Download or read book Operational Fires Improving Doctrine to Apply the Operational Art to Fires written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes whether joint doctrine adequately provides a framework for the Joint Forces Commander to apply the operational art to fires. With the increased lethality of precision, fires will play an increased role in campaign plans of the future. Joint Doctrine should enable the Joint Force commander to employ the facets of Operational art to the function of fires. Operation Desert Storm demonstrated the capabilities and challenges of employing fires at the Joint Operational level. Operational fires facilitated the rapid collapse of Iraqi ground forces during the coalition's four day ground offensive. Friction, however, arose between the ground and air components, both while fires were shaping the battle space and during the offensive. The doctrine developed since Desert Storm still leaves unanswered questions concerning who is responsible for operational fires and where they will be delivered. This paper recommends that joint doctrine be developed for operational fires. New joint doctrine should prescribe the direction of joint-operational fires under a single joint command. Doctrine should also address how the battle space should be divided to facilitate the Joint Force Commander's concept of fires. Finally, doctrine should anticipate that maneuver may be conducted to support operational fires.

Download or read book U S Doctrine for Command and Control of Operational Fires written by Leonard G. Tokar and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coordinating Operational Fires for the Twenty First Century written by Gregory B. Schultz and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operational fires have played an increasingly vital role in the campaign plans of Joint Force Commanders as technology has increased the ability to identify, target, and engage enemy forces, facilities, and functions throughout the depth of the battlefield. In the past, operational fires, in the form of air interdiction, have predominantly been the responsibility of the Air Force since they have possessed the systems to range and engage the enemy effectively at operational depths. New and developing capabilities like JSTARS, ATACMS, Extended Range MLRS, Apache Longbow, and brilliant munitions, are increasing the complexity, potential, and joint nature of operational fires. These capabilities have contributed to the increased emphasis on joint operations and has led to considerable debate on the issue of operational fire planning, coordination, and execution. This monograph examines the need for a Joint Force Fires Coordinator (JFFC) to help maximize the potential of operational fires. To determine whether a JFFC is needed, this paper first examines the nature and concept of operational fires from contextual and doctrinal perspectives. This is done by reviewing the historical background and development of operational fires and the Army, Air Force, and Joint doctrine regarding operational fires and interdiction planning, coordination, and execution. Using the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, and unity of effort, this paper then reviews the experiences of joint and service component planners during the Gulf War and identifies problems or shortcomings in current doctrine and procedures. This paper concludes that shortcomings in joint doctrine, combined with competing interests and perspectives by the component services prevents the optimal use of operational fires.

Download or read book U S Doctrine for Command and Control of Operational Fires written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph examines doctrine for joint operations to determine if it helps speed planning and coordination for the employment of operational fires. The Joint Force Commander is experiencing the problem of centrally controlling operational fires with the difficulties posed by force projection and the overlapping deep battle capabilities of the service components. This paper first defines the concept of operational fires and makes several assumptions as to why the current doctrinal considerations may need to be updated. It then provides historical examples of the employment of operational firepower in the Normandy campaign in 1944 and in the Persian Gulf War in 1991. Finally, this monograph focuses on the preceding issues to argue that joint doctrine needs a standardized organization at the Joint Force Commander's level to meet the requirements of planning and coordinating the use of operational firepower. The recommendation is the formation of a Joint Operational Fires Cell at the theater level to provide the centralized joint staff agency as a standard staff section.

Download or read book The Fires and Effects Coordination Cell written by Dale S. Ringler and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph explores the possible evolution of a command system, specifically the Fires and Effects Coordination Cell, within the Interim Brigade's staffs organization. The purpose of this examination is to determine if the Fires and Effects Coordination Cell in the Interim Brigade's staff organization will increase effectiveness for planning urban operations. First, the monograph begins by examining the new operational environment and the US Army s response. Then the monograph demonstrates the evolving nature of an asymmetrical threat in an urban environment. The goal is to understand the origin, definitions, goals, desired effects, and possible tactics of asymmetric warfare. The assessment indicates that the effective use of the components of information operations would enhance the effect of combined arms throughout the full spectrum of operations in an urban environment. Next, the monograph examines current and emerging MOUT doctrine and Draft FM 3-0. The goal is to determine if current doctrine is correct and current concerning today s environment and whether contemporary doctrine explains the application of combat power, including the components of information operations, to achieve the desired effects desired in an urban environment. This analysis showed an apparent void in current MOUT doctrine, but demonstrated that emerging doctrine addresses today s environment. With the apparent void in current doctrine, the monograph then analyzed ways in which a commander can use components of information operations to shape and isolate an urban environment with an asymmetrical threat. A modern case study is used to demonstrate lessons learned using the components of information operations in an urban environment against an asymmetrical threat. The case study is the Russian involvement in Chechnya, specifically Grozny, in 1993-1995.

Download or read book Army Doctrine Publication ADP 3 19 Fires July 2019 written by United States Government Us Army and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This field manual, Army Doctrine Publication ADP 3-19 Fires July 2019, defines and describes the fires warfighting function in terms of its major tasks, capabilities, functions, and processes, and describes the integration of capabilities and their associated effects through the targeting and operations processes. The successful employment of fires depends on the integration and synchronization of all elements of fires across domains and in concert with the other warfighting functions. This manual forms the foundation for training and Army education curricula on fires. The scope of this publication is broad in order to cover fires as a complete entity. It gives equal treatment to the diverse assets that contribute to the fires warfighting function. The term "fires" in this document includes lethal and nonlethal effects, as delivered by Army, joint, and multinational capabilities. To create effects in multi-domain operations, Army leaders must consider the fires warfighting function in an inclusive manner, integrating assets and effects to meet the commander's objectives. ADP 3-19 replaces ADP 3-09 as the Army's fundamental publication for fires. The 3-09 series of publications is hereafter renamed, "Fire Support." The purpose of renumbering fires doctrine is to remove the implication that fires applies only to one or two branches, and to become more inclusive of all elements of fires. The principal audience for ADP 3-19 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters (HQ) serving as joint task force or multinational HQ should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this manual.ADP 3-19 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and U.S. Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.

Download or read book Fire Support FM 3 09 written by Department Army and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field Manual (FM) 3-09 is the Army's keystone doctrine for fire support. This manual is a guide to action for the employment of fire support in decisive action as a part of unified land operations. The foundation of unified land operations is built on initiative, decisive action, and mission command-linked and nested through purposeful and simultaneous execution of both combined arms maneuver and wide area security-to achieve the commander's intent and desired end state (Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 3-0). The challenges of future armed conflict make it imperative for the Army to produce leaders and forces that exhibit a high degree of operational adaptability. Achieving the necessary level of operational adaptability requires the Army to build upon a foundation of two broad responsibilities within the framework of fullspectrum operations-Army forces conduct combined arms maneuver (CAM) to gain physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over enemy organizations. Applying an expanded understanding of combined arms, Army forces integrate the combat power resident in the Army's six warfighting functions with a wide array of related civil and military capabilities to defeat enemies and seize, retain, and exploit the initiative; and Army forces conduct wide area security (WAS) to consolidate gains, stabilize environments, and ensure freedom of movement and action. This publication identifies the principles of fire support, describes the fires warfighting function in terms of its major components, functions, and required products and describes how fire support is employed in terms of the operations process. The scope of this publication is broad in its focus in order to deal with the fire support structure as a complete entity. It gives equal treatment to the diverse assets that are designated as fire support resources. The successful employment of fire support depends on the synchronization of all forms of fire support with all warfighting functions. This fire support keystone doctrinal manual should be used by commanders and staff who must employ fire support within their operations. Fire support is provided by mortars, cannon field artillery, rockets, missiles, naval surface fire support (NSFS), non-Army attack helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, and unmanned aircraft systems. Fire support may be enhanced by those systems that enable the conduct of electronic attack. This publication describes the field artillery as the principal means of fire support available to the commander, and charges the field artillery to integrate, coordinate and synchronize all available fire support with the commander's concept of operations. This is the ultimate challenge of fire support. This FM helps commanders and their fire support staff officers and fires unit commanders meet this challenge by providing a clear and concise picture of fire support and why it must work as a unified system.

