Download or read book On the Incorporation of Biokinetic and Mechanistic Data in Modeling for Risk Assessment written by Harvey J. Clewell and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the studies described in this thesis was to foster the increased use of emerging scientific information and innovative methods in chemical risk assessments, in order to assure the protection of public health while limiting the economic and social consequences of over-regulation. The first part of the thesis presents three studies that were performed to demonstrate approaches for incorporating biokinetic and mechanistic data and mathematical modeling in risk assessment, focusing on mode of action evaluation, physiologically based biokinetic (PBBK) modeling, and benchmark dose-response (BMD) modeling. The second part of the thesis documents three studies that were performed to show the ability of PBBK modeling to describe the interaction between chemical-specific properties, physiology, and age-dependent biochemical processes and the resulting variability in risks across individuals in a population at different ages. The final part of the thesis describes three studies that attempted to make optimal use of available biokinetic and mechanistic data in cancer risk assessments for vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene using the three methodologies discussed in the first section of the thesis. Overall, the research described in this thesis demonstrates that the use of mode-of-action evaluation, PBBK modeling, and quantitative dose-response modeling greatly increases the opportunity for the use of biokinetic and mechanistic data in risk assessment. The resulting risk assessment approaches are more appropriately tailored to the specific chemical and are likely to provide a more accurate assessment of the potential hazards associated with human exposures. The studies in this thesis also demonstrate that the application of PBBK models in risk assessment demands well-formulated statements about the chemical mode of action. It is this requirement for an explicit, mechanistic hypothesis that gives biologically motivated models their power, but at t

Download or read book Development of a Biokinetic Model for Radionuclide contaminated Wounds and Procedures for Their Assessment Dosimetry and Treatment written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by NCRP. This book was released on 2007 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Big Data in Predictive Toxicology written by Daniel Neagu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-12-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rate at which toxicological data is generated is continually becoming more rapid and the volume of data generated is growing dramatically. This is due in part to advances in software solutions and cheminformatics approaches which increase the availability of open data from chemical, biological and toxicological and high throughput screening resources. However, the amplified pace and capacity of data generation achieved by these novel techniques presents challenges for organising and analysing data output. Big Data in Predictive Toxicology discusses these challenges as well as the opportunities of new techniques encountered in data science. It addresses the nature of toxicological big data, their storage, analysis and interpretation. It also details how these data can be applied in toxicity prediction, modelling and risk assessment. This title is of particular relevance to researchers and postgraduates working and studying in the fields of computational methods, applied and physical chemistry, cheminformatics, biological sciences, predictive toxicology and safety and hazard assessment.

Download or read book Issue Paper on the Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Trends in Pharmacokinetics written by Aldo Rescigno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade or so has witnessed tremendous progress in methodology in the field of drug development in general and pharmacokinetics in particular. Clinical pharmacokinetics is using new tools for probing into the "black box" once being ac cessible only partly through experimental techniques and, mostly through mathemati cal and computer means. Development of computerized scanning, positron emission tomography (PET), stereoselectivity and other techniques are now enabling investi gators to have better pictures of the systems they are studying. Mathematical models through computer simulation and statistical estimation, mostly due to easy access be cause of inexpensive yet powerful personal computers, are enabling us to investigate ultrastructures and their functional connectivity in more detail. As a consequence, new hypotheses are being formed and tested in various related fields. In clinical pharmacokinetics, mostly due to mathematical modeling, more accurate interspecies scaling of pharmacokinetic parameters and dosimetry can be done now-a-days. The concept of "a human is a bigger rat" does not necessarily fly as a consequence. Pharmacokinetic concepts are becoming powerful tools in meaningful carcinogenic and toxic risk extrapolation of different chemicals in humans. New dose delivery designs are being formulated using pharmacokinetic techniques for different pharmaceutical compounds. Investigations continue in the academia, research institutions, pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and agricultural industries in developmental and physiological aspects of different chemicals for the benefit of mankind. The idea of a school on "New Trends in Pharmacokinetics", from which the present pUblication was made possible, took shape over almost a year.

Download or read book Environmental Risk Assessment written by Ted Simon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of risk assessment is to support science-based decisions about how to solve complex societal problems. The problems we face in the twenty-first century have many social, political, and technical complexities. Environmental risk assessment in particular is of increasing importance as a means of seeking to address the potential effects of chemicals in the environment in both the developed and developing world. Environmental Risk Assessment: A Toxicological Approach examines various aspects of problem formulation, exposure, toxicity, and risk characterization that apply to both human health and ecological risk assessment. The book is aimed at the next generation of risk assessors and students who need to know more about developing, conducting, and interpreting risk assessments. It delivers a comprehensive view of the field, complete with sufficient background to enable readers to probe for themselves the science underlying the key issues in environmental risk. Written in an engaging and lively style by a highly experienced risk assessment practitioner, the text: Introduces the science of risk assessment—past, present, and future Covers problem formation and the development of exposure factors Explains how human epidemiology and animal testing data are used to determine toxicity criteria Provides environmental sampling data for conducting practice risk assessments Examines the use of in vitro and ‘omics methods for toxicity testing Describes the political and social aspects of science-based decisions in the twenty-first century Includes fully worked examples, case studies, discussion questions, and links to legislative hearings Readers of this volume will not only learn how to execute site-specific human health and ecological risk assessments but also gain a greater understanding of how science is used in deciding environmental regulations.

