Download or read book On the Theory of Diffraction by an Aperture in an Infinite Plane Screen i written by Harold Levine and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diffraction of a scalar plane wave by an aperture in an infinite plane screen is examined theoretically. The wave function at an arbitrary point in space is expressed in terms of its values in the aperture, and constructed so as to vanish on the screen, in accordance with the assumed boundary condition. An integral equation to determine the aperture field is obtained from the continuity requirement for the normal derivative of the wave function on traversing the plane of the aperture. Utilizing the integral equation (whose solution is generally unobtainable), the amplitude of the diffracted spherical wave at large distances from the aperture is exhibited in a form which is stationary with respect to small variations (relative to the correct values) of the aperture fields arising from a pair of incident waves. This expression is independent of the scale of the aperture fields. The transmission cross section of the aperture for a plane wave is found to be simply related to the diffracted amplitude observed in the direction of incidence. The variational formulation is applied in detail for a wave incident normally on a circular aperture.
Download or read book On the Theory of Diffraction by an Aperture in an Infinite Plane Screen Ii written by Harold Levine and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diffraction of a scalar plane wave by an aperture in an infinite plane screen is examined theoretically. The wave function at an arbitrary point of space is expressed in terms of the discontinuity in its normal derivative at the screen, where the boundary condition is that of vanishing wave function. An integral equation for the discontinuity in normal derivative (or the residual function which measures its deviation from the simple distribution appropriate to a completely infinite screen) is the result of applying the boundary condition to the space wave function. Utilizing the integral equation (whose solution is generally unobtainable), the diffracted spherical wave amplitude at large distances from the aperture is cast into a form which is stationary with respect to small variations (relative to the correct values) of the residual functions arising from a pair of incident waves. An homogeneous expression for the amplitude is exhibited wherein the part independent of the residual functions defines a Kirchoff approximation. The connection with another stationary form of the amplitude, involving a pair of aperture wave functions, is examined. A variational expression for the plane wave transmission cross section of the aperture is based on the amplitude observed in the direction of incidence. The variational formulation is applied for a wave incident normally on a circular aperture. By comparison with the exact results available for this problem. it appears that use of simple residual functions in the variational formulation yields approximate, yet accurate expressions for the diffracted amplitude and transmission cross section over a wide range of frequencies. (Author).
Download or read book On the Theory of Electromagnetic Wave Diffraction by an Aperture in an Infinite Plane Conducting Screen written by Harold Levine and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves by an Aperture in an Infinite Plane Conducting Screen written by Howard How Chung Chang and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Scalar Diffraction by a Circular Aperture in an Infinite Plane Screen written by Adrianus T. de Hoop and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography on the Theory of Diffraction and Propagation of Radio Waves written by Nelson A. Logan and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predicting Outdoor Sound written by Keith Attenborough and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting Outdoor Sound provides a scholarly yet practical examination of the phenomena that affect outdoor sound close to the ground and its prediction. It is devoted to bringing together theories and data to give both researchers and practitioners the basis for deciding which model to use in a given situation. The book covers recent advances in theory, new and old empirical schemes, available data and comparisons between theory and data. Detailed case studies of predictions and their uses are presented. There are chapters on ground impedance models and data, methods of measuring ground impedance, ground effects in homogenous atmospheres, sound propagation in refracting and turbulent atmospheres, sound propagation from moving sources, the performance of outdoor noise barriers, the effects of tall vegetation and both numerical and empirical methods for predicting the various influences on outdoor sound. International in its applications, and written by authors who have been key in many of the recent advances, Predicting Outdoor Sound is a definitive reference for the acoustic engineer.
Download or read book QED and the Men who Made it written by Silvan S. Schweber and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1994-04-24 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the 1930s, physics was in a crisis. There appeared to be no way to reconcile the new theory of quantum mechanics with Einstein's theory of relativity. In the post-World War II period, four eminent physicists rose to the challenge and developed a calculable version of quantum electrodynamics (QED). This formulation of QED was pioneered by Freeman Dyson, Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, three of whom won the Nobel Prize for their work. Schweber begins with an account of the early work done by physicists such as Dirac and Jordan, and describes the gathering of eminent theorists at Shelter Island in 1947. The rest of his narrative comprises individual biographies of the four physicists, discussions of their major contributions, and the story of the scientific community in which they worked"--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Quantum Legacy A Seminal Papers Of Julian Schwinger written by Kimball A Milton and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-05-25 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Julian Schwinger (1918-1994) was one of the giants of 20th Century science. He contributed to a broad range of topics in theoretical physics, ranging from classical electrodynamics to quantum mechanics, from nuclear physics through quantum electrodynamics to the general theory of quantum fields. Although his mathematical prowess was legendary, he was fundamentally a phenomenologist. He received many awards, including the first Einstein Prize in 1951, and the Nobel Prize in 1965, which he shared with Richard Feynman and Sin-itiro Tomonaga for the self-consistent formulation of quantum electrodynamics into a practical theory. His more than 70 doctoral students have played a decisive role in the development of science in the second half of this century.This important volume includes many of Schwinger's most important papers, on the above and other topics, such as the theory of angular momentum and the theory of many-body systems. The papers collected here continue to underlie much of the work done by theoretical physicists today.
Download or read book Classical and Modern Diffraction Theory written by Kamill Klem-Musatov and published by SEG Books. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing geophysicists with an in-depth understanding of the theoretical and applied background for the seismic diffraction method, “Classical and Modern Diffraction Theory” covers the history and foundations of the classical theory and the key elements of the modern diffraction theory. Chapters include an overview and a historical review of classical theory, a summary of the experimental results illustrating this theory, and key principles of the modern theory of diffraction; the early cornerstones of classical diffraction theory, starting from its inception in the 17th century and an extensive introduction to reprinted works of Grimaldi, Huygens, and Young; details of the classical theory of diffractions as developed in the 19th century and reprinted works of Fresnel, Green, Helmholtz, Kirchhoff, and Rayleigh; and the cornerstones of the modern theory including Keller’s geometrical theory of diffraction, boundary-layer theory, and super-resolution. Appendices on the Cornu spiral and Babinet’s principle are also included.
Download or read book Mathematical Theory of Diffraction written by Arnold Sommerfeld and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A. Sommerfeld's "Mathematische Theorie der Diffraction" marks a milestone in optical theory, full of insights that are still relevant today. In a stunning tour de force, Sommerfeld derives the first mathematically rigorous solution of an optical diffraction problem. Indeed, his diffraction analysis is a surprisingly rich and complex mix of pure and applied mathematics, and his often-cited diffraction solution is presented only as an application of a much more general set of mathematical results. This complete translation, reflecting substantial scholarship, is the first publication in English of Sommerfeld's original work. The extensive notes by the translators are rich in historical background and provide many technical details for the reader.
Download or read book Acoustical Imaging written by Walter Arnold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustical imaging has become an indispensable tool in a variety of fields. Since its introduction, the applications have grown and cover a variety of techniques, producing significant results in fields as disparate as medicine and seismology. Cutting-edge trends continue to be discussed worldwide. This book contains the proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging (AI27), which took place in Saarbrücken, Germany, from March 24th to March 27th 2003. The Symposium belongs to a conference series in existence since 1968. AI27 comprised sessions on: Medical Imaging, Non-Destructive Testing, Seismic Imaging, Physics and Mathematics of Acoustical Imaging, Acoustic Microscopy. During two well-attended workshops the applications of quantitative acoustical imaging in biology and medical applications, and in near-field imaging of materials, were discussed. Based on its cross-disciplinary aspects, the authors of the papers of AI27 present experiments, theory and construction of new instruments.
Download or read book Diffraction by a Circular Aperture in a Unidirectionally Conducting Screen written by S. R. SESHADRI and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diffraction of a normally incident plane electromagnetic wave with wave number k by a circular aperture of rdius a in a unidirectionally conducting plane screen of zero thickness and infinite extent is considered. In the limit of large ka, the ratio of the transmission cross section to the geometrical optics value pi a squared, is found up to the order (ka) to the -3/2 power. A new feature of this problem is that a set of rays in the sense of Keler's geometrical theory of diffraction emanates from the regions of the aperture rim to which the current on the screen is nearly tangential and proceed in all directions. However, for the case of normal incidence, these rays do not contribute to the transmission cross section up to the order (ka) to the -3/2 power. (Author).
Download or read book Physical Optics written by Alan Mickelson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This present text has emerged from the lecture notes for a one semester, first year, graduate level course which has been offered yearly since fall 1985 here in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Enrollment in the course, however, has not been limited to first year graduate electrical engineering students, but has included seniors, as well as more advanced students, from a variety of disciplines including other areas of engineering and physics. Although other Physical Optics texts exist, the most up-to-date ones are written primarily for undergraduate courses. As is discussed in slightly more depth in the introduction in the beginning of Chap ter 1, up-to-dateness is important in a Physical Optics text, as even classical optics has been greatly rejuvenated by the events of the last 30 years, since the demonstration of the laser. The perception of this author is that the needs of a graduate level text are quite different from that of an undergraduate text. At the undergraduate level, one is generally pleased if the student can qualitatively grasp a portion of the concepts presented and have some recollection of where to look them up if need be later in his/her career. A deeper insight is necessary at the graduate level and is generally developed through qualitative analysis of the problems within the subject area.
Download or read book Introduction to THz Wave Photonics written by Xi-Cheng Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terahertz (THz) radiation, which is electromagnetic radiation in a frequency int- val from 0.3 to 10 THz (1 mm–30 ?m wavelength), is the next frontier in science and technology. This band occupies a large portion of the electromagnetic sp- trum between the infrared and microwave bands. Basic research, new initiatives, and developments in advanced sensing and imaging technology with regard to the THz band remain unexplored compared to the relatively well-developed science and technology in the microwave and optical frequencies. Historically, THz technologies were used mainly within the astronomy c- munity for studying the background of cosmic far-infrared radiation, and by the laser-fusion community for the diagnostics of plasmas. Since the ?rst demonstration of THz wave time-domain spectroscopy in the late 1980s, there has been a series of signi?cant advances (particularly in recent years) as more intense THz sources and higher sensitivity detectors provide new opportunities for understanding the basic science in the THz frequency range.
Download or read book The nth Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology Volume I written by Dan Gabriel Cacuci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-19 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The computational models of physical systems comprise parameters, independent and dependent variables. Since the physical processes themselves are seldom known precisely and since most of the model parameters stem from experimental procedures which are also subject to imprecisions, the results predicted by these models are also imprecise, being affected by the uncertainties underlying the respective model. The functional derivatives (also called “sensitivities”) of results (also called “responses”) produced by mathematical/computational models are needed for many purposes, including: (i) understanding the model by ranking the importance of the various model parameters; (ii) performing “reduced-order modeling” by eliminating unimportant parameters and/or processes; (iii) quantifying the uncertainties induced in a model response due to model parameter uncertainties; (iv) performing “model validation,” by comparing computations to experiments to address the question “does the model represent reality?” (v) prioritizing improvements in the model; (vi) performing data assimilation and model calibration as part of forward “predictive modeling” to obtain best-estimate predicted results with reduced predicted uncertainties; (vii) performing inverse “predictive modeling”; (viii) designing and optimizing the system. This 3-Volume monograph describes a comprehensive adjoint sensitivity analysis methodology, developed by the author, which enables the efficient and exact computation of arbitrarily high-order sensitivities of model responses in large-scale systems comprising many model parameters. The qualifier “comprehensive” is employed to highlight that the model parameters considered within the framework of this methodology also include the system’s uncertain boundaries and internal interfaces in phase-space. The model’s responses can be either scalar-valued functionals of the model’s parameters and state variables (e.g., as customarily encountered in optimization problems) or general function-valued responses. Since linear operators admit bona-fide adjoint operators, responses of models that are linear in the state functions (i.e., dependent variables) can depend simultaneously on both the forward and the adjoint state functions. Hence, the sensitivity analysis of such responses warrants the treatment of linear systems in their own right, rather than treating them as particular cases of nonlinear systems. This is in contradistinction to responses for nonlinear systems, which can depend only on the forward state functions, since nonlinear operators do not admit bona-fide adjoint operators (only a linearized form of a nonlinear operator may admit an adjoint operator). Thus, Volume 1 of this book presents the mathematical framework of the nth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Response-Coupled Forward/Adjoint Linear Systems (abbreviated as “nth-CASAM-L”), which is conceived for the most efficient computation of exactly obtained mathematical expressions of arbitrarily-high-order (nth-order) sensitivities of a generic system response with respect to all of the parameters underlying the respective forward/adjoint systems. Volume 2 of this book presents the application of the nth-CASAM-L to perform a fourth-order sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of an OECD/NEA reactor physics benchmark which is representative of a large-scale model comprises many (21,976) uncertain parameters, thereby amply illustrating the unique potential of the nth-CASAM-L to enable the exact and efficient computation of chosen high-order response sensitivities to model parameters. Volume 3 of this book presents the “nth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems” (abbreviation: nth-CASAM-N) for the practical, efficient, and exact computation of arbitrarily-high order sensitivities of responses to model parameters for systems that are also nonlinear in their underlying state functions. Such computations are not feasible with any other methodology. The application of the nth-CASAM-L and the nth-CASAM-N overcomes the so-called “curse of dimensionality” in sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, thus revolutionizing all of the fields of activities which require accurate computation of response sensitivities. Since this monograph includes many illustrative, fully worked-out, paradigm problems, it can serve as a textbook or as supplementary reading for graduate courses in academic departments in the natural sciences and engineering.
Download or read book Guide To The Umbral Calculus A Different Mathematical Language written by Silvia Licciardi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers different aspects of umbral calculus and of its more recent developments. It discusses the technical details in depth, including its relevant applications. The book has therefore manyfold scopes to introduce a mathematical tool, not widespread known as it should be; to present a complete account of the relevant capabilities through the use of different examples of applications; to provide a formal bridge between different fields of research in pure and applied.
