Download or read book Open Systems For Europe written by T. Elliman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open Systems for Europe AD. Elliman, C. Sanger Open Systems for Europe combines two important and topical themes. First, Open Systems - the development of vendor-independent means to link and interwork with applications across a range of different systems. Secondly, the formation of a single European market after 1992 with its attendant opening up of public purchasing and the removal of the remaining obstacles to the free movement of products, people and services between the member states of the European Community. What unites these two themes is the issue of standards. As Walter de Backer, Director of Informatics of the Commission of the European Communities ( CEC) says in his keynote paper [Ch. 1J, more and more organisations are beginning to realise that an IT strategy based on standards is feasible, econo mic and necessary. It is feasible, if not immediately, then certainly through an evolutionary path phased over a number of years; it is economic because the costs associated with interface changes and conversions can be avoided, if not eliminated totally; and it is necessary if organisations are to communicate and interwork effectively. Moreover, the restructuring of Europe into a single market has already prompted a realignment of corporate interests - existing groups are breaking up and forming new, pan-European conglomerates.
Download or read book The Upper Layers of Open Systems Interconnection written by Rainer W.G. Herbers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interoperability has been a requirement in NATO ever since the Alliance came into being - an obvious requirement when 16 independent Nations agree to allocate national resources for the achievement of a common goal: to maintain peace. With the appearance of data processing in the command and control pro cess of the armed forces, the requirement for interoperability expanded into the data processing field. Although problems of procedural and operational interoperability had been constantly resolved to some extent as they arose over the years, the introduction of data proces sing increased the problems of technical interoperability. The increase was partially due to the natural desire of nations to support their own national industries. But it was definetely also due to the lack of time and resources needed to solve the problems. During the mid- and late -1970s the International Standards Organisa tion (ISO) decided to develop a concept ("model") which would allow "systems" to intercommunicate. The famous ISO 7-layer model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) was born. The OSI model was adopted by NATO in 1983 as thi basis for standardization of data communications in NATO. The very successful (first) Symposium on Interoperability of ADP Sys tems, held in November 1982 at the SHAPE Technical Centre (STC), gave an exten~ive overview of the work carried out on the lower layers of the model and revealed some intriguing ideas about the upper layers. The first Symposium accurately reflected the state-of-the-art at that point in time.
Download or read book Open Systems For Europe written by T. Elliman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-08-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open Systems for Europe AD. Elliman, C. Sanger Open Systems for Europe combines two important and topical themes. First, Open Systems - the development of vendor-independent means to link and interwork with applications across a range of different systems. Secondly, the formation of a single European market after 1992 with its attendant opening up of public purchasing and the removal of the remaining obstacles to the free movement of products, people and services between the member states of the European Community. What unites these two themes is the issue of standards. As Walter de Backer, Director of Informatics of the Commission of the European Communities ( CEC) says in his keynote paper [Ch. 1J, more and more organisations are beginning to realise that an IT strategy based on standards is feasible, econo mic and necessary. It is feasible, if not immediately, then certainly through an evolutionary path phased over a number of years; it is economic because the costs associated with interface changes and conversions can be avoided, if not eliminated totally; and it is necessary if organisations are to communicate and interwork effectively. Moreover, the restructuring of Europe into a single market has already prompted a realignment of corporate interests - existing groups are breaking up and forming new, pan-European conglomerates.
Download or read book Information Technology Atlas Europe written by International Organisations Services and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AUUGN written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-02 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Signal written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Industrial Restructuring in the 1990s written by Karen Cool and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The restructuring of most European industries may have taken an irreversible turn. However, is this a turn in the right direction? Is European industry becoming more competitive? This book evaluates what has been accomplished to date and what the key remaining policy and managerial tasks are for the 1990s.
Download or read book Open Systems for Europe written by Tony Elliman and published by . This book was released on 1991-06 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Governing Telecommunications and the New Information Society in Europe written by Jacint Jordana and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-10-29 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: '. . . offers a fresh look at efforts to manage telecommunications and the emerging "information society" in Europe.ë _ Communication Booknotes Quarterly European countries have recently been involved in an extremely broad set of regulator
Download or read book Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary written by J.K. Petersen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 2199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within a few short years, fiber optics has skyrocketed from an interesting laboratory experiment to a billion-dollar industry. But with such meteoric growth and recent, exciting advances, even references published less than five years ago are already out of date. The Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary fills a gap in the literature by providing instructors, hobbyists, and top-level engineers with an accessible, current reference. From the author of the best-selling Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary, this comprehensive reference includes fundamental physics, basic technical information for fiber splicing, installation, maintenance, and repair, and follow-up information for communications and other professionals using fiber optic components. Well-balanced, well-researched, and extensively cross-referenced, it also includes hundreds of photographs, charts, and diagrams that clarify the more complex ideas and put simpler ideas into their applications context. Fiber optics is a vibrant field, not just in terms of its growth and increasing sophistication, but also in terms of the people, places, and details that make up this challenging and rewarding industry. In addition to furnishing an authoritative, up-to-date resource for relevant industry definitions, this dictionary introduces many exciting recent applications as well as hinting at emerging future technologies.
