Download or read book The Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Alexander R. Pruss and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-20 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) says that all contingent facts must have explanation. In this 2006 volume, which was the first on the topic in the English language in nearly half a century, Alexander Pruss examines the substantive philosophical issues raised by the Principle Reason. Discussing various forms of the PSR and selected historical episodes, from Parmenides, Leibnez, and Hume, Pruss defends the claim that every true contingent proposition must have an explanation against major objections, including Hume's imaginability argument and Peter van Inwagen's argument that the PSR entails modal fatalism. Pruss also provides a number of positive arguments for the PSR, based on considerations as different as the metaphysics of existence, counterfactuals and modality, negative explanations, and the everyday applicability of the PSR. Moreover, Pruss shows how the PSR would advance the discussion in a number of disparate fields, including meta-ethics and the philosophy of mathematics.
Download or read book Reason and Reality written by Royal Institute of Philosophy and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Principle of Reason written by Martin Heidegger and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principle of Reason, the text of an important and influential lecture course that Martin Heidegger gave in 1955–56, takes as its focal point Leibniz's principle: nothing is without reason. Heidegger shows here that the principle of reason is in fact a principle of being. Much of his discussion is aimed at bringing his readers to the "leap of thinking," which enables them to grasp the principle of reason as a principle of being. This text presents Heidegger's most extensive reflection on the notion of history and its essence, the Geschick of being, which is considered on of the most important developments in Heidegger's later thought. One of Heidegger's most artfully composed texts, it also contains important discussions of language, translation, reason, objectivity, and technology as well as remarkable readings of Leibniz, Kant, Aristotle, and Goethe, among others.
Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Open Court Publishing. This book was released on 1974 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Schopenhauer's analyses of causation and related concepts . . . rival and probably surpass in their depth and brilliance the more celebrated discussions of David Hume. Where Hume grossly oversimplified these problems and left them riddled with paradoxes, Schopenhauer disentangled them and shed light on what had seemed hopelessly dark." --Richard Taylor, University of Rochester
Download or read book Spinoza written by Michael Della Rocca and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned for his metaphysics, Spinoza made significant contributions to understanding the human mind, the emotions, moral philosophy, and political philosophy. Beginning with an overview of Spinoza's life, Michael Della Rocca carefully unpacks and explains Spinoza's philosophy: his metaphysics of substance and argument at the center of his whole system that God is the sole independent substance; his account of the human mind and its relation to the body; his theory that human beings tend towards self-preservation and his most famous work, the Ethics, including the problem of free will; and his writings on the state, religion and scripture. Della Rocca concludes with a chapter on Spinoza's legacy and how modern philosophers, Hume, Hegel, and Nietzsche, responded to Spinoza's challenge. Ideal for those coming to Spinoza for the first time as well as those already acquainted with his thought, Spinoza is essential reading for anyone studying philosophy.
Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On Schopenhauer s Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by F. C. White and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a philosophical commentary on Schopenhauer's "Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason," dealing with each of Schopenhauer's principal topics in turn. It also provides the reader with a general survey of Schopenhauer's later philosophical views and puts them into an historical context
Download or read book Saint Thomas Aquinas and the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Scott Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common sense tells us all that things just do not pop into existence out of nothing. It takes work and effort to make things happen. Buildings are made by builders, diseases are the result of germs, headaches come from sinus pressure, plane crashes occur when there is some major malfunction, bumps occur in the middle of the night because of the wind blowing a shutter, an alley cat knocking over a trash can, or a burglar attempting a break-in.In other words, all of these assumptions about the world proceed on a principle. But what exactly is this principle? In our unreflective, intuitional, everyday speech, it goes something like "Things do not just happen 'out of the blue,' something has to make them happen!" In ancient and medieval times, the principle about which we are concerned was sometimes implicit, and other times explicit, albeit with various formulations, such as; "Nothing gives what it does not have," "There cannot be more in the effect than what was contained in the cause," "Whatever begins to exist must have a cause," or more frequently, ex nihilo nihil fit - "Out of nothing, nothing comes."In this work, I will propose that the principle of sufficient reason is the grand formulation of these intuitions and scholastic dictums, and thus is the principle that lies behind all of our casual inferences. Leibniz explicitly coined this term, yet he claimed not to discover any new principle, rather only to encapsulate all the implicit formulations used in the history of philosophy. The principle of sufficient reason is commonly formulated as such: "Every being has the sufficient reason for its existence (i.e., the adequate ground or basis in existence) either in itself or in another." Stated negatively, "Out of nothing, nothing comes" (being neither comes from nor can be determined by sheer nothing). The principle of sufficient reason, then, is simply an attempt to conveniently summarize, in one basic formula, the common intuitions of everyday life and what other great philosophers have either presupposed or loosely articulated in these more specialized formulas of the "principle of causality."Leibniz once said that without the principle of sufficient reason, very little in philosophy and science could be demonstrated. In a similar vein, the contemporary Thomistic philosopher, Norris Clarke, has called the principle of sufficient reason the dynamic principle of metaphysics, since it is in virtue of this very principle that enables the mind to pass from one being to another in order to make sense out of it: "All advance in thought to infer the existence of some new being from what we already know depends upon this principle."Using primarily, but not exclusively, the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, the purpose of this book is to argue that there are good reasons for thinking that the principle of sufficient reason is true.
Download or read book A History of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Wilbur Marshall Urban and published by . This book was released on 1897 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kant on the Human Standpoint written by Béatrice Longuenesse and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-11-17 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of essays Béatrice Longuenesse considers the three aspects of Kant's philosophy, his epistemology and metaphysics of nature, his moral philosophy and his aesthetic theory, under one unifying standpoint: Kant's conception of our capacity to form judgements. She argues that the elements which make up our cognitive access to the world - what Kant calls the 'human point of view' - have an equally important role to play in our moral evaluations and our aesthetic judgements. Her discussion ranges over Kant's account of our representations of space and time, his conception of the logical forms of judgements, sufficient reason, causality, community, God, freedom, morality, and beauty in nature and art. Her book will appeal to all who are interested in Kant and his thought.
Download or read book The History of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Wilbur Marshall Urban and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and on the Will in Nature written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason and on the Will in Nature Two Essays written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Read Books Ltd. This book was released on 2012-10-28 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1813, this early work by German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer is both expensive and hard to find in its first edition. Originally published as his doctoral dissertation and then later re-published, it outlines his cornerstone arguments on the subject of knowing. This fascinating work is highly recommended for anyone interested in 19th century philosophy and its development. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
Download or read book The History of the Principle of Sufficient Reason written by Wilbur Marshall Urban and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kant on the Sources of Metaphysics written by Marcus Willaschek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed exploration of the Transcendental Dialectic, in which Kant uncovers the sources of metaphysics in human reason.
Download or read book Reason in the World written by James Kreines and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defends a new interpretation of Hegel's theoretical philosophy, according to which Hegel's project in his central Science of Logic has a single organizing focus, provided by taking metaphysics as fundamental to philosophy, rather than any epistemological problem about knowledge or intentionality. Hegel pursues more specifically the metaphysics of reason, concerned with grounds, reasons, or conditions in terms of which things can be explained-and ultimately with the possibility of complete reasons. There is no threat to such metaphysics in epistemological or skeptical worries. The real threat is Kant's Transcendental Dialectic case that metaphysics comes into conflict with itself. But Hegel, despite familiar worries, has a powerful case that Kant's own insights in the Dialectic can be turned to the purpose of constructive metaphysics. And we can understand in these terms the unified focus of the arguments at the conclusion of Hegel's Science of Logic. Hegel defends, first, his general claim that the reasons which explain things are always found in immanent concepts, universals or kinds. And he will argue from here to conclusions which are distinctive in being metaphysically ambitious yet surprisingly distant from any form of metaphysical foundationalism, whether scientistic, theological, or otherwise. Hegel's project, then, turns out neither Kantian nor Spinozist, but more distinctively his own. Finally, we can still learn a great deal from Hegel about ongoing philosophical debates concerning everything from metaphysics, to the philosophy of science, and all the way to the nature of philosophy itself.
Download or read book The Parmenidean Ascent written by Michael Della Rocca and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The central aim of The Parmenidean Ascent is to reveal the power of an extreme monism of a Parmenidean variety in a more uncompromising manner than has been attempted for many a year. For the Parmenidean monist, there are no distinctions whatsoever, and indeed distinctions are unintelligible. The book not only defends-against the tide of much recent scholarship-the attribution of such a sweeping monism to Parmenides, it also embraces this monism in its own right and expands these monistic results to many of the most crucial areas of philosophy. The topics that come in for this rationalistic, monistic, treatment include being, action, knowledge, meaning, truth, and metaphysical explanation. There is thus no differentiated being, no differentiated action, knowledge, etc. Rather all is being, just as all is action, knowledge, etc. The motive force behind this argument is a combination of a detailed survey of the failures of leading positions (both historical and contemporary) to meet a demand for the explanation of a given phenomenon, and a powerful rationalist, Bradleyan argument against the reality of relations. The result is a rationalist rejection of all distinctions and a skeptical denial of the intelligibility of ordinary, relational notions of being, action, knowledge, etc. A further significant upshot is the rejection of any distinction between philosophy itself and the study of its history. Throughout the book, attention is paid to philosophical methods systems, including especially the method, so popular today, of relying on intuitions and common sense. The historically-minded and rationalist approach throughout this book goes a long way toward demonstrating the ultimate bankruptcy of this prevalent methodology"--