Download or read book ATLA written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Risk Assessment of Phytochemicals in Food written by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing the scientific background on the risk and safety assessment of toxicity in phytochemicals in everyday food, this monograph contains the pros and cons of 20 testing methods, with comments by the internationally acknowledged and independent DFG Senate Commission on Food Safety. Supplemented by 40 poster contributions on phytochemicals and their effects.

Download or read book Fiscal Year 2001 Budget Authorization Request written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineered Nanoparticles and the Environment written by Baoshan Xing and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-10 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the source, release, exposure, adsorption, aggregation, bioavailability, transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles found in many common products and applications Covers synthesis, environmental application, detection, and characterization of engineered nanoparticles Details the toxicity and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles Includes topics on the transport, transformation, and modeling of engineered nanoparticles Presents the latest developments and knowledge of engineered nanoparticles Written by world leading experts from prestigious universities and companies

Download or read book The Illusion of Risk Control written by Gilles Motet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book explores the implications of acknowledging uncertainty and black swans for regulation of high-hazard technologies, for stakeholder acceptability of potentially hazardous activities and for risk governance. The conventional approach to risk assessment, which combines the likelihood of an event and the severity of its consequences, is poorly suited to situations where uncertainty and ambiguity are prominent features of the risk landscape. The new definition of risk used by ISO, “the effect of uncertainty on [achievement of] one’s objectives”, recognizes this paradigm change. What lessons can we draw from the management of fire hazards in Edo-era Japan? Are there situations in which increasing uncertainty allows more effective safety management? How should society address the risk of potentially planet-destroying scientific experiments? This book presents insights from leading scholars in different disciplines to challenge current risk governance and safety management practice.

Download or read book Risk Assessment Methods written by V.T. Covello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has already been written about risk assessment. Epidemiologists write books on how risk assessment is used to explore the factors that influence the distribution of disease in populations of people. Toxicologists write books on how risk assess ment involves exposing animals to risk agents and concluding from the results what risks people might experience if similarly exposed. Engineers write books on how risk assessment is utilized to estimate the risks of constructing a new facility such as a nuclear power plant. Statisticians write books on how risk assessment may be used to analyze mortality or accident data to determine risks. There are already many books on risk assessment-the trouble is that they all seem to be about different sUbjects! This book takes another approach. It brings together all the methods for assessing risk into a common framework, thus demonstrating how the various methods relate to one another. This produces four important benefits: • First, it provides a comprehensive reference for risk assessment. This one source offers readers concise explanations of the many methods currently available for describing and quantifying diverse types of risks. • Second, it consistently evaluates and compares available risk assessment methods and identifies their specific strengths and limitations. Understand ing the limitations of risk assessment methods is important. The field is still in its infancy, and the problems with available methods are disappoint ingly numerous. At the same time, risk assessment is being used.

Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Download or read book Predictive Modeling and Risk Assessment written by Rui Costa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The single most important task of food scientists and the food industry as a whole is to ensure the safety of foods supplied to consumers. Recent trends in global food production, distribution and preparation call for increased emphasis on hygienic practices at all levels and for increased research in food safety in order to ensure a safer global food supply. The ISEKI-Food book series is a collection of books where various aspects of food safety and environmental issues are introduced and reviewed by scientists specializing in the field. In all of the books a special emp- sis was placed on including case studies applicable to each specific topic. The books are intended for graduate students and senior level undergraduate students as well as professionals and researchers interested in food safety and environmental issues applicable to food safety. The idea and planning of the books originates from two working groups in the European thematic network “ISEKI-Food” an acronym for “Integrating Safety and Environmental Knowledge In to Food Studies”. Participants in the ISEKI-Food network come from 29 countries in Europe and most of the institutes and univer- ties involved with Food Science education at the university level are represented. Some international companies and non teaching institutions have also participated in the program. The ISEKI-Food network is coordinated by Professor Cristina Silva at The Catholic University of Portugal, College of Biotechnology (Escola) in Porto. The program has a web site at: http://www. esb. ucp. pt/iseki/.

Download or read book Risk Assessment of Chemicals An Introduction written by C.J. van Leeuwen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At last – a second edition of this hugely important text that reflects the progress and experience gained in the last decade and aims at providing background and training material for a new generation of risk assessors. The authors offer an introduction to risk assessment of chemicals as well as basic background information on sources, emissions, distribution and fate processes for the estimation of exposure of plant and animal species in the environment and humans exposed via the environment, consumer products, and at the workplace. The coverage describes the basic principles and methods of risk assessment within their legislative frameworks (EU, USA, Japan and Canada).

Download or read book Clinical Environmental Health and Toxic Exposures written by John Burke Sullivan and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its revised and updated Second Edition, this volume is the most comprehensive and authoritative text in the rapidly evolving field of environmental toxicology. The book provides the objective information that health professionals need to prevent environmental health problems, plan for emergencies, and evaluate toxic exposures in patients.Coverage includes safety, regulatory, and legal issues; clinical toxicology of specific organ systems; emergency medical response to hazardous materials releases; and hazards of specific industries and locations. Nearly half of the book examines all known toxins and environmental health hazards. A Brandon-Hill recommended title.

Download or read book Radiation Risks in Perspective written by Kenneth L. Mossman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-10-20 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public misperception of radiological risk consistently directs limited resources toward managing minimal or even phantom risks at great cost to government and industry with no measurable benefit to overall public health. The public's inability to comprehend small theoretical risks arrived at through inherently uncertain formulae, coupled with an ir