Download or read book Optical Switching in Low Dimensional Systems written by Hartmut Haug and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains all the papers presented at the NATO workshop on "Optical Switching in Low Dimensional Systems" held in Marbella, Spain from October 6th to 8th, 1988. Optical switching is a basic function for optical data processing, which is of technological interest because of its potential parallelism and its potential speed. Semiconductors which exhibit resonance enhanced optical nonlinearities in the frequency range close to the band edge are the most intensively studied materials for optical bistability and fast gate operation. Modern crystal growth techniques, particularly molecular beam epitaxy, allow the manufacture of semiconductor microstructures such as quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots in which the electrons are only free to move in two, one or zero dimensions, of the optically excited electron-hole pairs in these low respectively. The spatial confinement dimensional structures gives rise to an enhancement of the excitonic nonlinearities. Furthermore, the variations of the microstruture extensions, of the compositions, and of the doping offer great new flexibility in engineering the desired optical properties. Recently, organic chain molecules (such as polydiacetilene) which are different realizations of one dimensional electronic systems, have been shown also to have interesting optical nonlinearities. Both the development and study of optical and electro-optical devices, as well as experimental and theoretical investigations of the underlying optical nonlinearities, are contained in this book.

Download or read book Lower Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics written by Robert M. Metzger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the written account of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics" held at Hotel Spetses, Spetses Island, Greece from 12 June to 23 June 1989. The goal of the Institute was to demonstrate the breadth of chemical and physical knowledge that has been acquired in the last 20 years in inorganic and organic crystals, polymers, and thin films, which exhibit phenomena of reduced dimensionality. The interest in these systems started in the late 1960's with lower-dimensional inorganic conductors, in the early 1970's with quasi-one-dimensional crystalline organic conductors. which by 1979 led to the first organic superconductors, and, in 1977, to the fITSt conducting polymers. The study of monolayer films (Langmuir-Blodgett films) had progressed since the 1930's, but reached a great upsurge in . the early 1980's. The pursuit of non-linear optical phenomena became increasingly popular in the early 1980's, as the attention turned from inorganic crystals to organic films and polymers. And in the last few years the term "moleculw' electronics" has gained ever-increasing acceptance, although it is used in several contexts. We now have organic superconductors with critical temperatures in excess of 10 K, conducting polymers that are soluble and processable, and used commercially; we have films of a few monolayers that have high in-plane electrical conductivity, and polymers that show great promise in photonics; we even have a few devices that function almost at the molecular level.

Download or read book Growth and Optical Properties of Wide Gap II VI Low Dimensional Semiconductors written by T.C. McGill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Growth and Optical Properties of Wide Gap II-VI Low Dimensional Semiconductors", held from 2 - 6 August 1988 in Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany, under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Programme. Semiconducting compounds formed by combining an element from column II of the periodic table with an element from column VI (so called II-VI Semiconductors) have long promised many optoelectronic devices operating in the visible region of the spectrum. However, these materials have encountered numerous problems including: large number of defects and difficulties in obtaining p- and n-type doping. Advances in new methods of material preparation may hold the key to unlocking the unfulfilled promises. During the workshop a full session was taken up covering the prospects for wide-gap II-VI Semiconductor devices, particularly light emitting ones. The growth of bulk materials was reviewed with the view of considering II-VI substrates for the novel epitaxial techniques such as MOCVD, MBE, ALE, MOMBE and ALE-MBE. The controlled introduction of impurities during non-equilibrium growth to provide control of the doping type and conductivity was emphasized.

Download or read book Progress in Nanoscale and Low Dimensional Materials and Devices written by Hilmi Ünlü and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-18 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes most recent progress in the properties, synthesis, characterization, modelling, and applications of nanomaterials and nanodevices. It begins with the review of the modelling of the structural, electronic and optical properties of low dimensional and nanoscale semiconductors, methodology of synthesis, and characterization of quantum dots and nanowires, with special attention towards Dirac materials, whose electrical conduction and sensing properties far exceed those of silicon-based materials, making them strong competitors. The contributed reviews presented in this book touch on broader issues associated with the environment, as well as energy production and storage, while highlighting important achievements in materials pertinent to the fields of biology and medicine, exhibiting an outstanding confluence of basic physical science with vital human endeavor. The subjects treated in this book are attractive to the broader readership of graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, as well as in electrical, chemical, biological, and mechanical engineering. Seasoned researchers and experts from the semiconductor/device industry also greatly benefit from the book’s treatment of cutting-edge application studies.

