Download or read book On the Tweety Penguin Triangle Problem written by Jean Dezert and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, one studies the famous well-known and challenging Tweety Penguin Triangle Problem (TPTP or TP2) pointed out by Judea Pearl in one of his books.
Download or read book Advances and Applications of DSmT for Information Fusion Collected works written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2004 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers collected from researchers in fusion information, such as: Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, Hongshe Dang, Chongzhao Han, Frederic Dambreville, Milan Daniel, Mohammad Khoshnevisan, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Albena Tchamova, Tzvetan Semerdjiev, Pavlina Konstantinova, Hongyan Sun, Mohammad Farooq, John J. Sudano, Samuel Corgne, Gregoire Mercier, Laurence Hubert-Moy, Anne-Laure Jousselme, Patrick Maupin and others on Dezert-Smarandache Theory of Plausible and Paradoxical Reasoning (DSmT).. The principal theories available until now for data fusion are the probability theory, the fuzzy set theory, the possibility theory, the hint theory and the theory of evidence. Since last two years J. Dezert and F. Smarandache are actively developing a new theory of plausible and paradoxical reasoning, called DSmT (acronym for Dezert-Smarandache Theory), for information fusion of uncertain and highly conflicting sources of information. The DSmT can be interpreted as a generalization of the Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) but goes far beyond the DST. The free-DSmT model, which assumes that the ultimate refinement of the frame of discernment of the fusion problem is not accessible due to the intrinsic nature of its elements, is opposite to the Shafer's model (on which is based the DST) assuming the exhaustivity and exclusivity of all elements of the frame of discernment. The DSmT proposes a new theoretical framework for data fusion based on definition of hyper-power sets and a new simple commutative and associative rule of combination. Recently, it has been discovered, through a new DSm hybrid rule of combination, that DSmT can be also extended to problems involving hybrid-models (models including some exclusivity and/or non-existentially constraints). This new important theoretical result offers now to the DSmT a wider class of fusion applications and allows potentially to attack the next generation of complex dynamical/temporal fusion problems. DSmT can also provide a theoretical issue for the fusion of neutrosophic information (extension of fuzzy information proposed by F. Smarandache in nineties - see http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/FirstNeutConf.htm for details about the neutrosophy logic and neutrosophy set theory).
Download or read book Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue written by Ellen Breitholtz and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Enthymemes and Topoi in Dialogue, Ellen Breitholtz presents a novel and precise account of reasoning from an interactional perspective. The account draws on the concepts of enthymemes and topoi, originating in Aristotelian rhetoric and dialectic, and integrates these in a formal dialogue semantic account using TTR, a type theory with records. Argumentation analysis and formal approaches to reasoning often focus the logical validity of arguments on inferences made in discourse from a god’s-eye perspective. In contrast, Breitholtz’s account emphasises the individual perspectives of interlocutors and the function and acceptability of their reasoning in context. This provides an analysis of interactions where interlocutors have access to different topoi and therefore make different inferences.
Download or read book Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems written by Judea Pearl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems is a complete and accessible account of the theoretical foundations and computational methods that underlie plausible reasoning under uncertainty. The author provides a coherent explication of probability as a language for reasoning with partial belief and offers a unifying perspective on other AI approaches to uncertainty, such as the Dempster-Shafer formalism, truth maintenance systems, and nonmonotonic logic. The author distinguishes syntactic and semantic approaches to uncertainty--and offers techniques, based on belief networks, that provide a mechanism for making semantics-based systems operational. Specifically, network-propagation techniques serve as a mechanism for combining the theoretical coherence of probability theory with modern demands of reasoning-systems technology: modular declarative inputs, conceptually meaningful inferences, and parallel distributed computation. Application areas include diagnosis, forecasting, image interpretation, multi-sensor fusion, decision support systems, plan recognition, planning, speech recognition--in short, almost every task requiring that conclusions be drawn from uncertain clues and incomplete information. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems will be of special interest to scholars and researchers in AI, decision theory, statistics, logic, philosophy, cognitive psychology, and the management sciences. Professionals in the areas of knowledge-based systems, operations research, engineering, and statistics will find theoretical and computational tools of immediate practical use. The book can also be used as an excellent text for graduate-level courses in AI, operations research, or applied probability.
Download or read book Reasons as Defaults written by John F. Horty and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, John Horty brings to bear his work in logic to present a framework that allows for answers to key questions about reasons and reasoning, namely: What are reasons, and how do they support actions or conclusions?
Download or read book Advances in Logic Based Intelligent Systems written by Kazumi Nakamatsu and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LAPTEC' 2005 promoted the discussion and interaction between researchers and practitioners focused on both theoretical and practical disciplines concerning logics applied to technology, with diverse backgrounds including all kinds of intelligent systems having classical or non-classical logics as underlying common matters.
Download or read book Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning written by Henry E. Kyburg Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) ani mal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interests from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psy chology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental capabilities of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelli gence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimental, and methodological studies will also ap pear from time to time. The present volume provides a collection of studies that focus on some of the central problems within the domain of artificial intelligence. These difficulties fall into four principal areas: defeasible reasoning (including the frame problem as apart), ordinary language (and the representation prob lems that it generates), the revision of beliefs (and its rules of inference), and knowledge representation (and the logical problems that are encountered there). These papers make original contributions to each of these areas of inquiry and should be of special interest to those who understand the crucial role that is played by questions of logical form. They vividly illustrate the benefits that can emerge from collaborative efforts involving scholars from linguistics, philosophy, computer science, and AI. J. H. F.
Download or read book Logic Methodology and Philosophy of Science IX written by D. Prawitz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-01-10 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the product of the Proceedings of the 9th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and contains the text of most of the invited lectures. Divided into 15 sections, the book covers a wide range of different issues. The reader is given the opportunity to learn about the latest thinking in relevant areas other than those in which they themselves may normally specialise.
Download or read book Semantic Networks written by Lokendra Shastri and published by Pitman Publishing. This book was released on 1988 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shastri’s book describes how a high-level specification of hierarchically structured knowledge about concepts and their properties may be encoded as a massively parallel network of a simple processing elements. The evidential formalization of semantic networks leads to a principled treatment of exceptions, multiple inheritance and conflicting information during inheritance, and the best match or partial match computation during recognition. This formalization offers semantically justifiable solutions to a larger class of problems than existing formulations (e.g. default logic). The network operates without the intervention of a central controller or interpreter. The knowledge as well as mechanisms for drawing limited inferences on it are encoded within the network. It uses controlled spreading activation to solve inheritance and recognition problems in time proportional to the depth of the conceptual hierarchy independent of the total number of concepts in the conceptual structure. The number of nodes in the connectionist network is at most quadratic in the number of concepts. The book has six chapters and one appendix. After the introduction in chapter 1 semantic networks their properties and formalizations are discussed in chapter 2. Especially the significance of inheritance and recognition and the evidential approach to it is pointed out here. Chapter 3 specifies a knowledge representation language. The problems of inheritance and recognition are reformulated in this language. In chapter 4 the evidential formalization and its application to inheritance and recognition are demonstrated. Section 4.1 derives an evidence combination rule. In the following two sections this rule is compared to the DEMPSTER-SHAFER evidence combination rule (section 4.2) and to the BAYES’ rule for computing conditional probabilities. The next two sections develop solutions to evidential inheritance (section 4.4) and evidential recognition (section 4.5) together with constraints for a conceptual structure. The connectionist realization of the memory network is developed in chapter 5. First the need for parallelism is discussed (section 5.1), then the connectionist model (section 5.2) and other massively parallel models of semantic memory (section 5.3) are reviewed. The connectionist encoding of the high-level specification is described in section 5.4 together with the connectivity and computational characteristics of node types. This is followed by examples of network encoding (section 5.5) and the elaboration of some implementation details (section 5.6). In section 5.7 and appendix A there is a proof that the proposed network solves the inheritance and recognition problem in accordance with the evidential formulation and in time proportional to the depth of the conceptual hierarchy. Section 5.8 describes the simulation of the proposed system on a conventional computer together with simulation runs of test examples often cited as being problematic. The book ends with a general discussion (chapter 6).
Download or read book IJCAI written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IJCAI 95 written by Christopher S. Mellish and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methodologies for Intelligent Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uncertainty in Knowledge Bases written by Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-09-11 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One out of every two men over eigthy suffers from carcinoma of the prostate.It is discovered incidentally in many patients with an alleged benign prostatic hyperplasia. In treating patients, the authors make clear that primary radical prostatectomy is preferred over transurethral resection due to the lower complication rate.
Download or read book Quantified Representation of Uncertainty and Imprecision written by Dov M. Gabbay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-10-31 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are happy to present the first volume of the Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems. Uncertainty pervades the real world and must therefore be addressed by every system that attempts to represent reality. The representation of uncertainty is a ma jor concern of philosophers, logicians, artificial intelligence researchers and com puter sciencists, psychologists, statisticians, economists and engineers. The present Handbook volumes provide frontline coverage of this area. This Handbook was produced in the style of previous handbook series like the Handbook of Philosoph ical Logic, the Handbook of Logic in Computer Science, the Handbook of Logic in Artificial Intelligence and Logic Programming, and can be seen as a companion to them in covering the wide applications of logic and reasoning. We hope it will answer the needs for adequate representations of uncertainty. This Handbook series grew out of the ESPRIT Basic Research Project DRUMS II, where the acronym is made out of the Handbook series title. This project was financially supported by the European Union and regroups 20 major European research teams working in the general domain of uncertainty. As a fringe benefit of the DRUMS project, the research community was able to create this Hand book series, relying on the DRUMS participants as the core of the authors for the Handbook together with external international experts.
Download or read book Defeasible Deontic Logic written by Donald Nute and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relevant to philosophy, law, management, and artificial intelligence, these papers explore the applicability of nonmonotonic or defeasible logic to normative reasoning. The resulting systems purport to solve well-known deontic paradoxes and to provide a better treatment than classical deontic logic does of prima facie obligation, conditional obligation, and priorities of normative principles.
Download or read book Computational Intelligence for Modelling Control Automation written by Masoud Mohammadian and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited Book is dedicated to the theory and applications of Evolutionary Computation and Fuzzy Logic for Intelligent Control, Knowledge Acquisition and Information Retrieval. The book consists of 86 selected research papers from the 1999 International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation - CIMCA'99 The research papers presented in this book cover new techniques and applications in the following research areas: Evolutionary Computation, Fuzzy Logic and Expert Systems with their applications for Optimisation, Learning, Control, Scheduling and Multi-Criteria Analysis as well as Reliability Assessment, Information Retrieval and Knowledge Acquisition.
Download or read book Dynamics and Management of Reasoning Processes written by John-Jules Ch. Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the 6th volume in the DRUMS Handbook series, is part of the after math of the successful ESPRIT project DRUMS (Defeasible Reasoning and Un certainty Management Systems) which took place in two stages from 1989-1996. In the second stage (1993-1996) a work package was introduced devoted to the topics Reasoning and Dynamics, covering both the topics of 'Dynamics of Rea soning', where reasoning is viewed as a process, and 'Reasoning about Dynamics', which must be understood as pertaining to how both designers of and agents within dynamic systems may reason about these systems. The present volume presents work done in this context. This work has an emphasis on modelling and formal techniques in the investigation of the topic "Reasoning and Dynamics", but it is not mere theory that occupied us. Rather research was aimed at bridging the gap between theory and practice. Therefore also real-life applications of the modelling techniques were considered, and we hope this also shows in this volume, which is focused on the dynamics of reasoning processes. In order to give the book a broader perspective, we have invited a number of well-known researchers outside the project but working on similar topics to contribute as well. We have very pleasant recollections of the project, with its lively workshops and other meetings, with the many sites and researchers involved, both within and outside our own work package.
