Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Nuclear Explosions Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Appendix 1 Design of Test Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report contains the following items: (a) A description and discussion of design procedures and methods for use in the design of blast resistant structures, including the source of material, the basic assumptions, and the expected accuracy of the assumptions; (b) A description of each of the buildings in the test structure including complete plans and specifications; (c) A complete presentation of the pressure-time curves used as the design loads on the various buildings; (d) Summary sheets tabulating the pressures, materials, dimensions, and the unit stresses for the various panels, walls, roofs and frames; (e) Samples of the computations for the test building illustrating various detailed procedures; (f) A summary of the proposed instrumentation with emphasis on the type of information desired, with drawings and charts showing the location and required sensitivity of the instruments; and (g) An outline of a recommended general and detailed procedure for the analysis of the field measurements and the modification of the design methods. (MM).
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appendix 11 summarizes the post-test analysis and compares calculated results with the recorded behavior of these structures. These post-test analyses indicate that the design methods proposed prior to the tests were valid and with minor modification are completely adequate for use in predicting the behavior of structures under blast load.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Volume 2 Part 3 Evaluation of Programs 3 to 6 and 8 Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by Bert E. Pettitt and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of the Air Force Structures Project 3.3 are threefold. First, it is desired to determine basic parameters, such as pressure, acceleration, and displacement, for selected industrial structures; second, it is desired to check and, if possible, improve or revise analytical methods for determining load and response of structures; third, it is desired to provide basic data which can be applied to the development of programs leading to the solution of target-analysis problems.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 8 1 Blast Effects on Aircraft in Flight Nuclear Explosion written by and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this report is to present data concerning the structural and aerodynamic loads as measured on various types of aircraft, in flight, in the vicinity of an atomic explosion. A secondary objective is to describe the instrumentation (installation, calibration, and operation) in order to provide for the future planning and conduct of similar tests. The data presented herein were obtained on Dog, Easy, and George shots of Operation Greenhouse. The airplanes used to collect these data were B-17's, T-33's, B-50D's and one XB-47. These instrumented airplanes were arrayed at preassigned locations in the air space above the explosions. A total of approximately 250 channels of information were obtained which essentially consisted in wing bending, torsion, and shear at the root, mid-span, and outer panel; horizontal stabilizer bending at the root; normal accelerations at the nose, c.g., and tail; aerodynamic pressures at various locations on the airplanes; and temperatures experienced by various critical components of the airplane. The positions of the airplanes at the time of shock arrival were accurately determined by means of radar tracking. The measured data were correlated by means of time signals, every second, from a land based radio transmitter station, and with reference to time zero, by means of a photoelectric cell. The recorded data show that the loads produced by the shock wave were in general accord with theory. The loading experienced by an airplane while passing through the 'puff' of the atomic cloud is shown to be considerably higher than that caused by the shock wave. For this reason the penetration of the puff should be avoided even by 'sampling' drones.
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 5 Neutron Measurements Part 1 Diagnostic Neutron Experiments written by E. H. Krause and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of radiation on the passage of an electromagnetic wave along a cable are too complicated to predict accurately from theory alone. Also, near the bomb, the intensity during the shot is so high that the results of laboratory measurements must be extrapolated by too many orders of magnitude to be applied with much confidence to the test conditions. Therefore a number of cables were installed near the bomb for the sole purpose of study the radiation effects, both to help correct the data obtained in the present tests and to help predict shielding requirements in future tests. The two types of effects looked for were (1) a simple attenuation of a voltage across the line due to the shunt conductance set up when Compton recoil electrons from the gamma rays ionize the gas between the inner and outer conductors; and (2) an induced signal due to the Compton electrons being knocked out of the inner and outer conductors in unequal amounts. On the basis of the results, a discussion is given of the adequacy of the coral shielding actually used to protect the horizontal cable runs.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 9 Air Drop Instrumentation Part 3 Disc Camera written by EDGERTON GERMESHAUSEN AND GRIER INC BOSTON MA. and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disc camera was designed for use to determine the growth characteristic of the fireball and so the yield. The instrument has three separate optical systems and can record three separate streak images of the fireball on a rotating glass photographic plate. The angular velocity of the photoplate at the time of exposure s determined by marker pips recorded on the photoplate. The marker generator is gated by a phototube and is turned off by a time delay. Time to minimum can be determined directly from the streaks and by the use of the scaling laws. Bhangmeter yield can also be determined. For Operation Greenhouse, two cameras were operated in phototowers. Good records were obtained on the first two shots. On the George Shot, which was a daylight test, the photocell in the fiducial marker did not function and no records were attained. The cameras were not operated on the Item Shot. The yields derived compare favorably with those from other fireball determinations.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by Joseph Kelley (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In considering problems associated with strategic bombing using atomic weapons, two significant and as yet unanswered questions that are vitally important to the airplane structural designer have confronted Air Force tactical planners. The first of these two questions is one of current importance. It inquires as to the position relative to an atomic explosion that can be occupied by present day military aircraft without incurring structural damage. The second involves future air weapons. It is concerned with the determination of criteria for designing structures of future air carriers which are designated for the accomplishment of tactical and strategic missions using atomic weapons.
