Download or read book On The Integrity Of Deep Learning Systems In Adversarial Settings written by Nicolas Papernot and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep learning takes advantage of large datasets and computationally efficient training algorithms to outperform other approaches at various machine learning tasks. However, imperfections in the training phase of deep neural networks make them, like other machine learning techniques, vulnerable to adversarial samples: inputs crafted by adversaries with the intent of causing machine learning algorithms to misclassify. In this work, we formalize the space of adversaries against deep neural networks (DNNs) and introduce a novel class of algorithms to craft adversarial samples based on a precise understanding of the mapping between inputs and outputs of DNNs. In an application to computer vision, we show that our algorithms can reliably produce samples correctly classified by human subjects but misclassified in specific targets by a DNN with a 97% adversarial success rate while only modifying on average 4.02% of the input features per sample. We then evaluate the vulnerability of different sample classes to adversarial perturbations by defining a hardness measure. Finally, we describe preliminary work outlining defenses against adversarial samples by defining a predictive measure of distance between a benign input and a target classification.

Download or read book Characterizing the Limits and Defenses of Machine Learning in Adversarial Settings written by Nicolas Papernot and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in machine learning (ML) in recent years have enabled a dizzying array of applications such as object recognition, autonomous systems, security diagnostics, and playing the game of Go. Machine learning is not only a new paradigm for building software and systems, it is bringing social disruption at scale. There is growing recognition that ML exposes new vulnerabilities in software systems, yet the technical communitys understanding of the nature and extent of these vulnerabilities remains limited. In this thesis, I focus my study on the integrity of ML models. Integrity refers here to the faithfulness of model predictions with respect to an expected outcome. This property is at the core of traditional machine learning evaluation, as demonstrated by the pervasiveness of metrics such as accuracy among practitioners. A large fraction of ML techniques were designed for benign execution environments. Yet, the presence of adversaries may invalidate some of these underlying assumptions by forcing a mismatch between the distributions on which the model is trained and tested. As ML is increasingly applied and being relied on for decision-making in critical applications like transportation or energy, the models produced are becoming a target for adversaries who have a strong incentive to force ML to mispredict. I explore the space of attacks against ML integrity at test time. Given full or limited access to a trained model, I devise strategies that modify the test data to create a worst-case drift between the training and test distributions. The implications of this part of my research is that an adversary with very weak access to a system, and little knowledge about the ML techniques it deploys, can nevertheless mount powerful attacks against such systems as long as she has the capability of interacting with it as an oracle: i.e., send inputs of the adversarys choice and observe the ML prediction. This systematic exposition of the poor generalization of ML models indicates the lack of reliable confidence estimates when the model is making predictions far from its training data. Hence, my efforts to increase the robustness of models to these adversarial manipulations strive to decrease the confidence of predictions made far from the training distribution. Informed by my progress on attacks operating in the black-box threat model, I first identify limitations to two defenses: defensive distillation and adversarial training. I then describe recent defensive efforts addressing these shortcomings. To this end, I introduce the Deep k-Nearest Neighbors classifier, which augments deep neural networks with an integrity check at test time. The approach compares internal representations produced by the deep neural network on test data with the ones learned on its training points. Using the labels of training points whose representations neighbor the test input across the deep neural networks layers, I estimate the nonconformity of the prediction with respect to the models training data. An application of conformal prediction methodology then paves the way for more reliable estimates of the models prediction credibility, i.e., how well the prediction is supported by training data. In turn, we distinguish legitimate test data with high credibility from adversarial data with low credibility. This research calls for future efforts to investigate the robustness of individual layers of deep neural networks rather than treating the model as a black-box. This aligns well with the modular nature of deep neural networks, which orchestrate simple computations to model complex functions. This also allows us to draw connections to other areas like interpretability in ML, which seeks to answer the question of: How can we provide an explanation for the model prediction to a human? Another by-product of this research direction is that I better distinguish vulnerabilities of ML models that are a consequence of the ML algorithms from those that can be explained by artifacts in the data.