Download or read book Information Technology Standards written by Martin Libicki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines information technology standards and discusses what they are, what they do, how they originate, and how they evolve. While standards are important in improving system interoperability and thereby increasing economic productivity, they are unlikely to achieve their full potential due to a variety of factors, chief of which is the politics of the standard process itself. Libicki points out that the government is not likely the best source for designing and promoting standards. He does an excellent job of breaking down many complex technical issues and presenting them in a fashion that technical people can enjoy and policy makers can understand.
Download or read book Comparative Reasoning in European Supreme Courts written by Michal Bobek and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two decades have witnessed an exponential growth in debates on the use of foreign law by courts. Different labels have been attached to the same phenomenon: judges drawing inspiration from outside of their national legal systems for solving purely domestic disputes. By doing so, the judges are said to engage in cross-border judicial dialogues. They are creating a larger, transnational community of judges. This book puts similar claims to test in relation to highest national jurisdictions (supreme and constitutional courts) in Europe today. How often and why do judges choose to draw inspiration from foreign materials in solving domestic cases? The book addresses these questions from both an empirical and a theoretical angle. Empirically, the genuine use of comparative arguments by national highest courts in five European jurisdictions is examined: England and Wales, France, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. On the basis of comparative discussion of the practice and its national theoretical underpinning in these and partially also in other European systems, an overreaching theoretical framework for the current judicial use of comparative arguments is developed. Drawing on the author's own past judicial experience in a national supreme court, this book is a critical account of judicial engagement with foreign authority in Europe today. The sober middle ground inductively conceptualized and presented in this book provides solid jurisprudential foundations for the ongoing use of comparative arguments by courts as well as its further scholarly discussion.
Download or read book European Electricity Systems in Transition written by A. Midttun and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-02-17 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electricity generation and supply industry is undergoing rapid changes in the 1990s. As demands for economic power continue to increase, governments throughout Europe are contemplating a reformation of electricity policy for the 21st century. This book discusses the current state of the European electricity generation and supply industry and the options for improvement in the future. Written by renowned experts in the field of energy policy and economics, the book includes detailed case studies of national electricity regulation from around Europe, and a timely overview of European Union electricity policy on liberalisation and deregulation. Given that the changes to the European electricity industries will provide valuable pointers to change in other areas, this book is essential reading for industry analysts, policy makers, utility companies and others with an interest in the future of energy generation and transmission worldwide.
Download or read book Towards a CSCW Framework for Scientific Cooperation in Europe written by Hannes P. Lubich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-01-26 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the still young, but already large and very active interdisciplinary realm of computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) in a systematic and well-balanced way. Besides technical progress also the cultural, social, legal, psychological and economic aspects of CSCW are discussed. The book makes accessible a wealth of information and culminates in the development and detailed discussion of a "Collaboratory" suitable to fulfil the needs of scientific cooperation in Europe. The book addresses CSCW research and development professionals as well as the general scientist interested in CSCW-based scientific cooperation. The bibliography with its more than 600 entries and the subject index are particularly comprehensive and helpful.
Download or read book IT Perspectives Conference written by Sam Stuart and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IT Perspectives Conference is a documentation of the top-level conference sponsored by the publishers of Computer Weekly, which aims to examine the issues that concern computer professionals and to provide at least some of the answers while indicating the directions which IT may be expected to take moving on to the 1990s. Leading figures from the IT industry and from major computer users show how they are tackling the transition from the limited task based approach of traditional computing to the more wide-ranging strategic issues implicit in the concept of information as a resource to be managed, used competitively, and even sold. In looking towards a future characterized by transaction-oriented systems, online databases, and distributed processing, the significance of tools such as fourth generation languages and computer-assisted software engineering is described and the vital role of communications at all levels from local area networks to the development of international standards is examined. This book will be useful to anyone wishing to discern the main trends in IT development and computer systems implementation as they set out to develop the systems of the 1990s.
Download or read book U S telecommunications services in European markets written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Constructing a European Market written by Michelle P. Egan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysing the policies and institutions used by the EU to create a single market, this text draws upon literature from several disciplines to develop an account of the regulatory strategies and institutional arrangements adopted.
