Download or read book On Using Analogy to Reconcile Connections and Symbols written by John A. Barnden and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Networks for Knowledge Representation and Inference written by Daniel S. Levine and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second published collection based on a conference sponsored by the Metroplex Institute for Neural Dynamics -- the first is Motivation, Emotion, and Goal Direction in Neural Networks (LEA, 1992) -- this book addresses the controversy between symbolicist artificial intelligence and neural network theory. A particular issue is how well neural networks -- well established for statistical pattern matching -- can perform the higher cognitive functions that are more often associated with symbolic approaches. This controversy has a long history, but recently erupted with arguments against the abilities of renewed neural network developments. More broadly than other attempts, the diverse contributions presented here not only address the theory and implementation of artificial neural networks for higher cognitive functions, but also critique the history of assumed epistemologies -- both neural networks and AI -- and include several neurobiological studies of human cognition as a real system to guide the further development of artificial ones. Organized into four major sections, this volume: * outlines the history of the AI/neural network controversy, the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, and shows the various capabilities such as generalization and discreetness as being along a broad but common continuum; * introduces several explicit, theoretical structures demonstrating the functional equivalences of neurocomputing with the staple objects of computer science and AI, such as sets and graphs; * shows variants on these types of networks that are applied in a variety of spheres, including reasoning from a geographic database, legal decision making, story comprehension, and performing arithmetic operations; * discusses knowledge representation process in living organisms, including evidence from experimental psychology, behavioral neurobiology, and electroencephalographic responses to sensory stimuli.
Download or read book Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes written by Ron Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-08-19 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes: A Perspective on the State of the Art focuses on a currently emerging body of research. With the reemergence of neural networks in the 1980s with their emphasis on overcoming some of the limitations of symbolic AI, there is clearly a need to support some form of high-level symbolic processing in connectionist networks. As argued by many researchers, on both the symbolic AI and connectionist sides, many cognitive tasks, e.g. language understanding and common sense reasoning, seem to require high-level symbolic capabilities. How these capabilities are realized in connectionist networks is a difficult question and it constitutes the focus of this book. Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes addresses the underlying architectural aspects of the integration of neural and symbolic processes. In order to provide a basis for a deeper understanding of existing divergent approaches and provide insight for further developments in this field, this book presents: (1) an examination of specific architectures (grouped together according to their approaches), their strengths and weaknesses, why they work, and what they predict, and (2) a critique/comparison of these approaches. Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes is of interest to researchers, graduate students, and interested laymen, in areas such as cognitive science, artificial intelligence, computer science, cognitive psychology, and neurocomputing, in keeping up-to-date with the newest research trends. It is a comprehensive, in-depth introduction to this new emerging field.
Download or read book The Algebraic Mind written by Gary F. Marcus and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Algebraic Mind, Gary Marcus attempts to integrate two theories about how the mind works, one that says that the mind is a computer-like manipulator of symbols, and another that says that the mind is a large network of neurons working together in parallel. Resisting the conventional wisdom that says that if the mind is a large neural network it cannot simultaneously be a manipulator of symbols, Marcus outlines a variety of ways in which neural systems could be organized so as to manipulate symbols, and he shows why such systems are more likely to provide an adequate substrate for language and cognition than neural systems that are inconsistent with the manipulation of symbols. Concluding with a discussion of how a neurally realized system of symbol-manipulation could have evolved and how such a system could unfold developmentally within the womb, Marcus helps to set the future agenda of cognitive neuroscience.
Download or read book Analogy Metaphor and Reminding written by John A. Barnden and published by Ablex Publishing Corporation. This book was released on 1994 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Knowledge Representation written by Arthur B. Markman and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation is fundamental to the study of mind. All theories of psychological processing are rooted in assumptions about how information is stored. These assumptions, in turn, influence the explanatory power of theories. This book fills a gap in the existing literature by providing an overview of types of knowledge representation techniques and their use in cognitive models. Organized around types of representations, this book begins with a discussion of the foundations of knowledge representation, then presents discussions of different ways that knowledge representation has been used. Both symbolic and connectionist approaches to representation are discussed and a set of recommendations about the way representations should be used is presented. This work can be used as the basis for a course on knowledge representation or can be read independently. It will be useful to students of psychology as well as people in related disciplines--computer science, philosophy, anthropology, and linguistics--who want an introduction to techniques for knowledge representation.