Download or read book Strengthening Deep Neural Networks written by Katy Warr and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As deep neural networks (DNNs) become increasingly common in real-world applications, the potential to deliberately "fool" them with data that wouldn’t trick a human presents a new attack vector. This practical book examines real-world scenarios where DNNs—the algorithms intrinsic to much of AI—are used daily to process image, audio, and video data. Author Katy Warr considers attack motivations, the risks posed by this adversarial input, and methods for increasing AI robustness to these attacks. If you’re a data scientist developing DNN algorithms, a security architect interested in how to make AI systems more resilient to attack, or someone fascinated by the differences between artificial and biological perception, this book is for you. Delve into DNNs and discover how they could be tricked by adversarial input Investigate methods used to generate adversarial input capable of fooling DNNs Explore real-world scenarios and model the adversarial threat Evaluate neural network robustness; learn methods to increase resilience of AI systems to adversarial data Examine some ways in which AI might become better at mimicking human perception in years to come

Download or read book Robust Machine Learning Algorithms and Systems for Detection and Mitigation of Adversarial Attacks and Anomalies written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intelligence Community Studies Board (ICSB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on December 11â€"12, 2018, in Berkeley, California, to discuss robust machine learning algorithms and systems for the detection and mitigation of adversarial attacks and anomalies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book Machine Learning in Adversarial Settings written by Hossein Hosseini and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success over the last decade in a variety of tasks. Such models are, however, typically designed and developed with the implicit assumption that they will be deployed in benign settings. With the increasing use of learning systems in security-sensitive and safety-critical application, such as banking, medical diagnosis, and autonomous cars, it is important to study and evaluate their performance in adversarial settings. The security of machine learning systems has been studied from different perspectives. Learning models are subject to attacks at both training and test phases. The main threat at test time is evasion attack, in which the attacker subtly modifies input data such that a human observer would perceive the original content, but the model generates different outputs. Such inputs, known as adversarial examples, has been used to attack voice interfaces, face-recognition systems and text classifiers. The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the test-time vulnerabilities of machine learning systems in adversarial settings and develop robust defensive mechanisms. The dissertation covers two classes of models, 1) commercial ML products developed by Google, namely Perspective, Cloud Vision, and Cloud Video Intelligence APIs, and 2) state-of-the-art image classification algorithms. In both cases, we propose novel test-time attack algorithms and also present defense methods against such attacks.

Download or read book Adversarial Machine Learning written by Aneesh Sreevallabh Chivukula and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical challenge in deep learning is the vulnerability of deep learning networks to security attacks from intelligent cyber adversaries. Even innocuous perturbations to the training data can be used to manipulate the behaviour of deep networks in unintended ways. In this book, we review the latest developments in adversarial attack technologies in computer vision; natural language processing; and cybersecurity with regard to multidimensional, textual and image data, sequence data, and temporal data. In turn, we assess the robustness properties of deep learning networks to produce a taxonomy of adversarial examples that characterises the security of learning systems using game theoretical adversarial deep learning algorithms. The state-of-the-art in adversarial perturbation-based privacy protection mechanisms is also reviewed. We propose new adversary types for game theoretical objectives in non-stationary computational learning environments. Proper quantification of the hypothesis set in the decision problems of our research leads to various functional problems, oracular problems, sampling tasks, and optimization problems. We also address the defence mechanisms currently available for deep learning models deployed in real-world environments. The learning theories used in these defence mechanisms concern data representations, feature manipulations, misclassifications costs, sensitivity landscapes, distributional robustness, and complexity classes of the adversarial deep learning algorithms and their applications. In closing, we propose future research directions in adversarial deep learning applications for resilient learning system design and review formalized learning assumptions concerning the attack surfaces and robustness characteristics of artificial intelligence applications so as to deconstruct the contemporary adversarial deep learning designs. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to Adversarial Machine Learning practitioners and Adversarial Artificial Intelligence researchers whose work involves the design and application of Adversarial Deep Learning.

Download or read book Neural Information Processing written by Derong Liu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The six volume set LNCS 10634, LNCS 10635, LNCS 10636, LNCS 10637, LNCS 10638, and LNCS 10639 constituts the proceedings of the 24rd International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2017, held in Guangzhou, China, in November 2017. The 563 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 856 submissions. The 6 volumes are organized in topical sections on Machine Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Big Data Analysis, Deep Learning, Brain-Computer Interface, Computational Finance, Computer Vision, Neurodynamics, Sensory Perception and Decision Making, Computational Intelligence, Neural Data Analysis, Biomedical Engineering, Emotion and Bayesian Networks, Data Mining, Time-Series Analysis, Social Networks, Bioinformatics, Information Security and Social Cognition, Robotics and Control, Pattern Recognition, Neuromorphic Hardware and Speech Processing.

Download or read book Adversarial Machine Learning written by Anthony D. Joseph and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study allows readers to get to grips with the conceptual tools and practical techniques for building robust machine learning in the face of adversaries.