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 9 5 Base Facilities written by P. W. Spain and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1951 NTPR report describes an AECM (Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Maintenance) contract for the Eniwetok test site. Reconnaissance of Eniwetok Atoll was undertaken in October 1948 to determine the conditions at the site which would affect the construction of all facilities for a semipermanent proving ground. Based on this reconnaissance, an engineering report was prepared which proposed methods and costs of construction of the minimum facilities then proposed as necessary. Mobilization for construction began in February 1949, and construction started in July 1949. Support of the scientific and technical personnel and operations began in December 1951 and was essentially completed at the end of the Operation Greenhouse in June 1951. The contractor was able to successfully construct and furnish all items and services requested. At the end of Operation Greenhouse, the facilities were 'rolled-up' and placed in maintenance status until such time as build-up begins for a future operation.
Download or read book Operation Greenhouse Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 written by Bert E. Pettitt and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of the Air Force Structures Project 3.3 are threefold. First, it is desired to determine basic parameters, such as pressure, acceleration, and displacement, for selected industrial structures; second, it is desired to check and, if possible, improve or revise analytical methods for determining load and response of structures; third, it is desired to provide basic data which can be applied to the development of programs leading to the solution of target-analysis problems.
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 6 Blast Measurements Part 2 Free Air Peak Pressure Measurements Section 2 Telemetering from Moored Balloons written by A. J. Frolich and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the free-air peak-pressure as a function of distance from an atomic explosion. In this report, 'free-air peak-pressure' is defined as the pressure at the head of the blast wave in regions where it has not been reinforced by a reflected wave. Operation in the test area was more difficult than anticipated. Heavy winds made balloon handling very difficult. On the whole, the radio link performed satisfactorily on all occasions and appears to be a reliable method. For some unknown reason, blast switches closer than 1,500 feet failed to give satisfactory signals. Pressures were computed using the Rankine-Hugoniot relation, which is based on the shock wave being a definite discontinuity in pressure. Since the pressures measured on the ground showed relatively long times, there has been some speculation that a true shock wave may not exist in free air. If a true shock wave does not exist in the free-air region, pressures as computed are not correct, and the method of this experiment cannot be used.
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 3 Thermal Radiation Measurements Part 1 Atmospheric Transmission Part 2 Total Thermal Radiation Part 3 Radiant Power as a Function of Time Photoelectric Measurements Appendix A and Appendix B written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric transmission measurements were most important to the thermal program since they gave the information which was necessary to compute and cancel out the effects of intervening air paths on measurements of total thermal energy, radiant energy, radiant power with respect to time, and spectral emission of the bombs. The brightness temperature of each of the Operation Greenhouse firebals was measured in two wavelength regions as a function of time. The measurements were made with high-speed filtered photoelectric systems located at Parry Island. The Teller Light phenomena is also covered. The Thermal Radiation Project included specific objectives of recording the spectra of the release of visible and ultraviolet radiation by an exploding nuclear weapon in three stages: Teller Light, first maximum, and second maximum.
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Volume 2 Part 2 Evaluation of Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biomedical program of the 1951 tests of nuclear weapons at Eniwetok is described in some detail. The purpose of the experimentation was to obtain information that could be used in planning adequate medical care for victims of atomic warfare. To accomplish this purpose experiments were designed: (a) to measure biologically the dose of gamma radiation and neutrons as functions of distance; (b) to determine the relative biological efficiency of gamma radiation; (c) to determine the median lethal dose of gamma radiation for large animals; (d) to specify the quality of the gamma ray; (e) to define the characteristics of flash burns; (f) to estimate the nature of the radiation hazard to personnel in aircraft traversing an atomic cloud; and (g) to examine the protection afforded by a foxhole. The predicted values for the field variables (nuclear radiation, thermal radiation, and blast) are discussed summarily, and the design of the experiments is described. For the benefit of those who may plan other biomedical tests, a synopsis of the procedures employed is presented with critical comments.
Download or read book OPERATION GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 9 1 Staff Reports Parts 1 to 4 Annex 9 4 Documentary Photography written by LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LAB ALBUQUERQUE NM. and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 6 9 Protective Clothing and Clothing and Personnel Decontamination written by F. M. Steadman and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 1 1 Prompt Gamma Ray Measurements Part 3 The Measurement of Transit Time written by W. C. Hall and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eport describes the procedures followed in measuring the transit time of the atomic explosions evaluated in Operation Greenhouse. It includes a description of the equipment used, the installations made, and the results obtained. Transmit time measurements were obtainded for the Easy, George and Item Shots; and on the whole, the transit-time recording equipment performed well. (Author).
Download or read book Operation GREENHOUSE Scientific Director s Report of Atomic Weapon Tests at Eniwetok 1951 Annex 5 1 Annex B Polaroid Dosimeters written by H. Haselkorn and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
