Download or read book Optical Studies of Conducting Polymers in Metallic and Semiconducting Doped States written by Alexey V. Saprigin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A study of electromagnetic response was performed at direct current (DC), microwave (6.5 GHz) and optical (15-40,000 cm−1) frequencies on poly(3,4-alkylenedi-oxythiophenes) (PADOTs) doped with various dopants near the insulator-metal transition together with structural studies (X-ray diffraction). We find these materials to be inhomogeneous, i.e. to have well defined crystalline regions within amorphous media. The transport measurements indicate that the properties of PADOTs vary from insulating to metallic. The metallic state of PADOTs follows trends found previously for the metallic polyaniline and polypyrrole thus confirming the universality of the metallic state for conducting polymers. The features of this state are the positive temperature coefficient of reduced activation energy, negative dielectric response at mw and far infrared frequencies, unique frequency dependence of the dielectric function and optical conductivity. A chain-linked network of metallic grains model is used in the discussion of experimental results. Within this model the transport in metallic conducting polymers is described by three basic electronic processes: intragrain scattering, diffusive spreading within the grains and the resonance hopping between the grains. The latter process is responsible for the negative dielectric response and very long relaxation times characteristic for the metallic state of the conducting polymers.
Download or read book Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers written by Alan J. Heeger and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique properties of conducting and semiconducting (conjugated) polymers make them one of the most attractive areas of interdisciplinary materials science and technology. Written by a pioneer in the field, this book is the first aimed at teaching graduate students, postdoctoral scientists, and specialists in industry about this exciting field.
Download or read book Conjugated Conducting Polymers written by Helmut Kiess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current understanding of electronic, optical and magnetic properties of conjugated polymers in both the semiconducting and metallic states. It introduces in particular novel phenomena and concepts in these quasi one-dimensional materials that differ from the well-established concepts valid for crystalline semiconductors. After a brief introductory chapter, the second chapter presents basic theore tical concepts and treats in detail the various models for n-conjugated polymers and the computational methods required to derive observable quantities. Specific spatially localized structures, often referred to as solitons, polarons and bipolarons, result naturally from the interaction between n-electrons and lattice displacements. For a semi-quantitative understanding of the various measure ments, electron-electron interactions have to be incorporated in the models; this in turn makes the calculations rather complicated. The third chapter is devoted to the electrical properties of these materials. The high metallic conductivity achieved by doping gave rise to the expression conducting polymers, which is often used for such materials even when they are in their semiconducting or insulating state. Although conductivity is one of the most important features, the reader will learn how difficult it is to draw definite conclusions about the nature of the charge carriers and the microscopic transport mechanism solely from electrical measurements. Optical properties are discussed in the fourth chapter.
Download or read book Optical Studies of The Metallic State in Conducting Polymers written by Randolph S. Kohlman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optics of Conducting Polymer Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Shangzhi Chen and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intrinsically conducting polymers forms a category of doped conjugated polymers that can conduct electricity. Since their discovery in the late 1970s, they have been widely applied in many fields, ranging from optoelectronic devices to biosensors. The most common type of conducting polymers is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), or PEDOT. PEDOT has been popularly used as electrodes for solar cells or light-emitting diodes, as channels for organic electrochemical transistors, and as p-type legs for organic thermoelectric generators. Although many studies have been dedicated to PEDOT-based materials, there has been a lack of a unified model to describe their optical properties across different spectral ranges. In addition, the interesting optical properties of PEDOT-based materials, benefiting from its semi-metallic character, have only been rarely studied and utilized, and could potentially enable new applications. Plasmonics is a research field focusing on interactions between light and metals, such as the noble metals (gold and silver). It has enabled various opportunities in fundamental photonics as well as practical applications, varying from biosensors to colour displays. This thesis explores highly conducting polymers as alternatives to noble metals and as a new type of active plasmonic materials. Despite high degrees of microstructural disorder, conducting polymers can possess electrical conductivity approaching that of poor metals, with particularly high conductivity for PEDOT deposited via vapour phase polymerization (VPP). In this thesis, we systematically studied the optical and structural properties of VPP PEDOT thin films and their nanostructures for plasmonics and other optical applications. We employed ultra-wide spectral range ellipsometry to characterize thin VPP PEDOT films and proposed an anisotropic Drude-Lorentz model to describe their optical conductivity, covering the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and terahertz ranges. Based on this model, PEDOT doped with tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) presented negative real permittivity in the near infrared range. While this indicated optical metallic character, the material also showed comparably large imaginary permittivity and associated losses. To better understand the VPP process, we carefully examined films with a collection of microstructural and spectroscopic characterization methods and found a vertical layer stratification in these polymer films. We unveiled the cause as related to unbalanced transport of polymerization precursors. By selection of suitable counterions, e.g., trifluoromethane sulfonate (OTf), and optimization of reaction conditions, we were able to obtain PEDOT films with electrical conductivity exceeding 5000 S/cm. In the near infrared range from 1 to 5 µm, these PEDOT:OTf films provided a well-defined plasmonic regime, characterized by negative real permittivity and lower magnitude imaginary component. Using a colloidal lithography-based approach, we managed to fabricate nanodisks of PEDOT:OTf and showed that they exhibited clear plasmonic absorption features. The experimental results matched theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. Benefiting from their mixed ionic-electronic conducting characters, such organic plasmonic materials possess redox-tunable properties that make them promising as tuneable optical nanoantennas for spatiotemporally dynamic systems. Finally, we presented a low-cost and efficient method to create structural colour surfaces and images based on UV-treated PEDOT films on metallic mirrors. The concept generates beautiful and vivid colours through-out the visible range utilizing a synergistic effect of simultaneously modulating polymer absorption and film thickness. The simplicity of the device structure, facile fabrication process, and tunability make this proof-of-concept device a potential candidate for future low-cost backlight-free displays and labels.