Download or read book Adversarial Machine Learning written by Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-08 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing abundance of large high-quality datasets, combined with significant technical advances over the last several decades have made machine learning into a major tool employed across a broad array of tasks including vision, language, finance, and security. However, success has been accompanied with important new challenges: many applications of machine learning are adversarial in nature. Some are adversarial because they are safety critical, such as autonomous driving. An adversary in these applications can be a malicious party aimed at causing congestion or accidents, or may even model unusual situations that expose vulnerabilities in the prediction engine. Other applications are adversarial because their task and/or the data they use are. For example, an important class of problems in security involves detection, such as malware, spam, and intrusion detection. The use of machine learning for detecting malicious entities creates an incentive among adversaries to evade detection by changing their behavior or the content of malicius objects they develop. The field of adversarial machine learning has emerged to study vulnerabilities of machine learning approaches in adversarial settings and to develop techniques to make learning robust to adversarial manipulation. This book provides a technical overview of this field. After reviewing machine learning concepts and approaches, as well as common use cases of these in adversarial settings, we present a general categorization of attacks on machine learning. We then address two major categories of attacks and associated defenses: decision-time attacks, in which an adversary changes the nature of instances seen by a learned model at the time of prediction in order to cause errors, and poisoning or training time attacks, in which the actual training dataset is maliciously modified. In our final chapter devoted to technical content, we discuss recent techniques for attacks on deep learning, as well as approaches for improving robustness of deep neural networks. We conclude with a discussion of several important issues in the area of adversarial learning that in our view warrant further research. Given the increasing interest in the area of adversarial machine learning, we hope this book provides readers with the tools necessary to successfully engage in research and practice of machine learning in adversarial settings.

Download or read book Attacks Defenses and Testing for Deep Learning written by Jinyin Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adversarial Robustness of Deep Learning Models written by Samarth Gupta (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficient operation and control of modern day urban systems such as transportation networks is now more important than ever due to huge societal benefits. Low cost network-wide sensors generate large amounts of data which needs to processed to extract useful information necessary for operational maintenance and to perform real-time control. Modern Machine Learning (ML) systems, particularly Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), provide a scalable solution to the problem of information retrieval from sensor data. Therefore, Deep Learning systems are increasingly playing an important role in day-to-day operations of our urban systems and hence cannot not be treated as standalone systems anymore. This naturally raises questions from a security viewpoint. Are modern ML systems robust to adversarial attacks for deployment in critical real-world applications? If not, then how can we make progress in securing these systems against such attacks? In this thesis we first demonstrate the vulnerability of modern ML systems on a real world scenario relevant to transportation networks by successfully attacking a commercial ML platform using a traffic-camera image. We review different methods of defense and various challenges associated in training an adversarially robust classifier. In terms of contributions, we propose and investigate a new method of defense to build adversarially robust classifiers using Error-Correcting Codes (ECCs). The idea of using Error-Correcting Codes for multi-class classification has been investigated in the past but only under nominal settings. We build upon this idea in the context of adversarial robustness of Deep Neural Networks. Following the guidelines of code-book design from literature, we formulate a discrete optimization problem to generate codebooks in a systematic manner. This optimization problem maximizes minimum hamming distance between codewords of the codebook while maintaining high column separation. Using the optimal solution of the discrete optimization problem as our codebook, we then build a (robust) multi-class classifier from that codebook. To estimate the adversarial accuracy of ECC based classifiers resulting from different codebooks, we provide methods to generate gradient based white-box attacks. We discuss estimation of class probability estimates (or scores) which are in itself useful for real-world applications along with their use in generating black-box and white-box attacks. We also discuss differentiable decoding methods, which can also be used to generate white-box attacks. We are able to outperform standard all-pairs codebook, providing evidence to the fact that compact codebooks generated using our discrete optimization approach can indeed provide high performance. Most importantly, we show that ECC based classifiers can be partially robust even without any adversarial training. We also show that this robustness is simply not a manifestation of the large network capacity of the overall classifier. Our approach can be seen as the first step towards designing classifiers which are robust by design. These contributions suggest that ECCs based approach can be useful to improve the robustness of modern ML systems and thus making urban systems more resilient to adversarial attacks.