Download or read book Low Dimensional Structures in Semiconductors written by A.R. Peaker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a sequence of reviews presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Low Dimensional Structures in Semiconductors ... from Basic Physics to Applications.' This was part of the International School of Materials Science and 1990 at the Ettore Majorana Centre in Sicily. Technology held in July Only a few years ago, Low Dimensional Structures was an esoteric concept, but now it is apparent they are likely to playa major role in the next generation of electronic devices. The theme of the School acknowledged this rapidly developing maturity.' The contributions to the volume consider not only the essential physics, but take a wider view of the topic, starting from material growth and processing, then prog ressing right through to applications with some discussion of the likely use of low dimensional devices in systems. The papers are arranged into four sections, the first of which deals with basic con cepts of semiconductor and low dimensional systems. The second section is on growth and fabrication, reviewing MBE and MOVPE methods and discussing the achievements and limitations of techniques to reduce structures into the realms of one and zero dimensions. The third section covers the crucial issue of interfaces while the final section deals with devices and device physics.

Download or read book Condensed Systems of Low Dimensionality written by J.L. Beeby and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Special Programme Panel on Condensed Systems of Low Dimensionality began its work in 1985 at a time of considerable activity in the field. The Panel has since funded many Advanced Research Workshops, Advanced Study Institutes, Cooperative Research Grants and Research Visits across the breadth of its remit, which stretches from self-organizing organic molecules to semiconductor structures having two, one and zero dimensions. The funded activities, especially the workshops, have allowed researchers from within NATO countries to exchange ideas and work together at a period of development of the field when such interactions are most valuable. Such timely support has undoubtedly assisted the development of national programs, particularly in the countries of the alliance wishing to strengthen their science base. A closing Workshop to mark the end of the Panel's activities was organized in Marmaris, Turkey from April 23-27, 1990, with the same title as the Panel: Condensed systems of Low Dimensionality. This volume contains papers presented at that meeting, which sought to bring together chemists, physicists and engineers from across the spectrum of the Panel's activities to discuss topics of current interest in their special fields and to exchange ideas about the effects of low dimensionality. As the following pages show, this is a topic of extraordinary interest and challenge which produces entirely new scientific phenomena, and at the same time offers the possibility of novel technological applications.

Download or read book Physics of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Structures written by Paul N. Butcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest advances in artificial structures, this volume discusses in-depth the structure and electron transport mechanisms of quantum wells, superlattices, quantum wires, and quantum dots. It will serve as an invaluable reference and review for researchers and graduate students in solid-state physics, materials science, and electrical and electronic engineering.

Download or read book Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Nanotechnology and Information Science written by Yehuda B. Band and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum mechanics transcends and supplants classical mechanics at the atomic and subatomic levels. It provides the underlying framework for many subfields of physics, chemistry and materials science, including condensed matter physics, atomic physics, molecular physics, quantum chemistry, particle physics, and nuclear physics. It is the only way we can understand the structure of materials, from the semiconductors in our computers to the metal in our automobiles. It is also the scaffolding supporting much of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The purpose of this book is to present the fundamentals of quantum theory within a modern perspective, with emphasis on applications to nanoscience and nanotechnology, and information-technology. As the frontiers of science have advanced, the sort of curriculum adequate for students in the sciences and engineering twenty years ago is no longer satisfactory today. Hence, the emphasis on new topics that are not included in older reference texts, such as quantum information theory, decoherence and dissipation, and on applications to nanotechnology, including quantum dots, wires and wells. This book provides a novel approach to Quantum Mechanics whilst also giving readers the requisite background and training for the scientists and engineers of the 21st Century who need to come to grips with quantum phenomena The fundamentals of quantum theory are provided within a modern perspective, with emphasis on applications to nanoscience and nanotechnology, and information-technology Older books on quantum mechanics do not contain the amalgam of ideas, concepts and tools necessary to prepare engineers and scientists to deal with the new facets of quantum mechanics and their application to quantum information science and nanotechnology As the frontiers of science have advanced, the sort of curriculum adequate for students in the sciences and engineering twenty years ago is no longer satisfactory today There are many excellent quantum mechanics books available, but none have the emphasis on nanotechnology and quantum information science that this book has