Download or read book Conjugated Conducting Polymers written by Helmut Kiess and published by . This book was released on 1992-07-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conducting Polymers written by Ram K. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conducting polymers are versatile materials that possess both the unique properties of polymeric materials (elastic behavior, reversible deformation, flexibility, etc.) and the ability to conduct electricity with bulk conductivities comparable to those of metals and semiconductors. Conducting Polymers: Chemistries, Properties and Biomedical Applications provides current, state-of-the-art knowledge of conducting polymers and their composites for biomedical applications. This book covers the fundamentals of conducting polymers, strategies to modify the structure of conducting polymers to make them biocompatible, and their applications in various biomedical areas such as drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial activities, biosensors, etc. FEATURES Covers the state-of-the-art progress on biodegradable conducting polymers for biomedical applications Presents synthesis, characterization, and applications of conducting polymers for various biomedical research Provides the fundamentals of biodegradation mechanisms and the role of conduction in biomedical devices Offers details of novel methods and advanced technologies used in biomedical applications using conducting polymers Highlights new directions for scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the chemistry, technologies, and applications of conducting polymers This book is essential reading for all academic and industrial researchers working in the fields of materials science, polymers, nanotechnology, and biomedical technology.
Download or read book Science and Applications of Conducting Polymers Papers from the Sixth European Industrial Workshop written by W.R. Salaneck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Applications of Conducting Polymers emphasizes potential industrial applications of conducting polymers. The papers presented discuss the basic physics and chemistry of conducting polymers, followed by an in-depth examination of applications. The book is ideal for researchers in polymer physics, electronics, optics, and semiconductor physics.
Download or read book Solitons Polarons in Conducting Polymers written by Lu Yu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1988 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyacetylence, (CH)x is the simplest conjugated polymer. Prestine polyacetylence is a good insulator, whereas its highly doped version exhibits metal-like electrical conductivity. This book gives a detailed introduction to this rapidly-developing field is given along with a collection of original papers. The main purpose is to help chemists and physicists grasp the main ideas and most important facts; an expert may also find it useful as a reference volume.
Download or read book Conducting Polymers written by György Inzelt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-08 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a systematic survey of the knowledge accumulated in this field in the last thirty years. It includes material on the thermodynamic aspects of the polymers, the theory of the mechanism of charge transport processes, and the chemical and physical properties of these compounds. Also covered are the techniques of characterization, the electrochemical methods of synthesis, and the application of these systems. Inzelt’s book is a must-read for electrochemists and others.
Download or read book Intrinsically Conducting Polymers An Emerging Technology written by M. Aldissi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the majority of the papers presented at the NATO Ad vanced Research Workshop (ARW) held in Burlington, Vermont, USA on October 12-15, 1992. This ARW was the first of its kind to address the subject of intrinsically conducting polymers with an emphasis on processing and technological applications. The NATO ARW format was followed in that the subjects addressed here were limited in number but discussed in detail with the attendance being limited to a small number of selected scientists. The ARW brought together lecturers who are leaders in their respective fields from a wide range of NATO and non-NATO countries (a total of 11 countries) with the support of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division and some support from Champlain Cable Corporation. The total number of par ticipants was 33 and the number of presentations was 24. The speakers were chosen based on the topics selected for this workshop and repre sented industry, universities and government laboratories. The field of conducting polymers has grown rapidly during the past few years with important developments in materials processing and fabrica tion that brought about active research programs focusing on the use of these polymers as "smart" materials in technological applications and devices in academic and industrial research laboratories.
