Download or read book Optical Imaging of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxidative Metabolism in the Rat Barrel Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative metabolism and cerebral blood flow (CBF) are two of the most important measures in neuroimaging. However, results from concurrent imaging of the two with high spatial and temporal resolution have never been published. We used flavoprotein autofluorescence (AF) and laser speckle imaging (LSI) in the anaesthetized rat to map oxidative metabolism and CBF in response to single vibrissa stimulation. Autofluorescence responses reflecting oxidative metabolism demonstrated a fast increase with a delay of 0.1 s. The sign-reversed speckle contrast reflecting CBF started to rise with a delay of 0.6 s and reached its maximum 1.4 s after the stimulation offset. The fractional signal changes were 2.0% in AF and 9.7% in LSI. Pixelwise modelling revealed that CBF maps spread over an area up to 2.5-times larger than metabolic maps. The results provide evidence that the increase in cerebral oxidative metabolism in response to sensory stimulation is considerably faster and more localized than the CBF response. This suggests that future developments in functional imaging concentrating on the metabolic response promise an increased spatial resolution.
Download or read book In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function written by Ron D. Frostig and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are exciting times for the field of optical imaging of brain function. Rapid developments in theory and technology continue to considerably advance understanding of brain function. Reflecting changes in the field during the past five years, the second edition of In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function describes state-of-the-art techniques a
Download or read book Light Scattering Reviews 4 written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-25 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth volume of Light Scattering Reviews is composed of three parts. The ?rstpartisconcernedwiththeoreticalandexperimentalstudiesofsinglelightsc- tering by small nonspherical particles. Light scattering by small particles such as, for instance, droplets in the terrestrial clouds is a well understood area of physical optics. On the other hand, exact theoretical calculations of light scattering p- terns for most of nonspherical and irregularly shaped particles can be performed only for the restricted values of the size parameter, which is proportional to the ratio of the characteristic size of the particle to the wavelength?. For the large nonspherical particles, approximations are used (e. g. , ray optics). The exact th- retical techniques such as the T-matrix method cannot be used for extremely large particles, such as those in ice clouds, because then the size parameter in the v- iblex=2?a/???,wherea is the characteristic size (radius for spheres), and the associated numerical codes become unstable and produce wrong answers. Yet another problem is due to the fact that particles in many turbid media (e. g. , dust clouds) cannot be characterized by a single shape. Often, refractive indices also vary. Because of problems with theoretical calculations, experimental (i. e. , la- ratory) investigations are important for the characterization and understanding of the optical properties of such types of particles. The ?rst paper in this volume, written by B. Gustafson, is aimed at the descr- tionofscaledanalogueexperimentsinelectromagneticscattering.
Download or read book Microcirculation Imaging written by Martin J. Leahy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adopting a multidisciplinary approach with input from physicists, researchers and medical professionals, this is the first book to introduce many different technical approaches for the visualization of microcirculation, including laser Doppler and laser speckle, optical coherence tomography and photo-acoustic tomography. It covers everything from basic research to medical applications, providing the technical details while also outlining the respective strengths and weaknesses of each imaging technique. Edited by an international team of top experts, this is the ultimate handbook for every clinician and researcher relying on microcirculation imaging.
Download or read book fMRI From Nuclear Spins to Brain Functions written by Kamil Uludag and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the revolutionary fMRI field from basic principles to state-of-the-art research. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, including the history of fMRI's development using endogenous MR blood contrast, neurovascular coupling, pulse sequences for fMRI, quantitative fMRI; fMRI of the visual system, auditory cortex, and sensorimotor system; genetic imaging using fMRI, multimodal neuroimaging, brain bioenergetics and function and molecular-level fMRI. Comprehensive and intuitively structured, this book engages the reader with a first-person account of the development and history of the fMRI field by the authors. The subsequent sections examine the physiological basis of fMRI, the basic principles of fMRI and its applications and the latest advances of the technology, ending with a discussion of fMRI’s future. fMRI: From Nuclear Spins to Brain Function, co-edited by leading and renowned fMRI researchers Kamil Ugurbil, Kamil Uludag and Lawrence Berliner, is an ideal resource for clinicians and researchers in the fields of neuroscience, psychology and MRI physics.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Amy K. Reeve and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition brings together up-to-date contributions from leaders in the field internationally on the various ways in which mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. The reader is guided through the basic functions of mitochondria and the mechanisms that lead to their dysfunction, and on to the consequences of this dysfunction for neuronal function before finishing with the modelling of these disorders and discussion of new potential therapeutic targets. Additional chapters have been added to the book to reflect advances in the field and there are many new contributors and topics, including how mitochondria are degraded and the interaction of the mitochondria with pathologically relevant proteins. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders provides an accessible, authoritative guide to this important area for neurologists; research and clinical neuroscientists; neuropathologists; and residents with an interest in clinical research.
Download or read book Neurovascular Imaging written by Anna Devor and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent technological advances are significantly enhancing ones ability to image the interplay of neuronal activity, metabolism, and the associated vascular response with high spatial and temporal resolution. This Research Topic will cover these recent technological advances as well as the impact they have had on understanding the coupling of neuronal, metabolic, and vascular responses. We invite contributions to highlight new original research and to provide a forum for discussion of hot neurovascular topics. Potential contributions include, but are not limited by the following examples: - Development and application of novel optical technologies for imaging of neuronal, metabolic and vascular activity. Examples include 2-Photon Microscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Second Harmonic Microscopy. - Intravital imaging of metabolites such as NADH and flavoproteins - Application of optical methods for manipulation of neuroglial circuits and vascular architectonics - Development of novel Magnetic Resonance contrasts for noninvasive imaging of blood flow, volume, and oxygen consumption. - Application of imaging tools for studying of neurovascular dysfunctions such as stroke, vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease - Hypotheses, Perspectives, Commentaries and Opinions with regards to the body of recent publications that utilize imaging tools for investigation of neurogliovascular communication and the regulation of cerebral blood flow
Download or read book Brain Protein Aging and Dementia Control written by Gen Sobue and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brain Energy Metabolism written by Johannes Hirrlinger and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain Energy Metabolism addresses its challenging subject by presenting diverse technologies allowing for the investigation of brain energy metabolism on different levels of complexity. Model systems are discussed, starting from the reductionist approach like primary cell cultures which allow assessing of the properties and functions of a single brain cell type with many different types of analysis, however, at the expense of neglecting the interaction between cell types in the brain. On the other end, analysis in animals and humans in vivo is discussed, maintaining the full complexity of the tissue and the organism but making high demands on the methods of analysis. Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include the kind of detailed description and key implementation advice that aims to support reproducible results in the lab. Meticulous and authoritative, Brain Energy Metabolism provides an ideal guide for researchers interested in brain energy metabolism with the hope of stimulating more research in this exciting and very important field.
Download or read book Coupling Between Neuronal Activity and Functional Hemodynamic Responses written by Sameer Anil Sheth and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Membrane Potential Imaging in the Nervous System written by Marco Canepari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is structured in five sections, each containing several chapters written by experts and major contributors to particular topics. The volume starts with a historical perspective and fundamental principles of membrane potential imaging and continues to cover the measurement of membrane potential signals from dendrites and axons of individual neurons, measurements of the activity of many neurons with single cell resolution, monitoring of population signals from the nervous system, and concludes with the overview of new approaches to voltage-imaging. The book is targeted at all scientists interested in this mature but also rapidly expanding imaging approach.
Download or read book fMRI written by Stephan Ulmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, fMRI has evolved into an invaluable clinical tool for routine brain imaging. This book provides a state of the art overview of fMRI and its use in clinical practice. Experts in the field share their knowledge and explain how to overcome diverse potential technical barriers and problems. Starting from the very basics on the origin of the BOLD signal, the book covers technical issues, anatomical landmarks, the full range of clinical applications, methods of statistical analysis, and special issues in various clinical fields. Comparisons are made with other brain mapping techniques, such as DTI, PET, TMS, EEG, and MEG, and their combined use with fMRI is also discussed. Since the first edition, original chapters have been updated and new chapters added, covering both novel aspects of analysis and further important clinical applications.
Download or read book Neuroimaging written by Sanja Josef Golubic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-04-03 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroimaging provides a valuable noninvasive window into the human neural system and is used in fundamental and clinical research. Imaging techniques are essential for understanding spontaneous neural activity and brain mechanisms engaged in the processing of external inputs, memory formation, and cognition. Modern imaging modalities make it possible to visualize memory processes within the brain and to create images of its structure and function. Scientists and technologists are joining forces to pave the way for improving imaging technologies and methods, data analysis, and the application of imaging to investigate the wide spectra of neurological diseases, neuropsychological disorders, and aging. Imaging techniques are essential for the identification of biological markers of the earliest stages of neurodiseases and the development of new therapies. This book intends to provide the reader with a short overview of the current achievements in the state-of-the-art imaging modality methods, their highlights, and limitations in neuroscience research and clinical applications. The current state of in-vivo neuroimaging methods in the context of the understanding and diagnosis of mental disorders and relation to the mind is also discussed in a modern compact format, featuring the latest and most relevant research results.
Download or read book Astrocytes in Patho Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.
Download or read book Casting Light on the Dark Side of Brain Imaging written by Amir Raz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people find colorful brain scans highly compelling—and yet, many experts don’t. This discrepancy begs the question: What can we learn from neuroimaging? Is brain information useful in fields such as psychiatry, law, or education? How do neuroscientists create brain activation maps and why do we admire them? Casting Light on The Dark Side of Brain Imaging tackles these questions through a critical and constructive lens—separating fruitful science from misleading neuro-babble. In a breezy writing style accessible to a wide readership, experts from across the brain sciences offer their uncensored thoughts to help advance brain research and debunk the craze for reductionist, headline-grabbing neuroscience. This collection of short, enlightening essays is suitable for anyone interested in brain science, from students to professionals. Together, we take a hard look at the science behind brain imaging and outline why this technique remains promising despite its seldom-discussed shortcomings. Challenges the tendency toward neuro-reductionism Deconstructs hype through a critical yet constructive lens Unveils the nature of brain imaging data Explores emerging brain technologies and future directions Features a non-technical and accessible writing style
Download or read book Neural Engineering written by Bin He and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-09 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural Engineering, 2nd Edition, contains reviews and discussions of contemporary and relevant topics by leading investigators in the field. It is intended to serve as a textbook at the graduate and advanced undergraduate level in a bioengineering curriculum. This principles and applications approach to neural engineering is essential reading for all academics, biomedical engineers, neuroscientists, neurophysiologists, and industry professionals wishing to take advantage of the latest and greatest in this emerging field.
Download or read book Sleep Wake Neurobiology and Pharmacology written by Hans-Peter Landolt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume connects current ideas and concepts about sleep functions and circadian rhythms with the search for novel target-selective sleep-wake therapeutics. To do so, it provides a timely, state-of-the-art overview of sleep-wake mechanisms in health and disease, ongoing developments in drug discovery, and their prospects for the clinical treatment of sleep-disordered patients. It particularly focuses on the concept that sleep and wakefulness mutually affect each other, and the future therapeutic interventions with either sleep- or wake-promoting agents that are expected to not only improve the quality of sleep but also the waking behavior, cognition, mood and other sleep-associated physiological functions. The chapter 'Sleep Physiology, Circadian Rhythms, Waking Performance and the Development of Sleep-Wake Therapeutics' available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