Download or read book Measuring and Enhancing the Security of Machine Learning written by Florian Simon Tramèr and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surprising failure modes of machine learning systems threaten their viability in security-critical settings. For example, machine learning models are easily fooled by adversarially chosen inputs, and have the propensity to leak the sensitive data of their users. In this dissertation, we introduce new techniques to proactively measure and enhance the security of machine learning systems. We begin by formally analyzing the threat posed by adversarial examples to the integrity of machine learning models. We argue that the security implications of these attacks has been overstated for many applications, yet demonstrate one application where these attacks are indeed realistic--for evading online content moderation systems. We then show that existing defense techniques operate in fundamentally limited threat models, and therefore cannot hope to prevent realistic attacks. We further introduce new techniques for protecting the privacy of users of machine learning systems--both at training and deployment time. For training, we show how feature engineering techniques can substantially improve differentially private learning algorithms. For deployment, we design a system that combines hardware protections and cryptography to privately outsource machine learning workloads to the cloud. In both cases, we protect a user's sensitive data from other parties while achieving significantly better utility than in prior work. We hope that our results will pave the way towards a more rigorous assessment of machine learning models' vulnerability against evasion attacks, and motivate the deployment of efficient privacy-preserving learning systems.

Download or read book GANs in Action written by Vladimir Bok and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deep learning systems have gotten really great at identifying patterns in text, images, and video. But applications that create realistic images, natural sentences and paragraphs, or native-quality translations have proven elusive. Generative Adversarial Networks, or GANs, offer a promising solution to these challenges by pairing two competing neural networks' one that generates content and the other that rejects samples that are of poor quality. GANs in Action: Deep learning with Generative Adversarial Networks teaches you how to build and train your own generative adversarial networks. First, you'll get an introduction to generative modelling and how GANs work, along with an overview of their potential uses. Then, you'll start building your own simple adversarial system, as you explore the foundation of GAN architecture: the generator and discriminator networks. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications.

Download or read book 16th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security written by Dr Juan Lopez Jr and published by Academic Conferences Limited. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 16th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS 2021), hosted by joint collaboration of Tennessee Tech Cybersecurity Education, Research and Outreach Center (CEROC), Computer Science department and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee on 25-26 February 2021. The Conference Co-Chairs are Dr. Juan Lopez Jr, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, and Dr. Ambareen Siraj, Tennessee Tech’s Cybersecurity Education, Research and Outreach Center (CEROC), and the Program Chair is Dr. Kalyan Perumalla, from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee.

Download or read book AI Machine Learning and Deep Learning written by Fei Hu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-05 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning/ Deep Learning (ML/DL) have become the hottest areas in information technology. In our society, many intelligent devices rely on AI/ML/DL algorithms/tools for smart operations. Although AI/ML/DL algorithms and tools have been used in many internet applications and electronic devices, they are also vulnerable to various attacks and threats. AI parameters may be distorted by the internal attacker; the DL input samples may be polluted by adversaries; the ML model may be misled by changing the classification boundary, among many other attacks and threats. Such attacks can make AI products dangerous to use. While this discussion focuses on security issues in AI/ML/DL-based systems (i.e., securing the intelligent systems themselves), AI/ML/DL models and algorithms can actually also be used for cyber security (i.e., the use of AI to achieve security). Since AI/ML/DL security is a newly emergent field, many researchers and industry professionals cannot yet obtain a detailed, comprehensive understanding of this area. This book aims to provide a complete picture of the challenges and solutions to related security issues in various applications. It explains how different attacks can occur in advanced AI tools and the challenges of overcoming those attacks. Then, the book describes many sets of promising solutions to achieve AI security and privacy. The features of this book have seven aspects: This is the first book to explain various practical attacks and countermeasures to AI systems Both quantitative math models and practical security implementations are provided It covers both "securing the AI system itself" and "using AI to achieve security" It covers all the advanced AI attacks and threats with detailed attack models It provides multiple solution spaces to the security and privacy issues in AI tools The differences among ML and DL security and privacy issues are explained Many practical security applications are covered

Download or read book Wireless Algorithms Systems and Applications written by Zhe Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 12937 - 12939 constitutes the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, WASA 2021, which was held during June 25-27, 2021. The conference took place in Nanjing, China.The 103 full and 57 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 315 submissions. The following topics are covered in Part I of the set: network protocols, signal processing, wireless telecommunication systems, blockchain, IoT and edge computing, artificial intelligence, computer security, distributed computer systems, machine learning, and others.

Download or read book Machine Learning Security of Deep Learning Systems Under Adversarial Perturbations written by Jiefei Wei and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: