Download or read book On the Patterns and Wealth Effects of Vertical Mergers written by Joseph P. H. Fan and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use industry commodity flows information to measure vertical relations for completed mergers during 1962 to 1996. Almost one-third of the mergers display relations that provide opportunities for vertical integration between merging firms. Vertical mergers generate positive wealth effects that are significantly larger compared with those for diversifying mergers; the wealth effects in vertical mergers are comparable to those in pure horizontal mergers. We find a significant, positive co-movement in vertical merger activity and wealth effects, consistent with economy-wide shocks that affect both the incentives for firms to integrate vertically and the resulting efficiency gains from such mergers.

Download or read book Vertical Mergers and the Market Valuation of the Benefits of Vertical Integration written by Simi Kedia and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the market reaction to vertical mergers and incorporates into the analysis predictions based on I/O theories.We develop a classification to separate the various types of mergers, and focus on the determinants and wealth impacts of vertical mergers over the period 1979-2002. Abnormal returns for vertical merger announcements are positive until 1996, and turn negative afterwards. Acquirers suffer most of the losses. We present and test several hypotheses based upon some well known I/O theories of vertical integration. We find support for the most fundamental insight in the I/O literature, namely, that vertical mergers generate most value when undertaken in imperfectly competitive markets and when firms have to invest in specialized assets making market exchanges difficult. There is little evidence to support the view that information based contracting problems or price uncertainty, at least as captured in this paper, generate a value maximizing rationale for vertical integration. However, we show that informational asymmetries can increase the value of horizontal mergers.

Download or read book The Welfare Effects of Vertical Mergers and Their Remedies written by John W. Mayo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper extends Williamson's (1968) classic framework of the welfare effect of mergers to the case of vertical mergers, and in particular to those in which the imposition of merger conditions (remedies) may allow an otherwise anticompetitive merger to proceed. While similarities to the case of horizontal mergers without a remedies option are present, differences also arise. Most notably, for prototypical vertical mergers remedies may yield post-merger economic welfare which is higher than pre-merger levels. This suggests that remedies directed toward vertical mergers hold the promise of a more beneficial approach than in the case of horizontal mergers. This finding leads to an examination of merger remedies policy and practice. We find that antitrust enforcers historically have implicitly recognized both the economic welfare framework and the more robust role for remedies in vertical merger cases, particularly through the application of remedies aimed at preventing identified anticompetitive conduct while facilitating merger-related efficiencies. The 2020 Vertical Merger Guidelines illuminate the basis for the U.S. antitrust agencies' substantive analysis of vertical mergers, but do not address remedies. This paper discusses principles that may be useful in formulating much-needed guidance that would unify, clarify and reinforce the agencies' policies for remedies in vertical merger cases.

Download or read book Analyzing Vertical Mergers written by Roger D. Blair and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the adoption of the 2020 Vertical Merger Guidelines, the U.S. antitrust agencies have updated their guidance on vertical mergers for the Twenty-First Century. Although economists have long recognized the procompetitive benefits most vertical mergers generate, the law has not always followed suit, and has sometimes condemned vertical mergers for making the merged firm more efficient. In this article, we attempt to catalogue the extensive list of efficiencies that vertical mergers can generate, trace the often halting efforts to incorporate these insights into the law, and propose a framework that courts and agencies can use to assess the likely competitive effects of vertical transactions. We draw heavily upon leading cases, particularly Baker Hughes and AT&T, with two refinements. First, consistent with the final Guidelines (but not the earlier draft) and the economic literature noting a symmetry between unilateral anticompetitive effects (raising rivals' costs) and procompetitive effects (the elimination of double marginalization), which we call the “unilateral effects tradeoff,” we argue a plaintiff alleging a raising rivals cost (RRC) theory of harm must also address EDM as part of its prima facie case. Second, if the plaintiff carries its prima facie burden, then the defendant should be able to argue, and courts and Agencies should seriously consider, the full range of procompetitive efficiencies, which we call a “holistic efficiency analysis.”

Download or read book On Vertical Mergers and Their Competitive Effects written by Yongmin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that vertical integration can change the pricing incentive of an upstream producer. However, it has not been noticed that vertical integration may also change the pricing incentive of a downstream producer and the incentive of a competitor in choosing input suppliers. I develop an equilibrium theory of vertical merger that incorporates these additional strategic considerations. Under fairly general conditions, a vertical merger will result in both efficiency gains and a collusive effect. The competitive effects of a vertical merger depend on the cost of switching suppliers and the degree of downstream product differentiation.