Download or read book Doping in Conjugated Polymers written by Pradip Kar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-26 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An A-to-Z of doping including its definition, its importance, methods of measurement, advantages and disadvantages, properties and characteristics—and role in conjugated polymers The versatility of polymer materials is expanding because of the introduction of electro-active behavior into the characteristics of some of them. The most exciting development in this area is related to the discovery of intrinsically conductive polymers or conjugated polymers, which include such examples as polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene as well as their derivatives. "Synmet" or "synthetic metal" conjugated polymers, with their metallic characteristics, including conductivity, are of special interest to researchers. An area of limitless potential and application, conjugated polymers have sparked enormous interest, beginning in 2000 when the Nobel Prize for the discovery and development of electrically conducting conjugated polymers was awarded to three scientists: Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa. Conjugated polymers have a combination of properties—both metallic (conductivity) and polymeric; doping gives the conjugated polymer's semiconducting a wide range of conductivity, from insulating to low conducting. The doping process is a tested effective method for producing conducting polymers as semiconducting material, providing a substitute for inorganic semiconductors. Doping in Conjugated Polymers is the first book dedicated to the subject and offers a comprehensive A-to-Z overview. It details doping interaction, dopant types, doping techniques, and the influence of the dopant on applications. It explains how the performance of doped conjugated polymers is greatly influenced by the nature of the dopants and their level of distribution within the polymer, and shows how the electrochemical, mechanical, and optical properties of the doped conjugated polymers can be tailored by controlling the size and mobility of the dopants counter ions. The book also examines doping at the nanoscale, in particular, with carbon nanotubes. Readership The book will interest a broad range of researchers including chemists, electrochemists, biochemists, experimental and theoretical physicists, electronic and electrical engineers, polymer and materials scientists. It can also be used in both graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses on conjugated polymers and polymer technology.
Download or read book Self Doped Conducting Polymers written by Michael S. Freund and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-03-13 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-Doped Conducting Polymers provides an introduction to conducting polymers in general and self-doped conducting polymers in particular. This is followed by an in depth exploration of the synthesis, properties and utilization of several types of self-doped polymers. Optimization of self-doped polymers is also discussed.
Download or read book Ring containing Conjugated Polymers written by Yunzhang Wang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Conjugated polymers have been studied extensively in the last decade both in the doped conducting state and the undoped semiconducting or insulating form. For the doped conducting polymers, the nature of the metallic state upon doping and the dimensionality of the system have been a hot issue, with improvements in chemical processing playing the key role in clarifying them. For the undoped polymers, particularly the luminescent polymers, the nature of the electronic and optical processes occurring upon charge injection or photoexcitation have been under intense study be¬cause they reflect the underlying physics in conjugated polymer based light-emitting (electroluminescent) devices. In this dissertation, both issues are studied. In the conducting state, systematic charge transport and structural studies were performed on hydrochloric and camphor sulfonic acid doped polyaniline and its methyl derivative poly(o-toluidine) (POT) fibers to investigate the role of chemical processing and the nature of the metallic state in conducting polymers. The study shows that the charge transport properties are controlled by the local microstructural order whose formation is very sensitive to chemical processing conditions such as processing temperature, dopant and solvent used. The solvent, or the so-called secondary dopant, has been shown to play a critical role in improving the charge transport properties. As a result of improved chemical processing, high quality camphor sulfonic acid doped poly(o-toluidine) (POT-CSA) fibers have been prepared from m-cresol, enabling a direct experimental test of the random-dimer model (RDM), one of the models proposed to account for the metallic state in polyaniline. The results of the charge transport studies on the POT-CSA fibers and the dielectric response studies of the POT-CSA solutions in formic acid are clearly inconsistent with the RDM. In the semiconducting/insulating states, pyridine-based fluorescent polymers were used to study the electroluminescent processes and properties. Light-emitting diodes based on these polymers were fabricated and characterized in various device configurations. In addition, a new type of electroluminescent device, the symmetrically configured AC light-emitting (SCALE) device, is described. The mechanism for the SCALE device operation is discussed with the emphasis on the role of the interfaces.
Download or read book Handbook of Conducting Polymers 2 Volume Set written by Terje A. Skotheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-01-16 with total page 1692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how recent advances are fueling new possibilities in textiles, optics, electronics, and biomedicine! As the field of conjugated, electrically conducting, and electroactive polymers has grown, the Handbook of Conducting Polymers has been there to document and celebrate these changes along the way. Now split into two vo
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices Ten Volume Set written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-10-09 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 1: Semiconductors;Vol. 2: Semiconductors Devices;Vol. 3: High-Tc Superconductors and Organic Conductors; Vol. 4: Ferroelectrics and Dielectrics; Vol. 5: Chalcogenide Glasses and Sol-Gel Materials; Vol. 6 Nanostructured Materials; Vol. 7: Liquid Crystals, Display and Laser Materials; Vol. 8: Conducting Polymers; Vol. 9: Nonlinear Optical Materials; Volume 10: Light-Emitting Diodes, Lithium Batteries and Polymer Devices
