Download or read book Optimal Impulsive Control of Spacecraft Relative Motion written by Michelle Elyse Chernick and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed space systems, or the collective usage of two or more interacting spacecraft, open the door to more complex mission applications, ultimately leading to rapid evolution in fields such as astronomy and astrophysics, planetary science, and heliophysics. In many applications, DSS bring an added layer of fault-tolerance because tasks and payloads can be shared among the spacecraft. This division of both workload and components enables the design of simple on-board systems and ensures that a mission's success is not dependent on a single spacecraft. In other mission applications, DSS increase mission coverage and flexibility, which provides more functionality than a single, monolithic spacecraft alone. However, with these benefits of using DSS comes the inherent challenge of controlling the spacecraft relative orbital motion. This dissertation focuses on the class of spacecraft relative orbit control problems that seek to minimize the delta-v cost of impulsive control actions while achieving a desired relative state in fixed time. The result is an autonomous, robust, and efficient impulsive maneuver planning architecture to solve the relative orbit control problem in a closed orbit of arbitrary eccentricity. The six-dimensional (6D) optimization problem is posed in relative orbit elements (ROE) space, a state representation composed of combinations of the classical orbital elements, which describes the motion of a spacecraft in the DSS relative to a real or virtual reference orbit. Parameterizing the relative motion using the ROE yields insight into relative motion geometry and allows for the straightforward inclusion of orbital perturbations in linear time-variant form. Consequently, the choice of state representation enables solving the control problem in closed-form, leading to delta-v optimal, predictable maneuver schemes for computationally efficient algorithmic implementation in spaceborne processors. The relative motion control architecture put forth in this dissertation makes extensive use of reachable set theory to translate the cost-minimization problem into a geometric minimum length path-planning problem. Reachable set theory is a tool typically used to evaluate achievable states given a control action. When applied to the orbit reconfiguration problem, it greatly simplifies the optimization process without loss of generality. In fact, this dissertation exploits several properties of the reachable sets to prove that the cost of an entire reconfiguration is driven by one 2D projected plane. This geometric intuition is the key to formulating a general methodology to derive the closed-form reachable delta-v minimum. The reachable delta-v minimum is a new metric to quantify the reachability and assess the optimality of a maneuver scheme. An equivalently general methodology follows, which describes how to compute maneuver schemes that achieve a prescribed reconfiguration and meet this new optimality criterion. Though the methodology applies to any Linear Time-Varying (LTV) system, this dissertation applies the methodology to the ROE state representation to derive new globally optimal maneuver schemes in closed orbits of arbitrary eccentricity. The problem is further simplified through the use of a modified ROE state representation, in which the elements are redefined such that relative orbital motion within the reference orbit plane (in-plane) and out of the reference orbit plane (out-of-plane) decouples in any closed orbit regime. The maneuver planning algorithms here are robust to orbit regime and employ combinations of maneuvers in the radial, tangential, and normal directions to achieve an optimal reconfiguration solution, in-plane and out-of-plane alike. However, this dissertation also shows how quantifiably sub-optimal solutions can be generated by relaxing constraints in the general methodology when the optimal solutions are unreachable. For example, restricting the maneuvers to occur only in the tangential direction yields entirely analytic expressions for quantifiably sub-optimal maneuver schemes in eccentric reference orbits. The analytic tangential-only sub-optimal solution requires only a minimal delta-v penalty over the optimal and to be orders of magnitude more computationally efficient. This is just one example of how the general solution methodology can be modified to derive quantifiably sub-optimal solutions with high performance and computational feasibility. Uncertainty in the dynamics model, state knowledge, and maneuver execution can propagate into significant errors in the ROE achieved at the end of a reconfiguration. Therefore, to prepare the control software for on-board implementation, this dissertation analyzes the effects of different error sources on the reachable sets. The analysis focuses on developing both a qualitative understanding of how errors alter the relative motion geometry and a quantitative assessment to mathematically determine the effect that each error has on achieving the desired end state. The analysis, which uses a geometric method based on the non-diagonal covariance matrix of each uncertainty source, shows that errors in maneuver timing and the reference satellite's initial absolute state are negligible. However, errors in the initial relative state and the maneuver magnitudes can propagate significantly and must be mitigated. The culmination of the research presented in this dissertation is the development of the dedicated Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) payload onboard the Demonstration with Nanosatellites of Autonomous Rendezvous and Formation-Flying (DWARF) mission. The DWARF mission is a collaborative development effort between the Stanford Space Rendezvous Laboratory, Gauss S.R.L., and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. The mission seeks to demonstrate novel and state-of-the-art relative navigation and control technology in a sun-synchronous Low Earth Orbit using a pair of identical, autonomous, 3U CubeSats with commercial-off-the-shelf hardware and a cold-gas propulsion system. The many lessons learned during the DWARF mission will facilitate new, more complex, DSS technology such as virtual telescopes, on-orbit servicing, and space structure assembly. This dissertation focuses specifically on the design, implementation, and integration of the control subsystem of the GNC payload, which aims to demonstrate safe, robust, and autonomous formation acquisition, keeping, and reconfiguration at separations between 100 meters and 100 kilometers. This dissertation details the algorithmic implementation of the control subsystem as a regularly called finite state machine that manages on-orbit activity such as optimal maneuver scheme generation, data handling, and error and uncertainty mitigation. Also, to alleviate the inaccuracies that can accumulate from the errors mentioned previously, the DWARF software continuously replans the maneuvers analytically, using a diminishing horizon model predictive control. The functionality and performance of the DWARF prototype flight software are rigorously validated in a high-fidelity software-in-the-loop simulation environment for mission scenarios in near-circular and eccentric orbits. The DWARF simulation environment includes a full-force perturbation model, realistic navigation uncertainty, and maneuver execution errors. It additionally includes a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal simulator to emulate on-board navigation with realistic uncertainty, as well as realistic maneuver execution and timing errors. The maneuver schemes are stress-tested further by varying the spacecraft ballistic properties and the orbit geometry to evaluate solution performance in highly-perturbed environments across multiple orbit regimes.

