Download or read book Optical Spray Patternation of Gasoline Fuel Injectors written by Ryan M. Rudnitzki and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atomization and Sprays written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this long-time bestseller provides a framework for designing and understanding sprays for a wide array of engineering applications. The text contains correlations and design tools that can be easily understood and used in relating the design of atomizers to the resulting spray behavior. Written to be accessible to readers with a modest technical background, the emphasis is on application rather than in-depth theory. Numerous examples are provided to serve as starting points for using the information in the book. Overall, this is a thoroughly updated edition that still retains the practical focus and readability of the original work by Arthur Lefebvre.
Download or read book Fuel Injector Patternation Evaluation in Advanced Liquid Fueled High Pressure Gas Turbine Combustors Using Nonintrusive Optical Diagnostic Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Jet Fuel Spray Characterisation Using Optical Methods written by Rami Zakaria and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis was initiated by the need to develop a stable low vibration engine with a high power to weight ratio. A new rotary (Wankel) engine was chosen to meet these requirements. A further operating criterion was that the engine was required to use JP8 (aviation fuel). The difficulty created by the use of JP8 is that its combustion temperature is higher than other conventional fuels, and preheating is necessary, especially in the case of cold start. Thus, the question posed was, could a more appropriate and efficient method of fuel delivery be devised? This thesis presents the design and construction of a fluid spray visualisation system for investigating the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of fuel sprays using low injection pressure up to 10 bar (1 MPa). Laser imaging techniques have been used for data acquisition. The thesis has been divided into several aspects. Firstly, a background study of fluid sprays and fuel injection strategies was carried out. This has centred on the relationship between droplet size and the combustion process. It further investigated what differentiated the fuel delivery approach to Wankle from that to other engines. Secondly, two families of fuel injector were tested and evaluated within the optical engineering laboratory using deionised water (DI) water for safety reasons. The first family involved conventional gasoline injectors with several nozzle arrangements. The second family involved medical nebulisers with several nozzle diameters. The evaluation of the fuel injectors required developing a fluid delivery circuit, and a specific ECU (Electronic Control Unit) for controlling pulse delivery and imaging instrument. The company associated with the project then set up a test cell for performing experiments on JP8 fuel. The initial global visualisation of the jet spray was made using a conventional digital camera. This gave a measurement of the spray angle and penetration length. However, as the study moved to the more precise determination of the fuel spray particulate size, a specialised Nd:YAG laser based diagnostic was created combined with a long range diffraction limited microscope. Microscopic characterisation of the fuel sprays was carried out using a backlight shadowgraph method. The microscopic shadowgraphy method was applied successfully to resolve droplets larger than 4 microns in diameter. The spray development process during an individual fuel injection cycle was investigated, presenting the frequency response effect of electronic fuel injectors (EFI) on the spray characteristics when operating at high injection frequencies (0.25 -- 3.3 kHz). The velocity distribution during the different stages of an injection cycle was investigated using PIV. The influence of the injection pressure on the spray pattern and droplet size was also presented. Novel fluid atomisation systems were investigated for the capability of generating an optimum particulate distribution under low pressure. Finally, it was found that a new electronic medical nebuliser (micro--dispenser) could be used to deliver the fuel supply with the relevant particle size distribution at low flow rate and high injection frequency. However, as yet it has not been possible to apply this approach to the engine; it is hoped that it will yield a more efficient method of cold starting the engine. The characteristics of this atomiser can be applied to provide a controllable fuel supply approach for all rotary engines to improve their fuel efficiency. The second part of this research discusses the droplets--light interaction using Mie scattering for fluid droplets smaller than the microscope visualisation limit (4 microns). Mie scattering theory was implemented into Three--Components Particle Image Velocimetry (3C-- PIV) tests to address a number of problems associated with flow seeding using oil smoke. Mie curves were used to generate the scattering profile of the oil sub--micron droplets, and therefore the scattering efficiency can be calculated at different angles of observation. The results were used in jet flow PIV system for the determination of the optimum position of the two cameras to generate balanced brightness between the images pairs. The brightness balance between images is important for improving the correlation quality in the PIV calculations. The scattering efficiency and the correlation quality were investigated for different seeding materials and using different interrogation window sizes.
Download or read book Optical Investigations of the Sprays Generated by Gasoline Multi hole Injectors Under Novel Operating Conditions written by Andrew Wood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Spray Formation of DI Gasoline Hollow cone Injectors Inside a Pressure Chamber and a Glass Ring Engine by Multiple Optical Techniques written by W. Hentschel and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry
Download or read book Simulations and Optical Diagnostics for Internal Combustion Engines written by Akhilendra Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on combustion simulations and optical diagnostics techniques, which are currently used in internal combustion engines. The book covers a variety of simulation techniques, including in-cylinder combustion, numerical investigations of fuel spray, and effects of different fuels and engine technologies. The book includes chapters focused on alternative fuels such as DEE, biomass, alcohols, etc. It provides valuable information about alternative fuel utilization in IC engines. Use of combustion simulations and optical techniques in advanced techniques such as microwave-assisted plasma ignition, laser ignition, etc. are few other important aspects of this book. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.
