Download or read book Optical Characterization Methods for Hypervelocity Impact Generated Plasma written by Ya-Yu Hew and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid advancement of technology and ease of accessibility to space have introduced a fundamental change in space, allowing globalization of space programs and commercialization of space activities. Consequently, a more congested and competitive space environment introduces new challenges and threats to spacecraft designers, operators, and users in protecting their space assets. Among these threats includes hypervelocity impacts from microparticles in the form of meteoroids and space debris. These microparticles travel at speeds between 11.2 and 72.8 km/s with respect to the Earth and can impact spacecraft forming a small and dense plasma. This plasma can generate a strong optical emission, known as an impact flash, and an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The impact flash and EMP can lead to spacecraft electrical anomalies when the impacted spacecraft surface (target) carries high electrical potential due to various space weather effects. Two parameters of the impact plasma that strongly determine its behavior and electrical anomaly risk are its temperature and density. To understand the microparticle hypervelocity impact plasma and its associated threat to spacecraft electronics, we need to determine the impact plasma temperature and density under a range of space operating conditions, such as different spacecraft charging conditions. The understanding of hypervelocity impact flash phenomenon and its connection to the impact plasma under these conditions is critical for our knowledge of hypervelocity impact effects and the development of a reliable optical characterization method in predicting impact plasma properties, impact conditions and risks. We establish three objectives to achieve this overarching goal. First, we create an optical method that enables the characterization of the impact plasma using impact flash measurements. Second, we investigate the generation mechanism of the impact flash from the impact plasma. Third, we examine the correlation between the impact flash and impact conditions, such as the impactor mass, impact velocity, target electrical condition, and spacecraft damage risk. In this dissertation, we develop a non-intrusive optical method to study the impact plasma via its continuum optical emission spectrum. This optical method includes a theoretical model and calibrated sensors to characterize the impact plasma. Our theoretical model (Impact Plasma Generated Flash model) is the first of its kind to qualitatively define the temporal stages of the behavior of the impact flash and plasma. This model evaluates the approximate temperature and density of the plasma where the continuum radiation dominates and theorizes the process by which the plasma generates the impact flash. The photometry sensor suite developed in this dissertation consists of three spectral photomultiplier tubes (450, 550, and 600 nm), which enable intensity, spectrum, and geometry measurements of the impact flash. This sensor suite was deployed at a ground-based 3 MV electrostatic dust accelerator and a light gas gun facility. Using this optical characterization method, we demonstrate new results on hypervelocity impacts with various target electrical conditions as a control variable to study the relationship between the impact plasma and impact flash. Our result suggests that the impact flash continuum spectrum was produced by a combination of the following mechanisms: Bremsstrahlung radiation (a more general form of blackbody radiation) due to the acceleration of charged particles via spacecraft surface electrical conditions or thermal motion; Bremsstrahlung radiation due to the oscillating internal electric field; and recombination radiation from the plasma particles. The impact flash was found to emit blackbody radiation in the early time after impact (~800 ns) and evolve from an optically thick continuum emission to an optically thin continuum emission during this time window. Using blackbody and Bremsstrahlung spectra to estimate the plasma density and temperature, we found that an impact velocity range of 15 to 40 km/s yielded average plasma temperatures at signal intensity peaks between 3500 and 8000 K depending on the surface electrical conditions. The initial plasma density and temperature (0.5 - 2 eV) from optical measurements are in good agreement with previous experimental and simulation results of the impact plasma. Thus, these new results are consistent with the existing literature. The strong resemblance between the impact plasma and impact flash expansion geometry, the consistent plasma diffusion process measured by the optical method, and the strong connections between the target electrical condition and the impact flash temperature all suggest that the impact flash originates from the impact plasma. Therefore, this dissertation enables the future use of the impact flash measurements as an assessment tool for impact conditions, impact plasma properties and the risk of spacecraft electrical anomalies.
Download or read book Advances in Laser Produced Plasmas Research written by Maricel Agop and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of laser matter interaction has known great and rapid advancements in the last few years, with a considerable increase in the number of both experimental and theoretical studies. The classical paradigm used to describe the dynamics of laser produced plasmas has been challenged by new peculiar phenomena observed experimentally, like plasma particles’ oscillations, plume splitting and self-structuring behavior during the expansion of the ejected particles. The use of multiple complementary techniques has become a requirement nowadays, as different aspects can be showcased by specific experimental approaches. To balance these non-linear effects and still remain tributary to the classical theoretical, views on laser produced plasma dynamics novel theoretical models that cover the two sides of the ablation plasma (differentiability and non-differentiability) still need to be developed. Plasma is a strongly nonlinear dynamic system, with many degrees of freedom and other symmetries, favorable for the development of ordered structures, instabilities and transitions (from ordered to chaotic states). In such contexts, we showcased research based on global and local symmetries, complexity and invariance. This special number highlighted exciting new phenomena related to laser produced plasma dynamics with the implementation of theoretical models, towards understanding the complex reality of laser matter interaction.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Behavior of Materials Volume 1 written by Tom Proulx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1: Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the first volume of six from the Conference, brings together 71 contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Materials Science, including papers on Composite Materials, Dynamic Failure and Fracture, Dynamic Materials Response, Novel Testing Techniques, Low Impedance Materials, Metallic Materials, Response of Brittle Materials, Time Dependent Materials, High Strain Rate Testing of Biological and Soft Materials, Shock and High Pressure Response, Energetic Materials, Optical Techniques for Imaging High Strain Rate Material Response, and Modeling of Dynamic Response.
Download or read book Insight On Multifractal Dynamics Of Ns laser Produced Plasmas written by Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen years after the first proposal of a fractal theoretical model to understand the dynamics of laser produced plasma, a complete image of the model is projected on a wide range of empirical data related to laser produced plasmas.The book tackles the two sides of laser produced plasmas with experimental data on a wide range of materials, from metallic alloys to geological samples and the associated mathematical model is developed in the multifractal theory of motion. A new perspective is explored in analyzing and interpreting the data collected by electrical or optical methods, focusing especially on the charged particles dynamics and the nature of fractal fluctuations and their influence during measurements as well as to the scattering process and plasma splitting phenomena, all seen through the lens of multifractal physics.The book offers the best presentation of the multifractal theoretical model for the study of transient phenomena in laser produced plasmas, which focus leads to a balanced development of the model showcasing both the flexibility and the unique vision of a multifractal mathematical apparatus.
Download or read book Fact Book written by Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Investigation of High Temperature Plasma Optical Properties written by A. Ja Faenov and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lasers and Masers written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA SP written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protection of Materials and Structures from the Space Environment written by Jacob Kleiman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-16 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings published in this book document and foster the goals of the 11th International Space Conference on “Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment” ICPMSE-11 to facilitate exchanges between members of the various engineering and science disciplines involved in the development of space materials. Contributions cover aspects of interaction with space environment of LEO, GEO, Deep Space, Planetary environments, ground-based qualification and in-flight experiments, as well as lessons learned from operational vehicles that are closely interrelated to disciplines of atmospheric sciences, solar-terrestrial interactions and space life sciences.
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Documentation of Plasma Physics Pt 1 Experimental Plasma Physics and Theoretical Plasma Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interplanetary Dust written by Eberhard Grün and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-07-03 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An excellent handbook on the physics of interplanetary dust, a topic of interest not only to astronomers and space scientists but also to engineers. The following topics are covered in the book: historical perspectives; cometary dust; near-Earth environment; meteoroids and meteors; properties of interplanetary dust, information from collected samples; in situ measurements of cosmic dust; numerical modeling of the Zodiacal Cloud structure; synthesis of observations; instrumentation; physical processes; optical properties of interplanetary dust; orbital evolution of interplanetary dust; circumplanetary dust, observations and simple physics; interstellar dust and circumstellar dust disks. No doubt, the text will be regarded as the standard reference on interplanetary dust for many years to come.
Download or read book Lasers and Masers a Continuing Bibliography written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Applied Physics Applied Physics Letters written by Nichigai Asoshiētsu and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