Download or read book Dynamics and Control of Lorentz Augmented Spacecraft Relative Motion written by Ye Yan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a dynamical model of the orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft in both unperturbed and J2-perturbed environments. It explicitly discusses three kinds of typical space missions involving relative orbital control: spacecraft hovering, rendezvous, and formation flying. Subsequently, it puts forward designs for both open-loop and closed-loop control schemes propelled or augmented by the geomagnetic Lorentz force. These control schemes are entirely novel and represent a significantly departure from previous approaches.

Download or read book Spacecraft Formation Flying written by Kyle Alfriend and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space agencies are now realizing that much of what has previously been achieved using hugely complex and costly single platform projects—large unmanned and manned satellites (including the present International Space Station)—can be replaced by a number of smaller satellites networked together. The key challenge of this approach, namely ensuring the proper formation flying of multiple craft, is the topic of this second volume in Elsevier’s Astrodynamics Series, Spacecraft Formation Flying: Dynamics, control and navigation. In this unique text, authors Alfriend et al. provide a coherent discussion of spacecraft relative motion, both in the unperturbed and perturbed settings, explain the main control approaches for regulating relative satellite dynamics, using both impulsive and continuous maneuvers, and present the main constituents required for relative navigation. The early chapters provide a foundation upon which later discussions are built, making this a complete, standalone offering. Intended for graduate students, professors and academic researchers in the fields of aerospace and mechanical engineering, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics, Spacecraft Formation Flying is a technical yet accessible, forward-thinking guide to this critical area of astrodynamics. The first book dedicated to spacecraft formation flying, written by leading researchers and professors in the field Develops the theory from an astrodynamical viewpoint, emphasizing modeling, control and navigation of formation flying satellites on Earth orbits Examples used to illustrate the main developments, with a sample simulation of a formation flying mission included to illustrate high fidelity modeling, control and relative navigation