Download or read book Optical Metrology for Fluids Combustion and Solids written by Carolyn Mercer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Metrology for Fluids, Combustion and Solids is the first practical handbook that presents the assemblage of the techniques necessary to provide a basic understanding of optical measurement for fluids, combustion, and solids. The use of light as a measurement tool has grown over the past twenty years from a narrowly specialized activity to a mainstay of modern research today. Until recently, the knowledge that could be extracted from the light interaction of light with physical objects was limited to specialized activities. The invention of the laser, the computer and microelectronics has enabled a measurement revolution such that virtually every parameter of engineering interest can be measured using the minimally intrusive properties of light. The authors of this book's chapters are leaders in this revolution. They work on the front lines of research in government, industry, and universities, inventing yet more ways to harness the power of light for the generation of knowledge.
Download or read book Characterization of Conical and Elliptical Fuel Spray Nozzles Using Non intrusive Laser Diagnostic Methods written by Khalid Koraitem and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spray nozzles and atomizers have several applications in many forms of industry such as aerospace, automotive, combustion, pharmaceutical, and spray coating industries. These nozzles vary in design and performance depending on the application they are used in. Nevertheless, the primary objective for all atomizers is to disperse liquids in a controlled and uniformed manner while minimizing the amount of energy needed in the breakup process to achieve high quality atomization. Air-assist and air-blast atomizers are fuel injector nozzles commonly used in gas turbine engines in the aerospace, and power generation industries. The flow in these atomizers is considered to be two-phase flow since a portion of air taken from the compressor is also used to assist in the breakup of the fuel inside the combustion chamber. These nozzles play a critical role in determining the efficiency of gas turbine engines as their ability to disperse liquid fuel into fine droplets allows for better mixture and evaporation rates; therefore, improving engine performance, reducing emissions, and maximizing fuel efficiency. The objective of this study is to experimentally analyze two gas turbine fuel injector nozzles. The first nozzle is a standard hollow cone nozzle currently used in gas turbine engines, whereas the other is a hollow elliptical nozzle designed to offer greater control over fuel distribution as well as improve overall atomization. The nozzles are investigated under varying gas to liquid ratios (GLR) where key spray parameters such as droplet diameter, velocity, volume flux, as well as spray angle are measured to characterize the nozzles using methods such as Shadowgraph, Optical Patternation, Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA), and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV).
Download or read book Optical Study of Ethanol Gasoline Blends with Or Without Heating written by Abdul Hadi Abd Majid and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with optical study of ethanol gasoline blends with or without heating. The aim of this research is to study about spray atomization characteristics of ethanol blended gasoline fuel as well as pure gasoline in a direct injection gasoline injector of a gasoline engine. Spray characteristics including spray angle, spray tip penetration and spray width. Investigation of the spray characteristics of different ratio of gasohol fuel blends using optical measurement. Then analysis qualitative result from experimental. The scopes of this research are choosing specific fuel injector and optical measurement, setup test rig for experimental using high pressure chamber and choosing fuel blends as a sample to doing experimental. Choosing fuel blends E0 and E10 as a sample to doing experimental. Spray characteristics that focus only on spray angle and spray tip penetration. After test rig fabrication is done and all equipment has been setup, experiment is done by supplying pressure at 4 bar from high pressure pump to fuel injector that attach to high pressure chamber. Ambient temperature was set to 300 K and ambient pressure is 0.1 MPa. While injector is spray a video imaging recording and result was display according to time frame. Video imaging has been analyzed and result is compared according spray evolution by time.
Download or read book Optical Measurement and Visualization in High Pressure High Temperature Aviation Gas Turbine Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technologies for Near Zero Emission Gasoline Powered Vehicles written by Fuquan Zhao and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2006-10-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Fuquan (Frank) Zhao and experts in the field address a broad spectrum of key research and development issues in the rapidly progressing area of near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. Written in response to the increasingly stringent emissions legislation, this book provides the reader with a concise introduction to technology developments in near-zero-emission gasoline-powered vehicles. The material reflects global technical initiatives within the automotive and research communities. In all, this book contains more than 450 pages, with nearly 200 descriptive diagrams and/or images. It will serve as a valuable desk reference and provide the basics for those who are interested in understanding this advancing technology.
Download or read book Optical Studies of Gasoline Sprays and In cylinder Mixture Formation Using a High Pressure Multi hole Injector written by Meghnaa Paresh Dhanji and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spray Dynamics of High Pressure Fuel Injectors for DI Gasoline Engines written by Fu-Quan Zhao and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial Sprays and Atomization written by Ghasem G. Nasr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensive critical compilation of the wide range of manufacturing processes that involve the application of spray technology, this book covers design of atomizers as well as the performance of plant and their corresponding spray systems. The needs of practising engineers from different disciplines: project managers, and works, maintenance and design engineers are catered for. Of interest to researchers in the field of liquid sprays, the book includes outlines of the contemporary and possible future research and challenges in the different fields of application and deals with: • sprays and their production; • sprays in industrial production processes; • processes involving vaporisation and cooling or cleaning of gases; • spray-surface impact processes; • fuel sprays for fixed plant; • spraying of hot surfaces for steel making and other metals; • spraying of molten metals. Guidance is given for the analysis and interpretation of experimental data obtained using different measurement techniques.
Download or read book Automotive Spark Ignited Direct Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.