Download or read book Fabrication Properties and Applications of Low Dimensional Semiconductors written by M. Balkanski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recent major development in high technology, and one which bears considerable industrial potential, is the advent of low-dimensional semiconductor quantum structures. The research and development activity in this field is moving fast and it is thus important to afford scientists and engineers the opportunity to get updated by the best experts in the field. The present book draws together the latest developments in the fabrication technology of quantum structures, as well as a competent and extensive review of their fundamental properties and some remarkable applications. The book is based on a set of lectures that introduce different aspects of the basic knowledge available, it has a tutorial content and could be used as a textbook. Each aspect is reviewed, from elementary concepts up to the latest developments. Audience: Undergraduates and graduates in electrical engineering and physics schools. Also for active scientists and engineers, updating their knowledge and understanding of the frontiers of the technology.

Download or read book Science and Engineering of One and Zero Dimensional Semiconductors written by Steven P. Beaumont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Science and Engineering of 1- and O-dimensional semiconductors held at the University of Cadiz from 29th March to 1st April 1989, under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Program. There is a wealth of scientific activity on the properties of two-dimensional semiconductors arising largely from the ease with which such structures can now be grown by precision epitaxy techniques or created by inversion at the silicon-silicon dioxide interface. Only recently, however, has there burgeoned an interest in the properties of structures in which carriers are further confined with only one or, in the extreme, zero degrees of freedom. This workshop was one of the first meetings to concentrate almost exclusively on this subject: that the attendance of some forty researchers only represented the community of researchers in the field testifies to its rapid expansion, which has arisen from the increasing availability of technologies for fabricating structures with small enough (sub - O. I/tm) dimensions. Part I of this volume is a short section on important topics in nanofabrication. It should not be assumed from the brevity of this section that there is little new to be said on this issue: rather that to have done justice to it would have diverted attention from the main purpose of the meeting which was to highlight experimental and theoretical research on the structures themselves.

Download or read book Semiconductor Laser Fundamentals written by Weng W. Chow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This in-depth title discusses the underlying physics and operational principles of semiconductor lasers. It analyzes the optical and electronic properties of the semiconductor medium in detail, including quantum confinement and gain-engineering effects. The text also includes recent developments in blue-emitting semiconductor lasers.

Download or read book Guidelines for Mastering the Properties of Molecular Sieves written by Denise Barthomeuf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low dimensionality is a multifarious concept which applies to very diversified materials. Thus, examples of low-dimensional systems are structures with one or several layers, single lines or patterns of lines, and small clusters isolated or dispersed in solid systems. Such low dimensional features can be produced in a wide variety of materials systems with a broad spectrum of scientific and practical interests. These features, in turn, induce specific properties and, particularly, specific transport properties. In the case of zeolites, low dimensionality appears in the network of small-diameter pores of molecular size, extending in one, two or three di mensions, that these solids exhibit as a characteristic feature and which explains the term of "molecular sieves" currently used to name these ma terials. Indeed, a large number of industrial processes for separation of gases and liquids, and for catalysis are based upon the use of this low dimensional feature in zeolites. For instance, zeolites constitute the first class of catalysts employed allover the world. Because of the peculiarity and flexibility of their structure (and composition), zeolites can be adapted to suit many specific and diversified applications. For this reason, zeolites are presently the object of a large and fast-growing interest among chemists and chemical engineers.

Download or read book Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimensions written by Dionys Baeriswyl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As its name suggests, the 1988 workshop on "Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimen the wide variety of physical effects that are associated with (possibly sions" focused on strongly) correlated electrons interacting in quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional mate rials. Among the phenomena discussed were superconductivity, magnetic ordering, the metal-insulator transition, localization, the fractional Quantum Hall effect (QHE), Peierls and spin-Peierls transitions, conductance fluctuations and sliding charge-density (CDW) and spin-density (SDW) waves. That these effects appear most pronounced in systems of reduced dimensionality was amply demonstrated at the meeting. Indeed, when concrete illustrations were presented, they typically involved chain-like materials such as conjugated polymers, inorganic CDW systems and organie conductors, or layered materials such as high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors, certain of the organic superconductors, and the QHE samples, or devices where the electrons are confined to a restricted region of sample, e. g. , the depletion layer of a MOSFET. To enable this broad subject to be covered in thirty-five lectures (and ab out half as many posters), the workshop was deliberately focused on theoretical models for these phenomena and on methods for describing as faithfully as possible the "true" behav ior of these models. This latter emphasis was especially important, since the inherently many-body nature of problems involving interacting electrons renders conventional effec tive single-particle/mean-field methods (e. g. , Hartree-Fock or the local-density approxi mation in density-functional theory) highly suspect. Again, this is particularly true in reduced dimensions, where strong quantum fluctuations can invalidate mean-field results.