Download or read book Space Vehicle Dynamics and Control written by Bong Wie and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A textbook that incorporates the latest methods used for the analysis of spacecraft orbital, attitude, and structural dynamics and control. Spacecraft dynamics is treated as a dynamic system with emphasis on practical applications, typical examples of which are the analysis and redesign of the pointing control system of the Hubble Space Telescope and the analysis of an active vibrations control for the COFS (Control of Flexible Structures) Mast Flight System. In addition to the three subjects mentioned above, dynamic systems modeling, analysis, and control are also discussed. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Modern Spacecraft Guidance Navigation and Control written by Vincenzo Pesce and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-13 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation, and Control: From System Modeling to AI and Innovative Applications provides a comprehensive foundation of theory and applications of spacecraft GNC, from fundamentals to advanced concepts, including modern AI-based architectures with focus on hardware and software practical applications. Divided into four parts, this book begins with an introduction to spacecraft GNC, before discussing the basic tools for GNC applications. These include an overview of the main reference systems and planetary models, a description of the space environment, an introduction to orbital and attitude dynamics, and a survey on spacecraft sensors and actuators, with details of their modeling principles. Part 2 covers guidance, navigation, and control, including both on-board and ground-based methods. It also discusses classical and novel control techniques, failure detection isolation and recovery (FDIR) methodologies, GNC verification, validation, and on-board implementation. The final part 3 discusses AI and modern applications featuring different applicative scenarios, with particular attention on artificial intelligence and the possible benefits when applied to spacecraft GNC. In this part, GNC for small satellites and CubeSats is also discussed. Modern Spacecraft Guidance, Navigation, and Control: From System Modeling to AI and Innovative Applications is a valuable resource for aerospace engineers, GNC/AOCS engineers, avionic developers, and AIV/AIT technicians. Provides an overview of classical and modern GNC techniques, covering practical system modeling aspects and applicative cases Presents the most important artificial intelligence algorithms applied to present and future spacecraft GNC Describes classical and advanced techniques for GNC hardware and software verification and validation and GNC failure detection isolation and recovery (FDIR)

Download or read book Spacecraft Dynamics and Control written by Anton H. de Ruiter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the basics of spacecraft orbital dynamics plus attitude dynamics and control, using vectrix notation Spacecraft Dynamics and Control: An Introduction presents the fundamentals of classical control in the context of spacecraft attitude control. This approach is particularly beneficial for the training of students in both of the subjects of classical control as well as its application to spacecraft attitude control. By using a physical system (a spacecraft) that the reader can visualize (rather than arbitrary transfer functions), it is easier to grasp the motivation for why topics in control theory are important, as well as the theory behind them. The entire treatment of both orbital and attitude dynamics makes use of vectrix notation, which is a tool that allows the user to write down any vector equation of motion without consideration of a reference frame. This is particularly suited to the treatment of multiple reference frames. Vectrix notation also makes a very clear distinction between a physical vector and its coordinate representation in a reference frame. This is very important in spacecraft dynamics and control problems, where often multiple coordinate representations are used (in different reference frames) for the same physical vector. Provides an accessible, practical aid for teaching and self-study with a layout enabling a fundamental understanding of the subject Fills a gap in the existing literature by providing an analytical toolbox offering the reader a lasting, rigorous methodology for approaching vector mechanics, a key element vital to new graduates and practicing engineers alike Delivers an outstanding resource for aerospace engineering students, and all those involved in the technical aspects of design and engineering in the space sector Contains numerous illustrations to accompany the written text. Problems are included to apply and extend the material in each chapter Essential reading for graduate level aerospace engineering students, aerospace professionals, researchers and engineers.

Download or read book Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students written by Howard D. Curtis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the basic concepts of space mechanics. These include vector kinematics in three dimensions; Newton’s laws of motion and gravitation; relative motion; the vector-based solution of the classical two-body problem; derivation of Kepler’s equations; orbits in three dimensions; preliminary orbit determination; and orbital maneuvers. The book also covers relative motion and the two-impulse rendezvous problem; interplanetary mission design using patched conics; rigid-body dynamics used to characterize the attitude of a space vehicle; satellite attitude dynamics; and the characteristics and design of multi-stage launch vehicles. Each chapter begins with an outline of key concepts and concludes with problems that are based on the material covered. This text is written for undergraduates who are studying orbital mechanics for the first time and have completed courses in physics, dynamics, and mathematics, including differential equations and applied linear algebra. Graduate students, researchers, and experienced practitioners will also find useful review materials in the book. NEW: Reorganized and improved discusions of coordinate systems, new discussion on perturbations and quarternions NEW: Increased coverage of attitude dynamics, including new Matlab algorithms and examples in chapter 10 New examples and homework problems

Download or read book Spacecraft Trajectory Optimization written by Bruce A. Conway and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-23 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a long-overdue volume dedicated to space trajectory optimization. Interest in the subject has grown, as space missions of increasing levels of sophistication, complexity, and scientific return - hardly imaginable in the 1960s - have been designed and flown. Although the basic tools of optimization theory remain an accepted canon, there has been a revolution in the manner in which they are applied and in the development of numerical optimization. This volume purposely includes a variety of both analytical and numerical approaches to trajectory optimization. The choice of authors has been guided by the editor's intention to assemble the most expert and active researchers in the various specialities presented. The authors were given considerable freedom to choose their subjects, and although this may yield a somewhat eclectic volume, it also yields chapters written with palpable enthusiasm and relevance to contemporary problems.

Download or read book Spacecraft Trajectory Planning for Optimal Observability Using Angles only Navigation written by Francisco José Franquiz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work leverages existing techniques in angles-only navigation to develop optimal range observability maneuvers and trajectory planning methods for spacecraft under constrained relative motion. The resulting contribution is a guidance method for impulsive rendezvous and proximity operations valid for elliptic orbits of arbitrary eccentricity. The system dynamics describe the relative motion of an arbitrary number of maneuvering (chaser) spacecraft about a single non-cooperative resident-space-object (RSO). The chaser spacecraft motion is constrained in terms of the 1) collision bounds of the RSO, 2) maximum fuel usage, 3) eclipse avoidance, and 4) optical sensor field of view restrictions. When more than one chaser is present, additional constraints include 1) collision avoidance between formation members, and 2) formation longevity via fuel usage balancing. Depending on the type of planetary orbit, quasi-circular or elliptic, the relative motion dynamics are approximated using a linear time-invariant or a linear time-varying system, respectively. The proposed method uses two distinct parameterizations corresponding to each system type to reduce the optimization problem from 12 to 2 variables in Cartesian space, thus simplifying an otherwise intractable optimization problem."--Abstract.

Download or read book Fundamental Spacecraft Dynamics and Control written by Weiduo Hu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensive text reference includes around an asteroid – a new and important topic Covers the most updated contents in spacecraft dynamics and control, both in theory and application Introduces the application to motion around asteroids – a new and important topic Written by a very experienced researcher in this area

Download or read book On the Trajectory Design Guidance and Control for Spacecraft Rendezvous and Proximity Operations written by Georgia Iuliana Deaconu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent space missions rely more and more on the cooperation between different spacecraft in order to achieve a desired objective. Among the spacecraft proximity operations, the orbital rendezvous is a classical example that has generated a large amount of studies since the beginning of the space exploration. However, the motivations and objectives for the proximity operations have considerably changed. The need for higher autonomy, better security and lower costs prompts for the development of new guidance and control algorithms. The presence of different types of constraints and physical limitations also contributes to the increased complexity of the problem. In this challenging context, this dissertation represents a contribution to the development of new spacecraft guidance and control algorithms. The works presented in this dissertation are based on a structural analysis of the spacecraft relative dynamics. Using a simplified model, a new set of parametric expressions is developed for the relative motion. This parametrization is very well suited for the analysis of the geometric properties of periodic relative trajectories and for handling different types of state constraints. A formal connection is evidenced between the set of parameters that define constrained trajectories and the cone of positive semi-definite matrices. This result is exploited in the design of spacecraft relative trajectories for proximity operations, in the impulsive control framework. The resulting guidance algorithms enable the guaranteed continuous constraints satisfaction, while still relying on semi-definite programming tools. The problem of the robustness of the computed maneuvers with respect to navigation uncertainties is also addressed.

