Download or read book On the Mathematical Method and Correspondence with Exner written by Bernard Bolzano and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prague Philosopher Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) has long been admired for his groundbreaking work in mathematics: his rigorous proofs of fundamental theorems in analysis, his construction of a continuous, nowhere-differentiable function, his investigations of the infinite, and his anticipations of Cantor's set theory. He made equally outstanding contributions in philosophy, most notably in logic and methodology. One of the greatest mathematician-philosophers since Leibniz, Bolzano is now widely recognised as a major figure of nineteenth-century philosophy. Praised by Husserl as “one of the greatest logicians of all times,” he has also been recognised by Michael Dummett as one of the first modern analytic philosophers and by Alberto Coffa as the founder of the “semantic tradition.” This volume contains English translations of the essay “On the Mathematical Method,” a concise introduction to Bolzano’s logic and philosophy of mathematics, as well as substantial selections from his correspondence with Franz Exner, Professor of Philosophy at the Charles University in Prague in the 1830s and 40s. It will be of interest to students of Austrian philosophy, the development of analytic philosophy, the philosophy of language, and the history and philosophy of logic and mathematics.
Download or read book Bernard Bolzano written by Paul Rusnock and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bernard Bolzano (1781-1850) is increasingly recognized as one of the greatest nineteenth-century philosophers. A philosopher and mathematician of rare talent, he made ground-breaking contributions to logic, the foundations and philosophy of mathematics, metaphysics, and the philosophy of religion. Many of the larger features of later analytic philosophy (but also many of the details) first appear in his work: for example, the separation of logic from psychology, his sophisticated understanding of mathematical proof, his definition of logical consequence, his work on the semantics of natural kind terms, or his anticipations of Cantor's set theory, to name but a few. To his contemporaries, however, he was best known as an intelligent and determined advocate for reform of Church and State. Based in large part on a carefully argued utilitarian practical philosophy, he developed a program for the non-violent reform of the authoritarian institutions of the Hapsburg Empire, a program which he himself helped to set in motion through his teaching and other activities. Rarely has a philosopher had such a great impact on the political culture of his homeland. Persecuted in his lifetime by secular and ecclesiastical authorities, long ignored or misunderstood by philosophers, Bolzano's reputation has nevertheless steadily increased over the past century and a half. Much discussed and respected in Central Europe for over a century, he is finally beginning to receive the recognition he deserves in the English-speaking world. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed critical introduction to Bolzano, covering both his life and works.
Download or read book Judgement and the Epistemic Foundation of Logic written by Maria van der Schaar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling reevaluation of the relationship between logic and knowledge affirms the key role that the notion of judgement must play in such a review. The commentary repatriates the concept of judgement in the discussion, banished in recent times by the logical positivism of Wittgenstein, Hilbert and Schlick, and the Platonism of Bolzano. The volume commences with the insights of Swedish philosopher Per Martin-Löf, the father of constructive type theory, for whom logic is a demonstrative science in which judgement is a settled feature of the landscape. His paper opens the first of four sections that examine, in turn, historical philosophical assessments of judgement and reason; their place in early modern philosophy; the notion of judgement and logical theory in Wolff, Kant and Neo-Kantians like Windelband; their development in the Husserlian phenomenological paradigm; and the work of Bolzano, Russell and Frege. The papers, whose authors include Per Martin-Löf, Göran Sundholm, Michael Della Rocca and Robin Rollinger, represent a finely judged editorial selection highlighting work on philosophers exercised by the question of whether or not an epistemic notion of judgement has a role to play in logic. The volume will be of profound interest to students and academicians for its application of historical developments in philosophy to the solution of vexatious contemporary issues in the foundation of logic.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy written by Michael Beaney and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main stream of academic philosophy, in Anglophone countries and increasingly worldwide, is identified by the name 'analytic'. The study of its history, from the 19th century to the late 20th, has boomed in recent years. These specially commissioned essays by forty leading scholars constitute the most comprehensive book on the subject.
Download or read book The Vienna Circle in Czechoslovakia written by Radek Schuster and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the remarkable interconnections of the Czechoslovak environment and the work and legacy of the Vienna Circle on the philosophical, scientific and artistic level. The Czech lands and later Czechoslovakia were the living and working space for the predecessors and catalysts for Logical Empiricism, such as Bernard Bolzano, Ernst Mach and Albert Einstein, along with key figures in the Vienna Circle such as Philipp Frank and Rudolf Carnap. Moreover, Prague hosted important academic events in which Logical Empiricism was presented to the public, such as the September 1929 1st Conference on the Epistemology of the Exact Sciences, which launched the key manifesto, The Vienna Circle. The Scientific Conception of the World. In addition, this book investigates both the positive and negative receptions of Logical Empiricism within Czech and Slovak intellectual circles. The volume features a selection of contributions to the international conference, The Vienna Circle in Czechoslovakia, held in Pilsen, Czech Republic, in February 2015. These essays are supplemented by two texts of vivid personal memoirs by Nina Holton and Ladislav Tondl. The book is of interest to scholars and researchers interested in the history of philosophy and science in central Europe and the philosophy of science and the Logical Empiricism of the Vienna Circle.
Download or read book The Mathematical Works of Bernard Bolzano written by Bernard Bolzano and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2004-12-09 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848, Prague) was a remarkable thinker and reformer far ahead of his time in many areas, including philosophy, theology, ethics, politics, logic, and mathematics.Aimed at historians and philosophers of both mathematics and logic, and research students in those fields, this volume contains English translations, in most cases for the first time, of many of Bolzano's most significant mathematical writings.These are the primary sources for many of his celebrated insights and anticipations, including: clear topological definitions of various geometric extensions; an effective statement and use of the Cauchy convergence criterion before it appears in Cauchy's work; proofs of the binomial theorem and the intermediate value theorem that are more general and rigorous than previous ones; an impressive theory of measurable numbers (a version of real numbers), a theory of functions including theconstruction of a continuous, non-differentiable function (around 1830); and his tantalising conceptual struggles over the possible relationships between infinite collections.Bolzano identified an objective and semantic connection between truths, his so-called 'ground-consequence' relation that imposed a structure on mathematical theories and reflected careful conceptual analysis. This was part of his highly original philosophy of mathematics that appears to be inseparable from his extraordinarily fruitful practical development of mathematics in ways that remain far from being properly understood, and may still be of relevance today.
Download or read book Bolzano s Philosophy of Grounding written by Stefan Roski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-24 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the liveliest debates in contemporary philosophy concerns the notions of grounding and metaphysical explanation. Many consider these notions to be of prime importance for metaphysics and the philosophy of explanation, or even for philosophy in general, and lament that they had been neglected for far too long. Although the current debate about grounding is of recent origin, its central ideas have a long and rich history in Western philosophy, going back at least to the works of Plato and Aristotle. Bernard Bolzano's theory of grounding, developed in the first half of the nineteenth century, is a peak in the history of these ideas. On Bolzano's account, grounding lies at the heart of a broad conception of explanation encompassing both causal and non-causal cases. Not only does his theory exceed most earlier theories in scope, depth, and rigour, it also anticipates a range of ideas that take a prominent place in the contemporary debate. But despite the richness and modernity of his theory, it is known only by a comparatively small circle of philosophers predominantly consisting of Bolzano scholars. Bolzano's Philosophy of Grounding is meant to make Bolzano's ideas on grounding accessible to a broader audience. The book gathers translations of Bolzano's most important writings on these issues, including material that has hitherto not been available in English. Additionally, it contains a survey article on Bolzano's conception and nine research papers critically assessing elements of the theory and/or exploring its broad range of applications in Bolzano's philosophy and beyond.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Truth written by Michael Glanzberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Truth is one of the central concepts in philosophy, and has been a perennial subject of study. Michael Glanzberg has brought together 36 leading experts from around the world to produce the definitive guide to philosophical issues to do with truth. They consider how the concept of truth has been understood from antiquity to the present day, surveying major debates about truth during the emergence of analytic philosophy. They offer critical assessments of the standard theories of truth, including the coherence, correspondence, identity, and pragmatist theories. They explore the role of truth in metaphysics, with lively discussion of truthmakers, proposition, determinacy, objectivity, deflationism, fictionalism, relativism, and pluralism. Finally the handbook explores broader applications of truth in philosophy, including ethics, science, and mathematics, and reviews formal work on truth and its application to semantic paradox. This Oxford Handbook will be an invaluable resource across all areas of philosophy.
Download or read book Higher Order Metaphysics written by Nicholas Jones and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-21 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the use of higher-order logics in metaphysics. Higher-order logics are natural extensions of the common systems of predicate logic, with a history going back to the very beginnings of formal logic. Such logics are well suited to formalize metaphysical views and arguments. Over the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in higher-order metaphysics. Seventeen original essays are grouped under five headings. Three introductory chapters present higher-order languages and motivate their use in metaphysics. Three chapters on pure higher-order metaphysics discuss different options of higher-order languages and logics which may be used in metaphysics. Three chapters on applied higher-order metaphysics consider the application of higher-order logic to various central topics of metaphysics. Three historical chapters trace the development of higher-order logic as it relates to metaphysics over the last 150 years. The volume concludes with a discussion, containing two chapters criticizing the use of higher-order logic in metaphysics, as well as responses to these criticisms by two authors.
Download or read book The Metaphysics of Logic written by Penelope Rush and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring fourteen new essays from an international team of renowned contributors, this volume explores the key issues, debates and questions in the metaphysics of logic. The book is structured in three parts, looking first at the main positions in the nature of logic, such as realism, pluralism, relativism, objectivity, nihilism, conceptualism, and conventionalism, then focusing on historical topics such as the medieval Aristotelian view of logic, the problem of universals, and Bolzano's logical realism. The final section tackles specific issues such as glutty theories, contradiction, the metaphysical conception of logical truth, and the possible revision of logic. The volume will provide readers with a rich and wide-ranging survey, a valuable digest of the many views in this area, and a long overdue investigation of logic's relationship to us and the world. It will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students of philosophy, logic, and mathematics.
Download or read book Bernard Bolzano written by Kamila Veverková and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the ethical, philosophical, and social legacy of the work of Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848), highlighting the theological element of Bolzano’s thought. Bolzano influenced several key thinkers (primarily Catholic priests) such as Vincenc Zahradník, Josef Michael Fesl, Anton Krombholz, František Schneider, and their pupils and successors. Zahradník co-founded an important professional Czech periodical and created much of modern Czech theological terminology. Anton Krombholz became an important representative of Austrian education after 1848, working at the Vienna Ministry of Education. Based on her previous comprehensive Czech monograph, the author now highlights other new manuscripts from Krombholz’s literary legacy. She underscores connections between Bolzano's legacy and the reform movement of the Czech Catholic clergy, emphasizing that Bolzano's ideas resonated in Czech Catholic modernism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Notwithstanding the tumultuous national development of Czechs and Germans in nineteenth-century Bohemia, Bolzano's conception of a peaceful coexistence between the two nationalities in Bohemia very favorably contributed to the preservation of the unity of the Catholic Church during such ethnically complex times. The author’s theological conception draws upon the works of Jan Milíč Lochman (1922–2004), who, in addition to writing on contemporary ecumenical themes, also dealt with the spiritual legacy of the Czech National Revival.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Propositions written by Chris Tillman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Propositions are routinely invoked by philosophers, linguists, logicians, and other theorists engaged in the study of meaning, communication, and the mind. To investigate the nature of propositions is to investigate the very nature of our connection to each other, and to the world around us. As one of the only volumes of its kind, The Routledge Handbook of Propositions provides a comprehensive overview of the philosophy of propositions, from both historical and contemporary perspectives. Comprising 33 original chapters by an international team of scholars, the volume addresses both traditional and emerging questions concerning the nature of propositions, and our capacity to engage with them in thought and in communication. The chapters are clearly organized into the following three sections: I. Foundational Issues in the Theory of Propositions II. Historical Theories of Propositions III. Contemporary Theories of Propositions Essential reading for philosophers of language and mind, and for those working in neighboring areas, The Routledge Handbook of Propositions is suitable for upper-level undergraduate study, as well as graduate and professional research.
Download or read book The Austrian Contribution to Analytic Philosophy written by Mark Textor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although an important part of the origins of analytic philosophy can be traced back to philosophy in Austria in the first part of the twentieth century, remarkably little is known about the specific contribution made by Austrian philosophy and philosophers. In The Austrian Contribution to Analytic Philosophy, prominent analytic philosophers take a fresh look at the roots of analytic philosophy in the thought of influential but often overlooked Austrian philosophers including Brentano, Meinong, Bolzano, Husserl, and Witasek. The contributors to this volume investigate central topics in theoretical philosophy such as intentionality, consciousness, memory, attributes, and truth as well as political philosophy and aesthetics. This original collection will be of interest to anyone studying the origins of analytic philosophy as well as contemporary debates in philosophy of language, metaphysics and mind.
Download or read book Categories written by Giuseppe D' Anna and published by Georg Olms Verlag. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anschließend an den 2017 herausgegebenen Sammelband widmet sich auch der vorliegende zweite Teil der Geschichte des Problems der Kategorien. Das Ziel besteht nach wie vor darin, einige Trajektorien und Perspektiven dieser Geschichte zu beschreiben, ohne einen erschöpfenden Überblick darüber geben zu können. Vielmehr soll ein Beitrag zu einem umfangreichen Projekt geleistet werden, das allmählich sein Ziel erreicht. In diesem Band wurde das Problem der Kategorien bei weiteren Philosophen, von Platon bis Quine, untersucht; die vorliegende Arbeit bildet dadurch eine Ergänzung zum ersten Teilband. Auf unterschiedlichen Wegen werden einzelne Fragen und Umstände behandelt, die Kategorien werden in verschiedenen Zeiten und Kontexten ausgeleuchtet, wobei die Frage nach ihnen manchmal in den Vordergrund tritt und sich manchmal selbst verbirgt. Themen, die bis dahin ihre zentrale Stellung verloren hatten, wird mehr oder neue Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. ********* This is the second volume devoted to the history of the question of categories, an issue which was also the focus of the collective volume published in 2017. The aim is still to describe some trajectories and perspectives of this history, without claiming an exhaustive overview of it, but rather representing a contribution to a wider project, which is gradually reaching its goal. In this volume the problem of categories has been investigated in the work of further philosophers, from Plato to Quine; in this way the present work complements that done in the first volume. The question of categories has been dealt with in different times and contexts, sometimes coming into the foreground and sometimes concealing itself—and this is something worthy of investigation in itself. It is also interesting to understand why in particular contexts greater attention is paid to a particular issue that had previously lost its centrality.
Download or read book Philosophy of Mind in the Nineteenth Century written by Sandra Lapointe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the publication of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason in 1781 and Husserl’s Ideas in 1913, the nineteenth century was a pivotal period in the philosophy of mind, witnessing the emergence of the phenomenological and analytical traditions that continue to shape philosophical debate in fundamental ways. The nineteenth century also challenged many prevailing assumptions about the transparency of the mind, particularly in the ideas of Nietzsche and Freud, whilst at the same time witnessing the birth of modern psychology in the work of William James. Covering the main figures of German idealism to the birth of the phenomenological movement under Brentano and Husserl, Philosophy of Mind in the Nineteenth Century provides an outstanding survey to these new directions in philosophy of mind. Following an introduction by Sandra Lapointe, fourteen specially commissioned chapters by an international team of contributors discuss key topics, thinkers, and debates, including: German idealism, Bolzano, Johann Friedrich Herbart, Ernst Mach, Helmholtz, Nietzsche, William James, Sigmund Freud, Brentano’s early philosophy of mind, Meinong, Christian von Ehrenfels, Husserl, and Natorp. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind, continental philosophy, and the history of philosophy, Philosophy of Mind in the Nineteenth Century is also a valuable resource for those in related disciplines such as psychology, religion, and literature.
Download or read book On Autobiographical Memory written by Anita Kasabova and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide an account of autobiographical memory, the memory of episodes in the subject's autobiography and to answer the following questions: what happens when we remember something? Why do we remember some things rather than others? The main assumptions in this book are that autobiographical memory is an active structure of a representational nature and that autobiographical memory is a construct of the imagination enabled by a semantic principle: the ground-consequence relation. Anita Kasabova reconstructs the epistemological accounts of memory by the Prague philosopher and mathematician, Bernard Bolzano and the Prague physiologist Ewald Hering as well as the phenomenological accounts by Edmund Husserl and Roman Ingarden, and discusses various accounts put forward within analytic philosophy. She examines the trace theory and its relation to the phenomenology of autobiographical memory and the different temporal perspectives that characterize this form of memory.Kasabova formulates a philosophical explication of how autobiographical memory works, dealing with issues such as: 'what are the defining features of autobiographical memory?'; 'how is it structured and how does it function?'; 'what is a recollection and what are the necessary and (for the most part) sufficient conditions for a recollection to occur?' Kasabova argues that such conditions are a sense of self and a sense of connectedness of the self that is semantic rather than causal, the subject's sense of ownership of past experiences and the capacity of imagination: for mental time travel and thinking about past episodes, you have to be able to produce representations not bound to the current situation. It is argued that access to the subject's personal past cannot occur otherwise than by construction in imagination. In order to reproduce a past experience in the present, imagination is necessary for representing a past episode as if it were present. Other necessary conditions for autobiographical memory are time-awareness, a continuous temporal reference frame, a successive temporal order and the capacity to refer back to previous positions in time. Finally, semantic relations of part-whole and ground-consequence are crucial for explaining autobiographical memory. It is argued that the part-whole relation is the principle of the memory trace and that the grounding relation co-ordinates the subject's perspective on past episodes in recollective statements. Kasabova argues that autobiographical memory is basically semantic, as it is grounded by and constructed through a 'sense-making' relation expressed by the explanatory conjunct 'because': we recall certain experiences or actions rather than other because we are sensitive to the reasons for having experienced it. The new book by Anita Kasabova fills a gap between traditional philosophical armchair speculations about memory and contemporary cognitive theories, which have grown out of extensive experimental research.The book's main idea that autobiographical memory is not a mere recollection but rather an active reconstruction of our past memories is not an entirely new one. Anita Kasabova, however, provides a new take on this idea by revealing that the theories of Bolzano, Hering, and Husserl not only bear historical significance but, properly reconstructed, they might be viewed as an important contribution to the contemporary interdisciplinary studies of memory.An appreciable achievement of the book is the chosen conceptual framework: it makes the idiosyncratic language of Bolzano and Husserl accessible to contemporary cognitive scientists as well as making the recent cognitive theories understandable for the traditional philosophical scholars. Even if this were the only achievement of Anita Kasabova (and it is not) it would represent her monograph as a book of a great merit for a large community of memory scholars. Assoc. Prof. Lilia Gurova, Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University
Download or read book Book Review Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every 3rd issue is a quarterly cumulation.
