet, it took years of effort by teams of physicists to transform the fundamental notions of Einstein into the first experimental beam of laser light. And history is still going on as fundamental research is now triggered by its remarkable properties.This book addresses every aspects of laser light, from its fundamental principles to its industrial applications, at a level particularly suited for high school teachers, students, and anybody curious about science and technology.
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1976 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis· seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) *at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac· tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 20 (thesis year 1975) a total of 10,374 theses titles from 28 Canadian and 239 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. The organization of Volume 20 is identical to that of past years. It consists of theses titles arranged by discipline and by university within each discipline.
Download or read book Inertial Navigation Systems Analysis written by Kenneth Robert Britting and published by GNSS Technology and Applicatio. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Out-of-print for years, this highly sought-after volume, remains the most popular reference on inertial navigation systems analysis. Finally, this classic book is back in print and readily available only from Artech House. Authored by a pioneer in the field, this authoritative resource focuses on terrestrial navigation, but is also useful for air and sea applications. Packed with valuable, time-saving equations and models, the book helps engineers design optimal navigation systems by comparing the performance of the various types of system mechanizations. Although applications and technology have changed over the years, this book remains the best source for fundamental inertial navigation system knowledge, from notational conventions, reference frames, and geometry of the earth, to unified error analysis, self-alignment techniques, and the development of a system error model. This well-illustrated, timeless reference belongs on the shelf of every practicing engineer working in this area.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer written by S. C. Bhatia and published by . This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