Download or read book The Determinants and Effects of Mergers written by Dennis C. Mueller and published by Cambridge, Mass. : Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain ; Königstein/Ts. : Verlag A. Hain. This book was released on 1980 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vertical Integration and Market Foreclosure written by Oliver D. Hart and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few people would disagree with the proposition that horizontal mergers have the potential to restrict output and raise consumer prices. In contrast, there is much less agreement about the anti-competitive effects of vertical mergers. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model showing how vertical integration changes the nature of competition in upstream and downstream markets and identifying conditions under which market foreclosure will be a consequence or even a purpose of such integration. In contrast to much of the literature, we do not restrict upstream and downstream firms to particular contractual arrangements, but instead allow firms to choose from a full set of contractual arrangements both when integrated and when not. We also allow non-integrated firms to respond optimally to the integration decisions of other firms, either by remaining nonintegrated, exiting the industry or integrating too (i.e. bandwagoning). In a final section we use our analysis to shed some light on a number of prominent vertical merger cases, involving computer reservation systems for airlines, the cement industry and the St. Louis Terminal Railroad.

Download or read book The Handbook of Mergers and Acquisitions written by David Faulkner and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its inception at the end of the nineteenth century as a means of consolidation and reorganization, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have since become quasi-institutionalized as one of the primary strategic options for organizations, as they seek to secure their position in an ever more competitive and globalizing market place. Despite the optimism surrounding M&A as strategic moves, research on post-merger company performance suggests that most firms engaging in M&A activity do not achieve the sought-after performance targets, either immediately or in the years following the deal. What is it that drives M&A activity when research results do not support the performance expectations of these undertakings? Alternatively, have M&A scholars got it all wrong in the way that M&A performance is measured? Is the topic too complex, enduring, and multifaceted to study? The Handbook argues that the field of M&A is in need of a re-rooting: past research needs to be critically reviewed, and fundamental assumptions revisited. A key issue preventing efforts in the practice and study of M&A from achieving dynamic syntheses has been the disciplinary gulf separating strategy, finance, and human relations schools. The Handbook aims to bridge the hitherto separate disciplines engaged in the study and practice of M&A to provide more meaningful results. Toward this end, the Handbook brings together a set of prominent and emerging scholars and practitioners engaged in the study of M&A to provide thought-provoking, state of the art overviews of M&A through four specific 'lenses' - strategic, financial, socio-cultural, and sectorial approaches. By summarizing key findings in current research and exploring ways in which the differing approaches could and should be 'synthesized', it aims to highlight the key issues facing M&A practitioners and academics at the dawn of the third millennium.

Download or read book Handbook of Corporate Finance written by David J. Denis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-12 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expertly surveying the realm of corporate finance, this adroitly-crafted Handbook offers a wealth of conceptual analysis and comprehensively outlines recent scholarly research and developments within the field. It not only delves into the theoretical dimensions of corporate finance, but also explores its practical implications, thereby bridging the gap between these distinct strands.

Download or read book Applied Mergers and Acquisitions written by Robert F. Bruner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-08 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to the world of mergers and acquisitions Why do so many M&A transactions fail? And what drives the success of those deals that are consummated? Robert Bruner explains that M&A can be understood as a response by managers to forces of turbulence in their environment. Despite the material failure rates of mergers and acquisitions, those pulling the trigger on key strategic decisions can make them work if they spend great care and rigor in the development of their M&A deals. By addressing the key factors of M&A success and failure, Applied Mergers and Acquisitions can help readers do this. Written by one of the foremost thinkers and educators in the field, this invaluable resource teaches readers the art and science of M&A valuation, deal negotiation, and bargaining, and provides a framework for considering tradeoffs in an effort to optimize the value of any M&A deal.

Download or read book German Mergers Acquisitions in the USA written by Bernd Wübben and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-29 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bernd Wübben analyzes the success of 87 German mergers and acquisitions in the USA during the period from 1990 to 2004. Employing a study of the capital markets’ reaction and a survey of acquirers’ executives, he shows that US transactions on average enhanced value for German companies and their shareholders. The author integrates the findings of both methodologies to identify the determinants of transaction success, including characteristics of the German acquiring and the US target companies as well as of the acquisition structure and management.

Download or read book Essentials of Strategic Management written by Martyn R Pitt and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ′This is a fantastically well written text which incorporates the latest thinking on strategic management. Striking a balance between theory and application, it is extremely readable and loaded with a wide range of case studies. An essential source for undergraduate, postgraduate and professional courses on strategic management.′ - Dr Tahir Rashid, Lecturer in Strategy and Marketing, Salford Business School, University of Salford This exciting new textbook is built on the belief that strategic management principles are more straightforward than they seem. Unlike other textbooks, it does not overcomplicate the discussion with enigmatic layers of theory or irrelevant perspectives from other disciplines. Instead you will find focused, clearly articulated coverage of the key topics of strategic management, encouraging critical reflection and deeper exploration on your own terms. Fully developed to cover the essentials of any strategic management course, this textbook not only creates understanding of the principles of strategy, but shows you how to apply them constructively in the face of real-world practicalities. Throughout the text, these principles are put into context with illustrations and examples drawn from all over the world and from all kinds of organization - from Shell, Airbus and Tesco to small and non-profit enterprises. With an emphasis on topical, distinctive and engaging features, this text offers: Over 120 short, topical case studies drawn from every type of organization across more than 20 countries Worksheets for strategy analysis that can be used to tackle real-world situations Learning outcomes, key points and summaries to focus your reading on what matters Chapter-by-chapter exercises for further study and discussion Suggestions for further reading to deepen your understanding of the theories underpinning the chapters The book is complemented by a companion website featuring a range of tools and resources for lecturers and students, including PowerPoint slides, teaching notes, links to journal articles and an interactive glossary.

Download or read book The Antitrust Paradox written by Robert Bork and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.

Download or read book Capital Budgeting Valuation written by H. Kent Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-04 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to valuation techniques and financial analysis With the collapse of the economy and financial systems, many institutions are reevaluating what they are willing to spend money on. Project valuation is key to both cost effectiveness measures and shareholder value. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive examination of critical capital budgeting topics. Coverage extends from discussing basic concepts, principles, and techniques to their application to increasingly complex, real-world situations. Throughout, the book emphasizes how financially sound capital budgeting facilitates the process of value creation and discusses why various theories make sense and how firms can use them to solve problems and create wealth. Offers a strategic focus on the application of various techniques and approaches related to a firm's overall strategy Provides coverage of international topics based on the premise that managers should view business from a global perspective Emphasizes the importance of using real options Comprised of contributed chapters from both experienced professionals and academics, Capital Budgeting Valuation offers a variety of perspectives and a rich interplay of ideas related to this important financial discipline.

Download or read book The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance written by Benjamin Hermalin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance, Volume One, covers all issues important to economists. It is organized around fundamental principles, whereas multidisciplinary books on corporate governance often concentrate on specific topics. Specific topics include Relevant Theory and Methods, Organizational Economic Models as They Pertain to Governance, Managerial Career Concerns, Assessment & Monitoring, and Signal Jamming, The Institutions and Practice of Governance, The Law and Economics of Governance, Takeovers, Buyouts, and the Market for Control, Executive Compensation, Dominant Shareholders, and more. Providing excellent overviews and summaries of extant research, this book presents advanced students in graduate programs with details and perspectives that other books overlook. Concentrates on underlying principles that change little, even as the empirical literature moves on Helps readers see corporate governance systems as interrelated or even intertwined external (country-level) and internal (firm-level) forces Reviews the methodological tools of the field (theory and empirical), the most relevant models, and the field’s substantive findings, all of which help point the way forward

Download or read book ICE BEES 2021 written by Kemal Budi Mulyono and published by European Alliance for Innovation. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 1057 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We proudly present the proceedings of 4th International Conference on Economics, Business and Economic Education Science 2021 (ICE-BEES 2021). It has focus on the innovations in economics, business, education, environment, and sustainable development. The issue of economics and sustainable development is important today. Especially in the time of Covid-19. Not only globally, but also Indonesia nationally to the local level. There are several important issues relating to this, both institutionally and the relationships between individuals and groups in supporting the agenda of sustainable development. More than 200 manuscripts were presented at this conference with 101 of them selected to be published in proceedings. We hope by this conference, discussions on the importance of sustainable development will increasingly become an important concern together. Brings better response from the government and social relations for development.

Download or read book Mergers Acquisitions in the Machinery Industry written by Florian Geiger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-09 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Which motives initiate managers to merge or to acquire other corporations? While there is a long-lasting history of empirical research on M&A in a cross-industry context, our knowledge about industry specific drivers of M&A is more than limited. Given this background, the machinery industry is an attractive segment to address questions on M&A motives – as it is on the one hand a very fragmented industry and on the other hand a bundle of in some parts highly consolidated sub-industries. In his thesis, Mr. Geiger makes an effort to answer the question why firms in the machinery industry follow M&A strategies and how successful they are in their transactions. This is not only a remarkable endeavour because Mr. Geiger uses some hand selected unique datasets, but in particular, because he presents state-of-the-art analyses which are competitive and meet highest international standards. The thesis on hand carefully identifies and addresses open research questions related to M&A strategies in a very specific industry. Its primary objective was to identify M&A motives for different types of companies in various sub-segments of the machinery industry by analyzing stock price and accounting data. Thusly objectifying managerial action allows deriving recommendations for financing practice.