Download or read book Optical Properties and Applications of Semiconductors written by Inamuddin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductors with optical characteristics have found widespread use in evolving semiconductor photovoltaics, where optical features are important. The industrialization of semiconductors and their allied applications have paved the way for optical measurement techniques to be used in new ways. Due to their unique properties, semiconductors are key components in the daily employed technologies in healthcare, computing, communications, green energy, and a range of other uses. This book examines the fundamental optical properties and applications of semiconductors. It summarizes the information as well as the optical characteristics and applicability of semiconductors through an in-depth review of the literature. Accomplished experts in the field share their knowledge and examine new developments. FEATURES Comprehensive coverage of all types of optical applications using semiconductors Explores relevant composite materials and devices for each application Addresses the optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductors Describes new developments in the field and future potential applications Optical Properties and Applications of Semiconductors is a comprehensive reference and an invaluable resource for engineers, scientists, academics, and industry R&D teams working in applied physics.

Download or read book Dynamics of Magnetic Fluctuations in High Temperature Superconductors written by George Reiter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This NATO Advanced Research Workshop was held at a time when there was little consensus as to the mechanism for high temperature superconductivity, in the context of a world undergoing major changes in its political alignments and sense of the possibility for the future. It was characterized by generosity in the sharing of our uncertainties and speculations, as was appropriate for both the subject matter and the context. The workshop was organized, of necessity around the experimental work, as is this volume. Where the theoretical work is directly relevant to particular experiments, it is included in the appropriate sections with them. Most of the participants felt strongly that magnetic fluctuations played an important role in the mechanism for high T c, although with the exception of the IlS R work reported by Luke showing results inconsistent with the anyon picture, and the work on flux phases by Lederer, the mechanism remained an issue in the background. A major focus was the phenomenological interpretation of the NMR data.

Download or read book Point and Extended Defects in Semiconductors written by Giorgio Benedek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The systematic study of defects in semiconductors began in the early fifties. FrQm that time on many questions about the defect structure and properties have been an swered, but many others are still a matter of investigation and discussion. Moreover, during these years new problems arose in connection with the identification and char acterization of defects, their role in determining transport and optical properties of semiconductor materials and devices, as well as from the technology of the ever in creasing scale of integration. This book presents to the reader a view into both basic concepts of defect physics and recent developments of high resolution experimental techniques. The book does not aim at an exhaustive presentation of modern defect physics; rather it gathers a number of topics which represent the present-time research in this field. The volume collects the contributions to the Advanced Research Workshop "Point, Extended and Surface Defects in Semiconductors" held at the Ettore Majo rana Centre at Erice (Italy) from 2 to 7 November 1988, in the framework of the International School of Materials Science and Technology. The workshop has brought together scientists from thirteen countries. Most participants are currently working on defect problems in either silicon submicron technology or in quantum wells and superlattices, where point defects, dislocations, interfaces and surfaces are closely packed together.

Download or read book Evaluation of Advanced Semiconductor Materials by Electron Microscopy written by David Cherns and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few years have ~een rapid improvements in semiconductor growth techniques which have produced an expanding range of high quality heterostructures for new semiconductor devises. As the dimensions of such structures approach the nanometer level, it becomes increasingly important to characterise materials properties such as composition uniformity, strain, interface sharpness and roughness and the nature of defects, as well as their influence on electrical and optical properties. Much of this information is being obtained by electron microscopy and this is also an area of rapid progress. There have been advances for thin film studies across a wide range of techniques, including, for example, convergent beam electron diffraction, X-ray and electron energy loss microanalysis and high spatial resolution cathodoluminescence as well as by conventional and high resolution methods. Important develop ments have also occurred in the study of surfaces and film growth phenomena by both microscopy and diffraction techniques. With these developments in mind, an application was made to the NATO Science Committee in late summer 1987 to fund an Advanced Research Work shop to review the electron microscopy of advanced semiconductors. This was subsequently accepted for the 1988 programme and became the "NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Evaluation of Advanced Semiconductor Materials by Electron Microscopy". The Workshop took place in the pleasant and intimate surroundings of Wills Hall, Bristol, UK, during the week 11-17 September 1988 and was attended by fifty-five participants from fourteen countries.