Download or read book Optimal Energy to Lysine Ratio for Performance of Broilers from Day old to 21 Days of Age written by Bilqees Mahomed and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seven day period post hatching is considered critical as it is thought to account for 8-10% of the final body weight of broilers at 40 days of age. The digestive capacity of newly hatched chicks is quite low, and increases with age to support growth. By meeting the nutritional requirements of the young chick, broiler performance may be improved throughout the production cycle by means of carryover effects. Not only will this increase the return of investment on feed costs but will also reduce the negative environmental effects that result from broiler production. Despite models using 21 day old birds having proven to yield better estimates of nutritional requirements during the early feeding phase, birds older than 40 days of age are still widely used in models for determination thereof. This trial was conducted in an effort to identify the optimal dietary energy (metabolisable energy) to protein ratio (expressed on the basis of total lysine) for Ross 308 broiler chicks from 0 to 21 days of age. Birds were provided with 12 treatments comprising of three metabolisable energy (ME) levels (11.31, 12.13 and 12.97 MJ/kg) in combinations with four total lysine (TLys) levels (1.3%, 1.4%, 1.6% and 1.7%). Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Following the experimental feeding phase, all birds were fed the same Grower, Finisher and Post-finisher diets until slaughter at 35 days of age. At day twenty-one of the trial, two male birds were randomly selected from each pen, euthanised and these carcasses were analysed for crude fat, fibre and protein. Body weight, feed intake and mortality were measured on days zero, three, seven, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of the trial. Optimal broiler growth was found at TLys1.4 with no differences between ME levels. However, at the lowest TLys level body weight (BW) improved with every increase in ME level. Body weight gain (BWG) was similarly favoured by TLys1.4 during the experimental feeding phase but an inversed effect was observed in the carryover phase, where improved BWG was noted at high TLys levels and low ME levels. Feed intake (FI) was more influenced by TLys than ME levels, with increased FI when TLys increased from TLys1.3 to 1.4 at ME 11.30 and 12.13. Resultant 35 day feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not improve beyond TLys1.4 and differences due to ME levels were only observed at the lowest and highest TLys levels (ME 11.30 being the least favourable). No treatment effects were observed for mortality. The calculated performance efficiency factor (PEF) of the broilers in this study was maximised at TLys1.4 with no differences between ME levels; however, these results were matched when TLys1.3 was combined with ME 11.30. Carcass fat was observed to decrease with increasing TLys levels across all ME levels and carcass protein conformed to expected trends by increasing with increased TLys levels. Results based on broiler performance suggest that TLys of 1.4% in combination with ME levels as low as 11.30 MJ/kg may be successfully used in the early feeding phase.

Download or read book The Amino Acid Maintenance and Growth Requirements of Male Broilers written by Milan Hrubý and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimal Energy to Total Lys Ratios for Broiler Performance from Day Old to 35 Days of Age written by Franscois Crots and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Dietary Crude Protein Level on the Lysine Requirements of Young Broiler Chickens written by Maria Urdaneta Rincon and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2003 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lysine and Arginine Requirements of Broiler Chickens to Eight Weeks of Age written by Mario C. Labadan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poultry Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lysine Arginine Isoleucine and Valine Need of Broiler Males from 42 to 56 Days of Age written by Alejandro Corzo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Protein amino Acids Supplementation on Immune Response of Broilers written by Simiat Ogunbode and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-25 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supply of the recommended Crude Protein (CP) in the diet gives good performance of broilers but introduces excess nitrogen from the undigested protein through droppings into the environment. Lowering CP in broiler diets is currently being advocated. However, lower CP levels could lead to reduced performance and compromise the birds' immune system. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of enhancing low CP diets with methionine, lysine and Ideal Methionine to Lysine Ratio (IMLR) in broilers. Three hundred and twenty one-day old broilers were randomly allotted to ten diets consisting of a control (23.0% CP and 0.6% Methionine) and nine test diets (3x3 factorial) containing 20, 17 and 14% CP. Each of the nine test diets contained methionine levels of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4% using completely randomized design. The experiment lasted six weeks. Also, 160 one-day old broilers were randomly allotted to 10 diets for five weeks with the same CP levels but 1.2, 1.6 and 2.0% for lysine. Similarly, 160 one-day old broilers were randomly allotted to 10 diets for five weeks with the same CP level. Then 47, 52 and 57% IMLR levels were included in the diets.

Download or read book Poultry Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 5 includes a separately paged special issue, dated June 1926.

Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Poultry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic reference for poultry nutrition has been updated for the first time since 1984. The chapter on general considerations concerning individual nutrients and water has been greatly expanded and includes, for the first time, equations for predicting the energy value of individual feed ingredients from their proximate composition. This volume includes the latest information on the nutrient requirements of meat- and egg-type chickens, incorporating data on brown-egg strains, turkeys, geese, ducks, pheasants, Japanese quail, and Bobwhite quail. This publication also contains new appendix tables that document in detail the scientific information used to derive the nutrient requirements appearing in the summary tables for each species of bird.

Download or read book Determining an Optimal Lysine written by Irmarie Taljaard and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intense genetic selection for reduced back fat thickness and improved feed utilisation in pigs has resulted in modern genotypes with high lean gain potential, which now deposit a greater amount of lean tissue at faster rates than 20 years ago. As a consequence, to allow pigs to reach their genetic potential for a high capacity of lean tissue gain, higher levels of lysine relative to energy must be fed. The lysine: energy ratio can be largely influenced by genotype, sex, age and health status of the pig. Thus, continues efforts are required to characterise the effects of increasing dietary lysine in evolving modern pig genotypes reared in commercial production environments. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal lysine: energy ratio required for lean growth of a modern pig genotype (PIC337), as well as to determine the growth performance potential under typical commercial conditions. One-hundred-and-eighty PIC337 entire male pigs were used in an experiment with a 2x3 factorial arrangement, including 2 energy levels (2560 kcal NE/kg and 2161 kcal NE/kg) and 3 lysine levels (80%, 100%, 120% of PIC recommendations) in the feed. Thirty-six pens, with 5 pigs per pen, were randomly allocated to 6 treatments (n=6 replicates/treatment). The boars were 9 weeks (63 days) of age at the start of the trial and reared for a period of 17 weeks until slaughter under typical commercial conditions. Average feed intake per pen was measured weekly and all pigs were weighed bi-weekly along with P2 back fat measurements. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The trial continued until 26 weeks (182 days) of age after which all the boars were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics, including hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, drip loss %, pH initial, pH ultimate, carcass temperatures as well as back fat thickness. During the grower phase (9 to 18 weeks of age), energy had a significant effect (P 0.05) on body weight gain and FCR, but had no effect (P 0.05) on ADG or ADFI. During the same phase, standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine had no significant effect (P >0.05) on body weight gain, ADG or ADFI, but had a significant effect (P 0.05) on FCR. Lysine: NE ratio had a significant effect (P

Download or read book Determination of Methionine and Lysine Requirements of Growing Broilers Using the Ideal Protein Concept written by Changji Lu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of broiler performance to Lysine (Lys) and Methionine (Met) during the starter, grower, and finisher feeding phases. All the experimental diets were formulated based on the Ideal Protein Concept. Experiment 1 evaluated the responses to Lys and Met on live performance of young broiler chickens from 0 to 18 d of age. The mean amino acid ratios to Lys suggested by literature values were used in the formulation based on the Ideal Protein Concept. Six levels of Lys and eight levels of supplemental Met were used in the diets resulting in a total of 48 experimental treatments. There were significant effects of Lys levels and added Met levels on feed intake (FI), body weight (BW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P≤0.05). Significant interactions were also observed between Lys and added Met in response to these parameters (P≤0.05). There were differences in the estimated ratios of Met or total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) to Lys required for optimizing FI, BW, and FCR for chicks fed different Lys levels. These results indicated that the optimal ratios of indispensable amino acids to Lys may depend on dietary Lys level in the diet. Experiment 2 evaluated the response to Lys and Met in diets on live performance of young broiler chickens during the grower period of 14-35 d. Experimental diets were designed similarly as the experiment 1 with six levels of Lys and eight levels of supplemental Met. Two consecutive trials using the same experimental diets were conducted with identical design. There were significant effects of dietary Lys levels on FI, BW and FCR (P≤0.05), with optimal Lys level for FI, BW and FCR of 1.20, 1.10 and 1.12, respectively. There were significant effects of added Met levels on BW and FCR (P≤0.05). No significant interactions between Lys and Met were observed based on FI, BW and FCR. There were differences in the estimated ratios of Met or TSAA to Lys required for optimizing FI, BW, and FCR for broiler chickens fed different Lys levels. Results of this study suggest that the response to variation in Lys level is independent of Met level and optimal ratio of Met or TSAA to Lys varies with different dietary Lys level in the diets. Experiment 3 was conducted to evaluate the response to Lys and Met in diets on live performance of broiler chickens during the finisher period of 35-49 d. Similar design as the previous two experiments was used with six levels of Lys and four levels of supplemental Met. There were significant effects of dietary Lys levels on body weight gain (BWG) and FCR, with optimal Lys level for BWG and FCR of 1.01 and 1.05, respectively. There was a significant effect of supplemental Met on FCR. No significant interactions were observed between Lys and supplemental Met for FI, BWG, and FCR. Increasing Lys level significantly improved dressing percentage and breast meat yield. There were differences in the estimated ratios of Met or TSAA to Lys required for optimizing FI, BWG, and FCR for broiler chickens fed different Lys levels. Results of this study suggest that the response to variation in Lys level is independent of Met level in broiler finisher diets and that the ideal amino acid profile may depend on the Lys level in the diets. In conclusion, the ideal ratios of Met and TSAA to Lys based on the Ideal Protein Concept vary for broiler chickens fed different Lys level in the diets at each of the growing phases.

Download or read book Commercial Poultry Nutrition written by S. Leeson and published by Nottingham University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a variety of essential topics relating to commercial poultry nutrition and production—including feeding systems and poultry diets—this complete reference is ideal for professionals in the poultry-feed industries, veterinarians, nutritionists, and farm managers. Detailed and accessible, the guide analyzes commercial poultry production at a worldwide level and outlines the importance it holds for maintaining essential food supplies. With ingredient evaluations and diet formulations, the study's compressive models for feeding programs target a wide range of commercially prominent poultry, including laying hens, broiler chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and game birds, among others.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Turkey Science written by C. Nixey and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1989 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on papers given at the 21st Poultry Science Symposium, Newport, Shropshire, UK, Sept. 1987. It is quite a thorough account of new developments in turkey science. Recent years have seen a huge increase in the production and consumption of turkey meat. This book gathers much of the important work concerning the breeding, growing and health of turkeys. The final part of the book deals with meat production. Topics include: the world turkey industry, genetics, physiology of egg production, embryology, nutrition and management of breeding stock, biology of growth, the physiology of muscle growth, nutritional and environmental responses of growing turkeys, respiratory diseases and enteric conditions of turkeys, meat yield, texture flavor and taint. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Chicken Nutrition written by Rick Kleyn and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: