Download or read book On the Rate dependent Constitutive Response of Cortical and Trabecular Bone written by Timothy Paul Mahal Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) against American and coalition forces in the ongoing Iraqi and Afghani conflicts has caused a dramatic increase in the number of traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases seen in recent years. The skull acts as the first and primary line of defense for the brain. Researching this structure's protective capabilities and shortcomings is therefore critical to 1) understanding how blunt impact loads and blast waves are propagated through the skull and transmitted into the brain, and 2) improving and evaluating future combat protection systems. This doctoral study is aimed at mechanically characterizing and modeling the two major constituents of the skull: cortical and trabecular bone. The mechanical behavior of these two materials over a wide range of strain rates is identified through both a review of the existing literature data and our own experimental investigations. For the behavior of compact bone two separate viscoelastic rate-sensitivity regimes are identified and modeled with a Maxwell-Weichert model containing one linear elastic and two linear viscoelastic branches in parallel. The rate-dependent plasticity of the material is further shown to obey a simple power law relationship and the overall material behavior is captured in a generalized three-dimensional viscoelastic, viscoplastic constitutive model formulation. For validation, the three-dimensional constitutive model is implemented as a subroutine within a commercial nonlinear finite element program. Given the similar composition of both cortical bone and the solid portion of trabecular bone, the compact bone constitutive model is subsequently employed in modeling the trabeculae of cancellous bone within two complementary microstructural frameworks. The first approach utilized is to create three-dimensional solid bone models of trabecular architecture directly from micro computed tomography (CT) scans of cancellous bone biopsy samples. The original samples from which these micro CT scans were obtained are then tested experimentally and the resulting stress-strain curves are found to show excellent agreement with the micromechanical model predictions. Successful simulation of specimen loading was found to be contingent upon extracting the trabecular structure from micro CT data in such a way that matched the relative density of the resulting specimen mesh to the experimentally recorded value. Analysis of both the experimental and simulation results further demonstrates that 1) local distributions in strut relative density are highly influential in the determining the compressive strength of trabecular bone and 2) the formation of macroscopic, multi-strut shear bands is responsible for the initial plateau and post-yield softening exhibited by trabecular bone in uniaxial compression. 3 The second microstructural approach employed is to model the trabecular network with an idealized representative volume element (RVE) and apply periodic boundary conditions. This latter approach allows for rapid investigation of the effects of relative density and strain rate in determining trabecular bone's mechanical properties. Specifically, Young's modulus is found to vary in a nearly quadratic manner with relative density and compressive strength is shown to have a power law relationship to relative density with an exponent of 1.5. In addition, compressive strength is shown to have a power law dependence upon strain rate with an exponent of 0.055. These relationships and the magnitude of the values predicted are all found to closely match the experimental trends and values reported in the literature.
Download or read book Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics II written by Tarak Bouraoui and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on recent findings and applications relating to structure modeling and computation, design methodology, advanced manufacturing, mechanical behavior of materials, fluid mechanics, energy, and heat transfer. Further, it highlights cutting-edge issues in biomechanics and mechanobiology, and describes simulation and intelligent techniques applied to the control of industrial processes. Chapters are based on a selection of original peer-reviewed papers presented at the 5th International Tunisian Congress on Mechanics, COTUME, which was held on March 22–24, 2021, from Hammamet, Tunisia, in hybrid format. All in all, the book offers a good balance of fundamental research and industrially relevant applications, and an in-depth analysis of the current state of the art and challenges in various subfields of mechanical engineering; it provides researchers and professionals with a timely snapshot and a source of inspiration for future research and collaborations.
Download or read book The Strain Rate Dependent Mechanical Properties and Modelling of Bovine Cortical Bone written by Graeme Paul and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Strain Rate Dependent Properties and Modelling of Bovine Cortical Bone in Compression written by Anriëtte van der Westhuizen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Military Injury Biomechanics written by Melanie Franklyn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-12 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military Injury Biomechanics: The Cause and Prevention of Impact Injuries is a reference manual where information and data from a large number of sources, focussing on injuries related to military events, has been critically reviewed and discussed. The book covers the cause and prevention of impact injuries to all the major body regions, while topics such as the historical background of military impact biomechanics, the history and use of anthropomorphic test devices for military applications and the medical management of injuries are also discussed. An international team of experts have been brought together to examine and review the topics. The book is intended for researchers, postgraduate students and others working or studying defence and impact injuries.
Download or read book Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone Implant Interface written by Yuehuei H. An and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-11-29 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanical properties of whole bones, bone tissue, and the bone-implant interfaces are as important as their morphological and structural aspects. Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone-Implant Interface helps you assess these properties by explaining how to do mechanical testing of bone and the bone-implant interface for bone-related research
Download or read book Advanced HPC based Computational Modeling in Biomechanics and Systems Biology written by Mariano Vázquez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elasticity written by Martin H. Sadd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-08-04 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there are several books in print dealing with elasticity, many focus on specialized topics such as mathematical foundations, anisotropic materials, two-dimensional problems, thermoelasticity, non-linear theory, etc. As such they are not appropriate candidates for a general textbook. This book provides a concise and organized presentation and development of general theory of elasticity. This text is an excellent book teaching guide. Contains exercises for student engagement as well as the integration and use of MATLAB Software Provides development of common solution methodologies and a systematic review of analytical solutions useful in applications of
Download or read book Osteoporosis written by Robert Marcus and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 2140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its fourth edition, Osteoporosis is a classic reference on this disease, comprising a tremendous wealth of knowledge in a single source not found elsewhere. Written by renowned experts in the field, this two-volume work is a must-have for academic and medical libraries, physicians, researchers, and any company involved in osteoporosis research and development. This newest edition covers everything from basic anatomy and physiology to diagnosis, management and treatment in which direct care costs for osteoporotic fractures in the United States reach up to $18 billion each year. Worldwide, 200 million women ages 60 to 80 suffer from osteoporosis and have a lifetime risk of fracture between 30% and 40%, continuing to make osteoporosis a critical challenge in medicine. Recognizes the critical importance of the Wnt signaling pathway for bone health Incorporates new chapters on osteocytes, phosphatonins, mouse genetics, and CNS and bone Examines essential updates on estrogen prevention and treatment and the recent results from the WHO Discusses the controversial topics of screening and clinical trial design for drug registration Includes essential updates on therapeutic uses of calcium, vitamin D, SERMS, bisphosphonates, and parathyroid hormone Offers critical reviews of reproductive and hormonal risk factors, ethnicity, nutrition, therapeutics, management, and economics
Download or read book Injury Analysis and Treatment Planning with Virtual Human Body Models written by Fuhao Mo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-25 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life-saving medical and scientific research-based interventions are extending people's lives and saving the lives of people who have suffered from diseases and injuries. This has led to an increased need for the development of technical and medical devices for the prevention, rehabilitation, and treatment of injuries. With the development of computer technology, more and more virtual models of the human body have been developed for biomedical and biomechanical research and application. Reliable virtual body models can efficiently improve injury prediction and rehabilitation, as well as disease diagnosis and treatment. For the past decade, biomechanical virtual human body models have experienced major advancements in terms of development methods, model biofidelity, availability, and applications.
Download or read book Biomaterials for Implants and Scaffolds written by Qing Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest, cutting-edge advances in implantable biomaterials. It brings together a class of advanced biomaterials in two highly active research areas, namely implants and tissue scaffolds, to underline their respective functional requirements for further development. It is unique in providing a full range of methodological procedures, including materials syntheses, characterisation, cellular tests and mathematical modelling. Covering metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite materials commonly used in biological applications and clinical therapeutics, it is a valuable resource for anyone wanting to further their understanding of the latest developments in implantable biomaterials. Focusing on biomedical applications in implants and scaffolds, it provides methodological guides to this rapidly growing field. Qing Li and Yiu-Wing Mai are both professors at the University of Sydney, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering.
Download or read book Glucocorticoid induced Osteoporosis written by Andrea Giustina and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoporosis is one of the most clinically relevant disabling chronic disease encountered in clinical practice. A common cause of osteoporosis is glucocorticoid excess, as glucocorticoids may increase bone resorption, inhibit bone formation, have indirect actions on bone by decreasing intestinal calcium absorption and induce hypercalciuria. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism and structure and on the diagnosis and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It aims at providing updated information on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this often dramatic complication of glucocorticoid excess. Being one of the few publications completely devoted to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis it will heighten the awareness of specialists who prescribe glucocorticoids of the clinical relevance of this treatment complication. 'Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis' is addressed to clinical experts as well as to general practitioners who will both benefit from the comprehensive and integrative view of the management of patients exposed to glucocorticoids.
Download or read book Bone Tissue Engineering written by Jeffrey O. Hollinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on bone biology, Bone Tissue Engineering integrates basic sciences with tissue engineering. It includes contributions from world-renowned researchers and clinicians who discuss key topics such as different models and approaches to bone tissue engineering, as well as exciting clinical applications for patients. Divided into four sections, t
Download or read book Direct Methods written by Aurora Angela Pisano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of direct methods such as limit and shakedown analysis, which are intended to do away with the need for cumbersome step-by-step calculations and determine the loading limits of mechanical structures under monotone, cyclic or variable loading with unknown loading history. The respective contributions demonstrate how tremendous advances in numerical methods, especially in optimization, have contributed to the success of direct methods and their practical applicability to engineering problems in structural mechanics, pavement and general soil mechanics, as well as the design of composite materials. The content reflects the outcomes of the workshop “Direct Methods: Methodological Progress and Engineering Applications,” which was offered as a mini-symposium of PCM-CMM 2019, held in Cracow, Poland in September 2019.
Download or read book Bone Pathology written by Jasvir S. Khurana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone Pathology is the second edition of the book, A Compendium of Skeletal Pathology that published 10 years ago. Similar to the prior edition, this book complements standard pathology texts and blends new but relatively established information on the molecular biology of the bone. Serving as a bench-side companion to the surgical pathologist, this new edition reflects new advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of bone. New chapters on soft-tissue sarcomas and soft-tissue tumors have been added as well as several additional chapters such as Soft-tissue pathology and Biomechanics. The volume is written by experts who are established in the field of musculoskeletal diseases. Bone Pathology is a combined effort from authors of different specialties including surgeons, pathologists, radiologists and basic scientists all of whom have in common an interest in bone diseases. It will be of great value to surgical pathology residents as well as practicing pathologists, skeletal radiologists, orthopedic surgeons and medical students.
Download or read book Engineering Viscoelasticity written by Danton Gutierrez-Lemini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering Viscoelasticity covers all aspects of the thermo- mechanical response of viscoelastic substances that a practitioner in the field of viscoelasticity would need to design experiments, interpret test data, develop stress-strain models, perform stress analyses, design structural components, and carry out research work. The material in each chapter is developed from the elementary to the esoteric, providing the background in mathematics and mechanics that are central to understanding the subject matter being presented. This book also examines how viscoelastic materials respond to the application of loads, and provides practical guidelines to use them in the design of commercial, military and industrial applications.