Download or read book Optimality in Biological and Artificial Networks written by Daniel S. Levine and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the third in a series based on conferences sponsored by the Metroplex Institute for Neural Dynamics, an interdisciplinary organization of neural network professionals in academia and industry. The topics selected are of broad interest to both those interested in designing machines to perform intelligent functions and those interested in studying how these functions are actually performed by living organisms and generate discussion of basic and controversial issues in the study of mind. The topic of optimality was chosen because it has provoked considerable discussion and controversy in many different academic fields. There are several aspects to the issue of optimality. First, is it true that actual behavior and cognitive functions of living animals, including humans, can be considered as optimal in some sense? Second, what is the utility function for biological organisms, if any, and can it be described mathematically? Rather than organize the chapters on a "biological versus artificial" basis or by what stance they took on optimality, it seemed more natural to organize them either by what level of questions they posed or by what intelligent functions they dealt with. The book begins with some general frameworks for discussing optimality, or the lack of it, in biological or artificial systems. The next set of chapters deals with some general mathematical and computational theories that help to clarify what the notion of optimality might entail in specific classes of networks. The final section deals with optimality in the context of many different high-level issues, including exploring one's environment, understanding mental illness, linguistic communication, and social organization. The diversity of topics covered in this book is designed to stimulate interdisciplinary thinking and speculation about deep problems in intelligent system organization.
Download or read book Memory and the Computational Brain written by C. R. Gallistel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory and the Computational Brain offers a provocative argument that goes to the heart of neuroscience, proposing that the field can and should benefit from the recent advances of cognitive science and the development of information theory over the course of the last several decades. A provocative argument that impacts across the fields of linguistics, cognitive science, and neuroscience, suggesting new perspectives on learning mechanisms in the brain Proposes that the field of neuroscience can and should benefit from the recent advances of cognitive science and the development of information theory Suggests that the architecture of the brain is structured precisely for learning and for memory, and integrates the concept of an addressable read/write memory mechanism into the foundations of neuroscience Based on lectures in the prestigious Blackwell-Maryland Lectures in Language and Cognition, and now significantly reworked and expanded to make it ideal for students and faculty
Download or read book Reiki Collection written by Penelope Quest and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get these two books on the increasingly popular Reiki healing technique—an over $35 value for only $23.99! Penelope Quest is one the most respected and sought-after teachers and practitioners of Reiki, a powerful energy-healing technique. Now, readers can enjoy and learn from her seminal works—Reiki for Life and The Reiki Manual—at a special introductory price! Reiki for Life An exciting and comprehensive handbook, Reiki for Life contains everything readers need to know about the healing art of Reiki. This practical guide covers all points: basic routines, details about the power and potential of each level, special techniques for enhancing Reiki practice, and helpful direction on the use of Reiki toward spiritual growth. Penelope Quest also compares the origins and development of Reiki in the West and the East, revealing methods specific to the original Japanese Reiki tradition. Suitable for beginners, experienced practitioners, and teachers alike, this book: *explains what Reiki is and how it works; *gives detailed instruction in First and Second Degree techniques; *illustrates how to perform Reiki on yourself, as well as others; *advises on how to become a Reiki Master/teacher; and *includes special advanced methods for working with Reiki. Complete with illustrations and a useful section of resources, Reiki for Life is a must-have for the tens of thousands of Western seekers anxious to learn about this fast-growing healing practice. The Reiki Manual Reiki is a holistic system for balancing, healing, and harmonizing all aspects of the person-body, mind, emotions, and spirit-encouraging deep relaxation and the release of stress and tension, and promoting awareness and spiritual growth. This comprehensive manual provides much-needed support for students and teachers who want to follow the best practices. Covering Reiki levels 1, 2, and 3, this book conveys information in an accessible, structured, and interactive way to enhance the reader's understanding, knowledge, and experience of the practice. The final section of the manual contains reference material specifically for students who wish to become professional practitioners, and for Masters who want to broaden their training. This section also offers the foundation for additional courses or workshops on topics such as health and safety and managing a successful practice. The Reiki Manual can be used: *as student preparation before a Reiki class *as a textbook during Reiki courses *as post-course reading, or for reviewing what has already been learned (it includes revision questions and revision activities) *by Reiki practitioners to help them practice in the best, most professional way and by Reiki Masters as a guide to devise and deliver a Reiki course. More extensive than any other Reiki book on the market, The Reiki Manual will be referred to by lay readers as well as devoted students for many years to come!
Download or read book Understanding Human Resource Development written by Jim McGoldrick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume contains original chapters by some of the leading researchers and writers in HRD. It provides a definitive work on the design and conduct of research in HRD and identifies and examines the possibilities and limitations of particular methods and techniques. Emerging debates on the purpose, nature and practice and theoretical base of HRD are examined. Each chapter is structured with: * Statement of aims * Description of theoretical and empirical context^ * Identification and examination of methodological issues * Description and evaluation of research design * Critical analysis and evaluation * Key learning points
Download or read book Defining Religion written by Robert Cummings Neville and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of essays, written over the past decade, Robert Cummings Neville addresses contemporary debates about the concept of religion and the importance of the comparative method in theology, while advancing and defending his own original definition of religion. Neville's hypothesis is that religion is a cognitive, existential, and practical engagement of ultimate realities—five ultimate conditions of existence that need to be engaged by human beings. The essays, which range from formal articles to invited lectures, develop this hypothesis and explore its ramifications in religious experience, philosophical theology, religious studies, and the works of important thinkers in philosophy of religion. Defining Religion is an excellent introduction to Neville's work, especially to the systematic philosophical theology presented in his magisterial three-volume set Philosophical Theology.
Download or read book The Sounding Symbol written by George Odam and published by Nelson Thornes. This book was released on 1995 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing music teachers and student teachers with an understanding of what constitutes good practice in the classroom, this text combines recent research of music theory - particularly on music and the brain - with a strong practical emphasis on how this applies in class.
Download or read book The Dream Interpretation Dictionary written by J.M. DeBord and published by Visible Ink Press. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unravels dream symbols and their meanings What do reoccurring dreams reveal? What's the purpose of nightmares—and can they be stopped? Why do some people show up in dreams? Are some dreams actually warnings? Going beyond superficial explanations, The Dream Interpretation Dictionary: Symbols, Signs and Meanings brings a deep and rich understanding to a variety of images, signs, and symbols. It considers the context to help anyone complete their own personal jigsaw puzzle. It provides the tools to allow anyone to sort through possible connections and to make sense of their dreams. From entries ranging from “Abandonment” to “Zoo,” this massive tome analyzes sex dreams, money dreams, dreams of falling, running, or paralysis and much, much more. It brings profound insights to thousands of dream messages. It shows what to look for and what to ignore and teaches how to master dream interpretation. Examples of symbols are given. The complexity and context of a dream are explored. Signs and their meanings are illustrated. Illuminating the intelligence of dreams, decoding clues, explaining symbols, and revealing the universal meanings of each as well as their subtler associations, The Dream Interpretation Dictionary: Symbols, Signs, and Meanings explores the messages delivered by the unconscious mind during sleep. It examines how dreams connect to daily life. It shows how dreams can lead to deeper understanding and self-awareness. Also included are a helpful bibliography and an extensive index, adding to the book’s usefulness.
Download or read book The Political Dimension of Reconciliation written by Ralf K. Wüstenberg and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2009-04-08 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When a nation is working through its past, the call for reconciliation is often expressed, as was the case in South Africa after the end of apartheid and in Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Informed by Ralf Wstenberg s long residence in South Africa and his own native Germany, this book investigates the conditions and dynamics associated with political reconciliation. Wstenberg starts from the observation that reconciliation as a central theme in Christian theological teaching is spoken of in both theology and politics. But does it mean the same thing in both contexts? Is there a commonality of meaning for words like guilt and reconciliation in politics and theology? Where and under what conditions is it possible to translate from theological language into political and vice versa? Wstenberg s study promotes a genuine dialogue between religion and politics by carefully analyzing moral discourses in political transitions to democracy.
Download or read book Blueprint for Student Success written by Susan J. Jones and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2003-02-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a reality-based approach to classroom instruction designed to help learners at all levels achieve lifelong success. It offers teaching strategies, activities, and applications to enhance student achievement, stressing the importance of learning through discovery, creativity, application, adaptation, and high level thinking. It also reiterates the need for a positive atmosphere, rituals, and procedures enabling educators to strengthen students' knowledge and achievement for lifelong success. Nine chapters focus on: (1) "Laying the Groundwork for Learning: Meaning and Memory"; (2) "Fertile Fields for Learning: Supple as Cotton, Rigid as Steel"; (3) "First Get 'Em on the Line--Then You Can Reel 'Em In!"; (4) "Add it Up: The Whole is Greater Than the Sum of its Parts"; (5) "Paint Me a Picture, Show Me the Way: Reconciling the New with the Known"; (6) "Get Real! Transforming Learning to Real Life"; (7) "Who Said It Couldn't Be Done? Blueprints for Student Success"; (8) "I've Got It! Now How Do I Keep It?"; and (9) "Hey, How Am I Doing? Feedback in the Learning Process." (Contains 24 references.) (SM).
Download or read book Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference written by M. H. Hamza and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Music in Evolution and Evolution in Music written by Steven Jan and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2022-12-06 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Music in Evolution and Evolution in Music by Steven Jan is a comprehensive account of the relationships between evolutionary theory and music. Examining the ‘evolutionary algorithm’ that drives biological and musical-cultural evolution, the book provides a distinctive commentary on how musicality and music can shed light on our understanding of Darwin’s famous theory, and vice-versa. Comprised of seven chapters, with several musical examples, figures and definitions of terms, this original and accessible book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the relationships between music and evolutionary thought. Jan guides the reader through key evolutionary ideas and the development of human musicality, before exploring cultural evolution, evolutionary ideas in musical scholarship, animal vocalisations, music generated through technology, and the nature of consciousness as an evolutionary phenomenon. A unique examination of how evolutionary thought intersects with music, Music in Evolution and Evolution in Music is essential to our understanding of how and why music arose in our species and why it is such a significant presence in our lives.