Download or read book Operational Fires for the 21st Century The Argument for a Joint Fires Coordinator written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A void exists in current joint doctrine concerning operational fires for the joint task force. This vacuum is doubly troubling when the proliferation of increasingly capable information management systems, digital communications links, all weather target acquisition assets, and precision attack systems is considered. The Persian Gulf War highlighted weaknesses in inter-service cooperation of fire support, but seven years after the conflict, substantive changes to resolve these doctrinal problems remain unmade. As part of a solution, this paper argues for the creation of a Joint Forces Fire Support Coordinator and a Joint Fire Support Cell to coordinate operational fires for the joint force commander. It further asserts the continued viability of the Fire Support Coordination Line while suggesting the need for a doctrinal boundary delineating the areas of responsibility of the land and air component commanders. This work uses data on the technical capabilities and interoperability of service component systems to demonstrate that operational fires, offering decisive battlefield effects, are reasonable to assume in the near future. Operational theories from students at the Command and General Staff College, Army War College, and Naval War College are used to support the argument that many of those assets now dedicated to air interdiction and deep attack by individual services should be fused into a unified combat power capable of effecting decisive results at the operational level.

Download or read book The Fires and Effects Coordination Cell written by Dale R. Ringler and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph explores the possible evolution of a command system, specifically the Fires and Effects Coordination Cell, within the Interim Brigade's staffs organization. The purpose of this examination is to determine if the Fires and Effects Coordination Cell in the Interim Brigade's staff organization will increase effectiveness for planning urban operations. First, the monograph begins by examining the new operational environment and the US Army's response. Then the monograph demonstrates the evolving nature of an asymmetrical threat in an urban environment. The goal is to understand the origin, definitions, goals, desired effects, and possible tactics of asymmetric warfare. The assessment indicates that the effective use of the components of information operations would enhance the effect of combined arms throughout the full spectrum of operations in an urban environment. Next, the monograph examines current and emerging MOUT doctrine and Draft FM 3-0. The goal is to determine if current doctrine is correct and current concerning today's environment and whether contemporary doctrine explains the application of combat power, including the components of information operations, to achieve the desired effects desired in an urban environment. This analysis showed an apparent void in current MOUT doctrine, but demonstrated that emerging doctrine addresses today's environment. With the apparent void in current doctrine, the monograph then analyzed ways in which a commander can use components of information operations to shape and isolate an urban environment with an asymmetrical threat. A modern case study is used to demonstrate lessons learned using the components of information operations in an urban environment against an asymmetrical threat. The case study is the Russian involvement in Chechnya, specifically Grozny, in 1993-1995. The monograph then investigates the Fires and Effects Coordination Cell concentrating primarily on the nonlethal aspects. This investigation demonstrated the process of assessing the threat and urbanized terrain as a system and having the capabilities to understand and influence the sub-components of that system. The monograph concludes with recommendations for effectively and efficiently incorporating the Fires and Effects Coordination Cell in planning tactical operations in an urban environment. The monograph recommends that doctrine needs to address the components of information operations and provide a path for analyzing the parts of the complexity of an urban environment. Along with doctrine, training needs to be reexamined and refined to meet the current environment.

Download or read book Operational Fires written by Michael J. Bradley and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph examines the modern development of operational fires as a major contributor to the success of campaigns. Its focus is to determine the best way for the U.S. military to maximize the impact of operational fire systems. It proposes that a FSCOORD is needed at the theater level to accomplish that campaign requirement. The analysis begins with an examination of recent U.S. Army doctrine concerning the operational level of war and the Relative Combat Power Model. This model relates the combat power elements of maneuver, firepower, protection and leadership. The work then defines operational fires in light of the model and current doctrine. It then traces the use of these fires in the modern era using historical examples. Particular attention is then devoted to the current Soviet and U.S. positions on the subject. Of particular interest is the Soviet concern with 'high precision warfare', which is a form of operational fires. Operational fires; Combat power model; High precision warfare; Campaign planning; Synchronization. (jes).

Download or read book Fire Support written by Department Army and published by . This book was released on 2011-11-03 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field Manual (FM) 3-09 is the Army's keystone doctrine for fire support. This manual is a guide to action for the employment of fire support in decisive action as a part of unified land operations. The foundation of unified land operations is built on initiative, decisive action, and mission command-linked and nested through purposeful and simultaneous execution of both combined arms maneuver and wide area security-to achieve the commander's intent and desired end state (Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 3-0).The challenges of future armed conflict make it imperative for the Army to produce leaders and forces that exhibit a high degree of operational adaptability. Achieving the necessary level of operational adaptability requires the Army to build upon a foundation of two broad responsibilities within the framework of fullspectrum operations:- Army forces conduct combined arms maneuver (CAM) to gain physical, temporal, and psychological advantages over enemy organizations. Applying an expanded understanding of combined arms, Army forces integrate the combat power resident in the Army's six warfighting functions with a wide array of related civil and military capabilities to defeat enemies and seize, retain, and exploit the initiative. - Army forces conduct wide area security (WAS) to consolidate gains, stabilize environments, and ensure freedom of movement and action.This publication identifies the principles of fire support, describes the fires warfighting function in terms of its major components, functions, and required products and describes how fire support is employed in terms of the operations process. The scope of this publication is broad in its focus in order to deal with the fire support structure as a complete entity. It gives equal treatment to the diverse assets that are designated as fire support resources. The successful employment of fire support depends on the synchronization of all forms of fire support with all warfighting functions. This fire support keystone doctrinal manual should be used by commanders and staff who must employ fire support within their operations.Army forces are employed with other Services as part of a joint force. Consequently, this FM is not only based on ADP 3-0, but is also grounded in joint doctrine such as found in JP 3-0, JP 3-09, and JP 3-60. Fire support is provided by mortars, cannon field artillery, rockets, missiles, naval surface fire support (NSFS), non-Army attack helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, and unmanned aircraft systems. Fire support may be enhanced by those systems that enable the conduct of electronic attack.This publication describes the field artillery as the principal means of fire support available to the commander, and charges the field artillery to integrate, coordinate and synchronize all available fire support with the commander's concept of operations. This is the ultimate challenge of fire support. This FM helps commanders and their fire support staff officers and fires unit commanders meet this challenge by providing a clear and concise picture of fire support and why it must work as a unified system.

Download or read book Field Artillery written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fire and Thunder Shaping the Battlespace with Operational Fires written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last twenty years America has adopted a more maneuver-oriented style of warfare that emphasizes joint operations. In a conventional, regional conflict, it is imperative that U.S. forces have the capability to apply joint firepower at the operational level of war to attain operational and strategic objectives. With smaller forces, the U.S. will have to apply decisive force with maximum efficiency and minimum expenditure of resources. Unfortunately, the armed services of the United States lack a truly joint perspective on how to apply joint firepower at the operational level of war. The success of Operation Desert Storm masked the weakness of American jointness. In reality, joint doctrine was extremely fragile in 1991, and crumbled under the pressures of war. Varying service perspectives on how to fight with fires survived the war and threaten to carry a lack of trust and true jointness into the next war. This paper concludes with some implications of this lack of jointness, and offers some recommendations on doctrinal changes that could help form a more truly joint perspective on shaping the battlespace with operational fires.

Download or read book Army Doctrine Reference Publication Adrp 3 09 Fires with Change 1 8 February 2013 written by United States Government US Army and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-03-31 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 3-09, Fires, is one of the ADRPs released under Doctrine 2015. ADRP 3-09 expands on the foundations and principles found in ADP 3-09. This Army doctrine for fires builds on the collective knowledge and experience gained through recent operations and numerous exercises. It is rooted in time-tested principles and fundamentals, while accommodating new technologies. ADRP 3-09 makes numerous changes from Field Manuals (FM) 3-01 and 3-09. The most significant change is that air and missile defense (AMD) is moved from the protection warfighting function into the fires warfighting function. AMD contributes to the area air defense plan (AADP) by assisting the protection cell with the planning and development of the defended assets list (DAL). Execution of tasks related to fires which are part of the DAL will be performed by the fires warfighting function. Additional changes in ADRP 3-09, from FM 3-01 and FM 3-09, include the field artillery (FA) mission statement is updated to read: The mission of the Field Artillery is to destroy, defeat, or disrupt the enemy with integrated fires to enable maneuver commanders to dominate in unified land operations. ADRP 3-09 remains generally consistent with FM 3-01 and FM 3-09, on key topics while adopting updated terminology and concepts as necessary. These topics include the discussion of fires in support of unified land operations, decisive action and the operational framework. ADRP 3-09 contains three chapters: Chapter 1 describes the fires warfighting function while incorporating the roles, core competencies, critical capabilities, characteristics, and principals of fires, as well as fires in support of unified land operations, and decisive action. Additionally the chapter discusses fires in relation to other warfighting functions, joint interdependency, and the employment of fires. Chapter 2 describes the various fires organizations, and lists key fires personnel with their duties and responsibilities. Chapter 3 describes the fires process in greater detail, describes its interaction with the operations process, through targeting and fires planning. Based on current doctrinal changes, certain terms have been added, modified, or rescinded for purposes of this manual. The glossary contains acronyms and defined terms. The principal audience for Army doctrine reference publication (ADRP) 3-09 is commanders, leaders, and staff of the fires warfighting function. Commanders and staff who must employ fires within their operations should also use this doctrinal manual. This ADRP is not only based on the Army's capstone doctrine, Army doctrine publication (ADP) 3-0 and ADRP 3-0, but is also grounded in joint doctrine such as found in Joint Publication (JP) 3-0, JP 3-01, JP 3-09, and JP 3-60. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this manual. The scope of this publication is broad in its focus in order to deal with fires as a complete entity. It gives equal treatment to the diverse assets that are designated as fires resources. The successful employment of fires depends on the integration and synchronization of all forms of fires within all the warfighting functions. This manual forms the foundation for training and Army education curricula on fires. This publication describes the fires warfighting function in terms of its major components, functions, and required products, and describes how fires are employed in terms of the operations process. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable United States (U.S.), international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See field manual [FM] 27-10.)

Download or read book Fires from the Sea The Carrier Battle Group as a Source of Operational Fires written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph seeks to evaluate the capability of a carrier battle group to conduct operational fires in support of a land campaign or major land operation. A brief explanation of operational art is presented to lay the framework in which the evaluation might be completed. The term operational fire is then examined in detail so that this combat function might be better understood and properly applied in support of a major operation. The carrier battle groups ability to conduct operational fire is then analyzed through examination of the historical precedence set during the Central Pacific Campaign of World War II. Finally, the evolution of doctrine associated with the carrier battle group is provided as the basis for which the capabilities and limitations of the carrier battle group as a source of operational fires is determined. After careful review of the definition of operational fire, the analysis of historical precedence and the examination of doctrinal evolution ; the capabilities/limitations of the carrier battle group reveal a continuing role for the carrier battle group in joint Operations.

Download or read book Exploring the Conditions for Decisive Operational Fires written by Thomas A. Kolditz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Strategic Airpower as Operational Fires written by United States Army Command and General S and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study seeks to determine under what conditions an operational commander might employ strategic airpower in his campaign design. This journey begins first by exploring the linkage between strategy, operations, and tactics. Next, U.S. Army and Air Force doctrines are compared for terminology and conceptual similarities, with particular emphasis on indivisible airpower and long-range bombers in the role of operational fires. Finally, four historical case studies - Operations Overlord, Cobra, Niagara (Khe Sanh), and Desert Storm - are analyzed for conditions in which previous commanders have used barbers to facilitate operational maneuver or set battlefield conditions favorable for campaign success. After a careful review of concepts, doctrine, and history, this monograph concludes with six conditions which have fostered integrating bombers into campaign design. These include: 1) A commanders awareness of bomber strengths and weaknesses; 2) A blending of surprise and overwhelming firepower within minimum time and space; 3) Little reaction or response time; 4) Economy of force conditions; 5) Numerical superiority favors the enemy; and 6) bomber impunity to enemy threat. Consequently, this monograph concludes that educating both current and future military leaders is a key element of integrating bombers into campaign design. The most fertile ground for planting this seed of knowledge rests within senior and intermediate service schools, only to be nourished to full growth during joint training exercises. Furthermore, as the U.S. military force structure continues to shrink, and our national military strategy shifts from forward deployed to a forward presence, the challenge of being able to respond in a timely manner with sufficient firepower to deter a potential adversary is certain to increase. Such a future clearly suggests a greater role for the barber.