Download or read book Flexible Spacecraft Dynamics Control and Guidance written by Leonardo Mazzini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date compendium on spacecraft attitude and orbit control (AOC) that offers a systematic and complete treatment of the subject with the aim of imparting the theoretical and practical knowledge that is required by designers, engineers, and researchers. After an introduction on the kinematics of the flexible and agile space vehicles, the modern architecture and functions of an AOC system are described and the main AOC modes reviewed with possible design solutions and examples. The dynamics of the flexible body in space are then considered using an original Lagrangian approach suitable for the control applications of large space flexible structures. Subsequent chapters address optimal control theory, attitude control methods, and orbit control applications, including the optimal orbital transfer with finite and infinite thrust. The theory is integrated with a description of current propulsion systems, with the focus especially on the new electric propulsion systems and state of the art sensors and actuators.

Download or read book Orbital Relative Motion and Terminal Rendezvous written by Jean Albert Kéchichian and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of time-fixed terminal rendezvous around the Earth using chemical propulsion. The book has two main objectives. The first is to derive the mathematics of relative motion in near-circular orbit when subjected to perturbations emanating from the oblateness of the Earth, third-body gravity, and atmospheric drag. The mathematics are suitable for quick trajectory prediction and the creation of computer codes and efficient software to solve impulsive maneuvers and fly rendezvous missions. The second objective of this book is to show how the relative motion theory is applied to the exact precision-integrated, long-duration, time-fixed terminal rendezvous problem around the oblate Earth for the general elliptic orbit case. The contents are both theoretical and applied, with long-lasting value for aerospace engineers, trajectory designers, professors of orbital mechanics, and students at the graduate level and above.

Download or read book Dynamics and Control of Autonomous Space Vehicles and Robotics written by Ranjan Vepa and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the established principles underpinning space robotics with a thorough and modern approach. This text is perfect for professionals in the field looking to gain an understanding of real-life applications of manipulators on satellites, and of the dynamics of satellites carrying robotic manipulators and of planetary rovers.

Download or read book A Technique for Passive Attitude Control of Solar Oriented Interplanetary Spacecraft written by Vernon K. Merrick and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predictive Control for Spacecraft Rendezvous written by Afonso Botelho and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-24 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief addresses the design of model predictive control algorithms for performing space rendezvous manoeuvres. It consolidates developments within guidance and control algorithms, with the aim of improving the efficiency, safety, and autonomy of these manoeuvres. The brief presents several applications of model predictive control to rendezvous manoeuvres, including Ankersen zero-order-hold particular solution1, which provides a realistic thrust profile. It offers new approaches for rendezvous manoeuvres in elliptical orbits, formulating obstacle avoidance constraints, passive safety constraints, and robustness techniques. It also compares finite-horizon and variable-horizon formulations for model predictive control in the context of performance and computational complexity. Predictive Control for Spacecraft Rendezvous is accessible to academics and students new to the topics of orbital rendezvous and model predictive control, but also presents compelling subject matter for researchers and professionals in the aerospace industry.

Download or read book Spacecraft Dynamics and Control written by Marcel J. Sidi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-07-03 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellites are used increasingly in telecommunications, scientific research, surveillance, and meteorology, and these satellites rely heavily on the effectiveness of complex onboard control systems. This 1997 book explains the basic theory of spacecraft dynamics and control and the practical aspects of controlling a satellite. The emphasis throughout is on analyzing and solving real-world engineering problems. For example, the author discusses orbital and rotational dynamics of spacecraft under a variety of environmental conditions, along with the realistic constraints imposed by available hardware. Among the topics covered are orbital dynamics, attitude dynamics, gravity gradient stabilization, single and dual spin stabilization, attitude maneuvers, attitude stabilization, and structural dynamics and liquid sloshing.