Download or read book Optimal Pricing Policies for Economic Development written by Eiji Tajika and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimal Pricing Inflation and the Cost of Price Adjustment written by Eytan Sheshinski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These collected articles constitute what is perhaps the definitive study of pricing models under inflation, providing a solid basis for further research on this elusive question. What are the real effects of inflation? These collected articles constitute what is perhaps the definitive study of pricing models under inflation, providing a solid basis for further research on this elusive question. Covering a broad range of theory and applications by well-known microeconomists, the eighteen contributions evaluate the effects of inflation on aggregate output and on welfare and reveal the scope of recent efforts to explicitly incorporate frictions in economic models. A basic building block common to most of the essays in this volume is the observation that individual firms change nominal prices intermittently. The frequency and size of nominal price changes are influenced by the cost of price adjustment and changes in the economic environment, production costs, market demand, market structure, and most important, inflation. Thus the degree of nominal rigidity is influenced by the economic environment, and in a dynamic context. Two introductory essays survey the empirical studies of pricing policies by individual firms and the theoretical efforts to integrate the nominal rigidities at the micro level into macro relationships. The essays that follow treat the general problem of optimal dynamic adjustment in the presence of convex costs of adjustment, include applications of the inventory models to the case of nominal price adjustment by an individual firm, address the question of aggregation, introduce active search by consumers, and provide empirical analysis of nominal price rigidities.

Download or read book Pricing Policy for Development Management written by Gerald M. Meier and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many economists believe that a major task of development policy is to get prices right. Policy prescriptions frequently emphasize the need for more appropriate pricing systems or a sensible pricing system. But how does one know when prices are right, appropriate, or sensible? What exactly are the policy instruments that policymakers can use to get prices right? This book explores these questions. To indicate how the principles of pricing might be applied to these various problems, the discussion is structured in the following sections. "Elements of a Price System, " explains the components of a price system and relates them to the logic of optimization in a choice problem. "Functions of Prices, " distinguishes the various functions performed by prices and illustrates some consequences of pricing policies. "Properties of Efficiency, " presents an ideal reference model of an efficient economy, so that actual cases of market failure can be compared with the optimal. It also examines how deviations from the ideal market arise and what remedial policies are possible to correct the distortions. "Public Pricing Policy, " outlines contending principles of ideal pricing and considers applications to a range of public services. "Prices, Markets, and Development, " acts as a summary and places the techniques of project appraisal in the wider context of price analysis and investment policy.

Download or read book Pricing Policies for Public Enterprises written by Michael Gordon Webb and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Socially Optimal Transport Prices and Markets written by Todd Litman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the potential of developing more optimal transport prices and markets, and resulting impacts on vehicle travel, consumer costs, environmental and land use impacts, economic development, and social welfare. Optimal pricing must balance economic efficiency, equity and transaction costs. Optimal markets must offer choices and information, minimize distortions, encourage producer competition, and avoid social traps. Current transport prices and markets often fail to meet these criteria. Although distortions may have been justified when transaction costs were high and motor vehicle externalities relatively small, new pricing technologies and increasing concern over external costs justifies increased emphasis on marginal and full-cost pricing, and efforts to eliminate market distortiond. Eleven specific strategies are proposed to create more optimal pricing and markets. These strategies would significanly increase the perceived cost of motor vehicle use while reducing fixed vehicle costs and externalities, increase consumer choices and reduce market distortions. Higher vehicle costs would be offset by reductions in other taxes, consumer expenses, and motor vehicle externalities. Employment, productivity and economic development should increase. Most consumers should benefit verall. Full implementation of those changes is predicted to reduce motor vehicle use by 35%. This indicates that current high levels of automobile use are partly the result of mispricing and market distortions. Consumers reduce automobile travel, given a more optimal market. Current market distortions reduced consumer welfare. Although there are barriers to implementing more optimal pricing and markets, these can be minimized through good planning and management practices which make charges predictable and gradual, maxmize public invlovement, and address specific public concerns.

Download or read book Setting Profitable Prices Website written by Marlene Jensen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-29 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-tested strategies for making the best possible pricing decisions and gaining an unbeatable competitive advantage Pricing is one of the most important—and difficult—marketing problems companies face when launching new products. Unfortunately, the research that goes into making optimal pricing decisions is a very time-consuming process—unless, that is, you can afford to pay a consultant or outside agency to do it for you. But if you're like most small- to medium-sized business owners and managers, time and money are two things you absolutely don't have to spare. Problem solved: Written by a nationally recognized pricing expert, this book arms you with proven strategies for guaranteeing that you'll never again leave money on the table when determining prices. And you'll spend the least possible time setting your more profitable prices. Packed with valuable worksheets and other valuable tools to help guide your research and your pricing decision-making A goldmine of expert tips for pricing in any specialty market, it offers a highly effective way to market your company's product more effectively and profitably Shows you how to avoid making your competitors' pricing mistakes and gain a powerful competitive edge in the process The author uses examples drawn from her years of consulting work with companies large and small, including Food Network, American Express Publishing, and Playboy

Download or read book Optimal Pricing for the Growth of Innovations with Direct Network Externalities written by Mohammad G. Nejad and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose - This study explores optimal pricing strategies for innovations with direct network externalities. The utility of these innovations increases with the number of adopters and thus the innovation takeoff requires a certain number of adopters. Design/methodology/approach - Agent-based Modeling and Simulation.Findings - The relationship between price and NPV of revenue resembles an asymmetric inverse U-shape. Low-pricing strategy outperforms high-pricing, while a moderate pricing strategy outperforms both low- and high-pricing strategies. Moreover, heterogeneity of consumer price sensitivity positively affects NPV of sales.Practical implications - Pricing durable new products with network externalities are more challenging than other types of innovations. The price pattern of most new durable products are out of the control of firms and historical data indicates that the price of such innovations drops over time which further highlights the importance of their introductory pricing. The results indicate that firms can maximize their NPV by adopting a moderate pricing strategy. Moreover, firms must consider heterogeneity of consumer price sensitivity along with the market price elasticity when making pricing decisions. Detailed strategic implications and recommendations are discussed.Originality/value - Several recent studies have called for studying pricing strategies for new products with network externalities. The study findings challenge the common wisdom that a penetration pricing strategy is an optimal approach for durable products with network externalities. Moreover, while other studies have highlighted the importance of market price elasticity, extensive simulation experiments conducted in this study shows that heterogeneity of consumer price sensitivity is an important factor that must be considered. Finally, the study presents an agent-based modeling approach for exploring optimal pricing innovations with network externalities.

Download or read book Optimal Strategic Pricing Policies with Learning written by Frank Myron Bass and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Revenue Management written by Kalyan T. Talluri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-21 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revenue management (RM) has emerged as one of the most important new business practices in recent times. This book is the first comprehensive reference book to be published in the field of RM. It unifies the field, drawing from industry sources as well as relevant research from disparate disciplines, as well as documenting industry practices and implementation details. Successful hardcover version published in April 2004.

Download or read book Price Policies and Economic Growth written by Antonio Jorge and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1997-02-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of price structures and their impact on trade, productivity, and other related factors will aid in formulation of price policies promoting economic growth and development. Price formulation issues are examined within the context of nonmarket and imperfect market conditions, providing insightful linking of exchange rates and domestic prices to a wide array of factors that determine economic growth. Different facets of primary commodity price formation are explored, arriving at such conclusions as the fact that the dramatic rise in oil prices during the 1970s had little to do with the Latin American debt crisis or with the world recession that followed. Some new techniques for analysis are used, and commonly used techniques in price comparison studies are discussed.

Download or read book Non Conflicting Resource Pricing Policies in an Interdependent World written by Geoffrey M. Heal and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OUR CONCERN in this paper is to analyze the optimal long-run pricing policies of oil-exporting countries. These might be described briefly as the policies which best meet their objectives, subject to the various limitations imposed on them by the realities of world economic forces. The objectives of the oil-exporting countries have been conveniently summarized in earlier discussions in OPEC Seminars (see Sepahban, 1982), under the following four headings: 1. The conservation of hydrocarbon resources. 2. Accelerated economic and social development of their domestic economics, and in particular rapid capital formation. 3. Improved terms of trade with industrial countries. 4. Maintenance of reasonable rates of economic growth for the international community, including industrial countries.

Download or read book Optimal Pricing Policy for Successive Product Generations in the Presence of Value Uncertainty written by Jeongeun Sim and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a firm introduces newer product generations over time, forward-looking consumers can either buy the current version immediately or wait for a newer version. The value of the newer generation is ex ante uncertain. We investigate the role of pricing policies in forming consumer behavior, and study the market conditions that lead to a certain optimal pricing policy. We find that setting prices for the future version of the product in advance when customers are uncertain of the product value (preset pricing) induces consumers to delay purchasing decisions for the newer version even when the price is projected to increase. Meanwhile, setting the price of the future version after its value unveils (consequent pricing) prompts immediate purchase of the current version. When the benefit from delayed purchase decisions is significant, even setting one price for different versions (uniform pricing) can outperform consequent pricing. Presetting price also serves as an effective means to price discriminate heterogeneous consumers. We also show that preset pricing, which lacks the ability to respond to value uncertainty, can be preferable to consequent pricing when value uncertainty is high. Lastly, continuing to sell the older version with the newer version is more profitable than discontinuing it under the preset pricing policy.

Download or read book International Friction and Cooperation in High Technology Development and Trade written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-10 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development Economics written by Subrata Ghatak and published by London ; New York : Longman. This book was released on 1978 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook on the economics of economic development, with particular reference to least developed countries (ldc) - treats economic theories (incl. Econometric models of dual economies), resource allocation, development planning, industrialization policies and trade policies, development aid, poverty, etc. Bibliography pp. 240 to 262, graphs and statistical tables. ILO mentioned.

Download or read book Port Economics Management and Policy written by Theo Notteboom and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Port Economics, Management and Policy provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary port industry, showing how ports are organized to serve the global economy and support regional and local development. Structured in eight sections plus an introduction and epilog, this textbook examines a wide range of seaport topics, covering maritime shipping and international trade, port terminals, port governance, port competition, port policy and much more. Key features of the book include: Multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on economics, geography, management science and engineering Multisector analysis including containers, bulk, break-bulk and the cruise industry Focus on the latest industry trends, such as supply chain management, automation, digitalization and sustainability Benefitting from the authors’ extensive involvement in shaping the port sector across five continents, this text provides students and scholars with a valuable resource on ports and maritime transport systems. Practitioners and policymakers can also use this as an essential guide towards better port management and governance.

Download or read book Financial Policies written by Shayne Kavanagh and published by Gfoa. This book was released on 2004 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimizing Regional Development Through Transformative Urbanization written by Benna, Umar G. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-08-10 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assisted by globalization and the rapid application of advanced technologies, the transformative power of urbanization is being felt around the world. The scale and the speed of existing and projected urbanization poses several challenges to researchers in multiple disciplines, such as computer science, engineering, and the social sciences. Optimizing Regional Development Through Transformative Urbanization provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of applications within urban growth interventions. It also explores the strategies for new urban development tools such as the rise of new platforms for digital activities, concepts of sharing economy, collaborative economy, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as cryptocurrencies, public-private partnership, and urban governance, this book is a vital reference for city development planners, decision makers, policymakers, academicians, researchers, and professionals seeking current research on the delivery of transformative urbanization changes.