Download or read book On the Improvement of Phase Noise in Wideband Frequency Synthesizers written by Pandelani Reuben Munyai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless communication systems are based on frequency synthesizers that generate carrier signals, which are used to transmit information. Frequency synthesizers use voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) to produce the required frequencies within a specified period of time. In the process of generating frequency, the VCO and other electronic components such as amplifiers produce some unwanted short-term frequency variations, which cause frequency instability within the frequency of interest known as phase noise (PN). PN has a negative impact on the performance of the overall wireless communication system. A literature study conducted on this research reveals that the existing PN cancellation techniques have some limitations and drawbacks that require further attention. A new PN correction technique based on the combination of least mean square (LMS) adaptive filtering and single-loop single-bit Sigma Delta (SD) modulator is proposed. The new design is also based on the Cascaded Resonator Feedback (CRFB) architecture. The noise transfer function (NTF) of the architecture was formulated in way that made it possible to stabilize the frequency fluctuations within the in-band (frequency of interest) by locating its poles and zeros within the unit circle. The new design was simulated and tested on a commercially available software tool called Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS). Simulation results show that the new technique achieves better results when compared with existing techniques as it achieves a 104 dB signal-to-noise (SNR), which is an improvement of 9 dB when compared with the existing technique accessed from the latest publications. The new design also achieves a clean signal with minimal spurious tones within the inband with a phase noise level of -141 dBc/Hz (lower phase noise level by 28 dBc/Hz) when compared with the existing techniques.

Download or read book Phase Noise in Signal Sources written by W. P. Robins and published by IET. This book was released on 1984 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a thorough treatment of phase noise, its relationship to thermal noise and associated subjects such as frequency stability. The design of low phase noise signal sources, including oscillators and synthesisers, is explained and in many cases the measured phase noise characteristics are compared with the theoretical predictions. Full theoretical treatments are combined with physical explanations, helpful comments, examples of manufactured equipment and practical tips. Overall system performance degradations due to unwanted phase noise are fully analysed for radar systems and for both analogue and digital communications systems. Specifications for the acceptable phase noise performance of signal sources to be used in such systems are derived after allowing for both technical and economic optimisation. The mature engineer whose mathematics may be somewhat rusty will find that every effort has been made to use the lowest level of mathematical sophistication that is compatible with a full analysis and every line of each mathematical argument has been set out so that the book may be read and understood even in an armchair. Due to a novel approach to the analytical treatment of narrow band noise, the book is simple to understand while simultaneously carrying the analysis further in several areas than any existing publication.

Download or read book Frequency Synthesizer Design Handbook written by James A. Crawford and published by Artech House Microwave Library. This book was released on 1994 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is aimed at practitioners wishing to gain a broader systems-based perspective of phase-locked loops; and is also suitable as a graduate text for engineering students. It provides detailed coverage of digital sampling effects in modern phase-locked frequency synthesizers from a systems perspective, and discusses all aspects of phase noise, its mathematical modelling and its impact upon different digital communication systems. Sections on building blocks for frequency synthesis using phase-locked loops, frequency synthesis using sampled-data control systems, and MASCET, are included.

Download or read book Reducing Phase Noise and Spurious Tones in Fractional n Synthesizers written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A frequency synthesizer is a control system which employs a reference signal from a component, such as a crystal oscillator, with excellent phase and frequency stability to synthesize higher frequencies with similarly desirable characteristics. Such a control system is at the heart of many communication schemes. Due to the digital circuitry used in frequency synthesis, it is relatively straightforward to synthesize frequencies at integer multiples of the reference signal frequency. A synthesizer which achieves this is called an integer-N frequency synthesizer. The main challenge in the design of integer-N synthesizers is to reduce phase noise introduced by circuitry while achieving a needed frequency resolution. Noise can be spectrally spread by conversions in the loop which are non-linear, so the strategy to reduce noise is two-fold. Control-loop and circuit design techniques can be used to reduce device noise, but it is also important to make sure that the noise performance is not degraded by spectral spreading within the loop. This thesis addresses primarily the latter approach with the design and implementation of circuits targeting a specific conversion within the loop. Frequency resolution of a synthesizer can be improved by introducing additional circuitry and complexity. This additional complexity makes it possible to multiply the reference frequency by a fractional number and thus achieve higher frequency resolution. A control system which achieves this is called a fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The cost associated with the increased frequency resolution is a form of noise that is deterministic called spurious noise. This spurious noise can also be spread and amplified by non-linear conversions in the control loop. A quantitative understanding of the magnitude of this noise that is not readily available in the literature was developed in this research. A comparison between several implementations of integrated frequency synthesis was also carried out in this research with the intent of providing guidelines to produce a better performing synthesizer. These implementations differ in key components of the loop where linearity is of particular importance.

Download or read book Frequency Synthesizers written by Vadim Manassewitsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1976 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frequency Synthesis Theory Design Applications written by Věnceslav F. Kroupa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1973 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock written by William F. Egan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta,Diophantine, and all-digital Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen inpopularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital natureand its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of thepopular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, thistimely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta bypairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research.Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses bothsigma-delta and fractional-n—the still-in-use forerunner tosigma-delta—employing Simulink® models and detailedsimulations of results to promote a deeper understanding. After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs areproduced at the synthesizer output by the basic process anddifferent methods for overcoming them. It investigates how variousdefects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise inthe synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed,and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources bychoosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architecturesare then reviewed. The Simulink simulation models that provided data for thepreceding discussions are described, providing guidance in makinguse of such models for further exploration. Next, another methodfor achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fineresolution—the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer—isintroduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered,further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push theirbandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the bookreviews a newly important technology that is poised to becomewidely used in high-production consumerelectronics—all-digital frequency synthesis. Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on variousstages of development, and many related resources are available fordownload, including Simulink models, MATLAB® scripts,spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make thisauthoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want toachieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and anawareness of the latest developments in the field.

Download or read book Integrated RF CMOS Frequency Synthesizers and Oscillators for Wireless Applications written by Adem Aktas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) frequency synthesizers are used in wireless transceivers for frequency conversion. Recent directions in PLL frequency synthesizer research and development are to fully integrate PLL synthesizers in CMOS technology, to improve phase noise performance, and to operate wide range of frequency bands and channel bandwidths. Fully integration of synthesizers in CMOS technology is desired for low cost, low power consumption and small size in mobile wireless terminals. Low phase noise is required by digital modulation techniques which have been used in new mobile standards for the efficient use of the frequency spectrum. Operation over a wide range of frequency bands and channel bandwidths are required to support migration and backward compatibility in the wireless standard evolution. This work investigates the PLL frequency synthesizer design and implementation in CMOS technology with focus on integration of wideband VCOs (Voltage-Controlled Oscillators). Phase noise of a PLL synthesizer is a major design parameter. A PLL noise model is developed for noise optimization purposes. Wideband RF VCO design with sub-bands is investigated. Frequency planning, synthesizer architecture and technology considerations are also explored for wideband VCO design. Band switching techniques VCO tuning range presented. Active VCO circuit topologies and resonator design are also presented. The PLL frequency synthesizers are designed and implemented for a multi-band/standard(IEEE 802.11a/b/g) WLAN radio in 0.18um CMOS. Phase noise trade-offs for PLL design are explored in this application. Development and design of a wideband VCO for this application is also presented. An auto calibration circuit is developed for VCO tuning band selection. Another application of the wideband PLL frequency synthesizer is designed and implemented for a fully integrated dual-mode frequency synthesizer for GSM and WCDMA standards in 0.5um CMOS. A hybrid integer-N/fractional-N architecture is developed to meet the multi-standard requirements. Design and implementation of high performance RF VCO depends on the RF models of the devices. RF CMOS characterization and modeling techniques are explored. Microwave wafer measurement and calibration techniques are also investigated for CMOS technology.

Download or read book Design Techniques for High Performance Integrated Frequency Synthesizers for Multi standard Wireless Communication Applications written by Li Lin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Frequency Synthesizers for Wireless Systems written by Andrea Leonardo Lacaita and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-28 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly demanding performance requirements of communications systems, as well as problems posed by the continued scaling of silicon technology, present numerous challenges for the design of frequency synthesizers in modern transceivers. This book contains everything you need to know for the efficient design of frequency synthesizers for today's communications applications. If you need to optimize performance and minimize design time, you will find this book invaluable. Using an intuitive yet rigorous approach, the authors describe simple analytical methods for the design of phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers using scaled silicon CMOS and bipolar technologies. The entire design process, from system-level specification to layout, is covered comprehensively. Practical design examples are included, and implementation issues are addressed. A key problem-solving resource for practitioners in IC design, the book will also be of interest to researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering.

Download or read book Technique of In band Phase Noise Reduction in Fractional N Frequency Synthesizers written by 王俊彬 and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frequency Synthesis written by Jerzy Gorski-Popiel and published by IEEE Computer Society Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock written by William F. Egan and published by . This book was released on 1981-01-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasises the fundamentals of frequency synthesis.

Download or read book Research on Reducing Out of band Phase Noise of Fractional n Frequency Synthesizer written by 林嘉豪 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Low Phase Noise High Bandwidth Frequency Synthesis Techniques written by Scott Edward Meninger and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quantization noise reduction technique is proposed that allows fractional-N frequency synthesizers to achieve high closed loop bandwidth and low output phase noise simultaneously. Quantization induced phase noise is the bottleneck in state-of-the-art synthesizer design, and results in a noise-bandwidth tradeoff that typically limits closed loop synthesizer bandwidths to be

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Agile Frequency Synthesizer written by Sabbir Ahmed Osmany and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern cellular phones and base stations have to serve a multitude of wireless communication standards with each standard using different frequency bands. For such applications, a universal programmable hardware is desirable which is often referred to as software-defined radio (SDR). This book describes agile frequency synthesizers representing key building blocks for an SDR transceiver. In this work, an innovative frequency generation scheme is derived to provide a multi-octave tuning range with very low phase noise and low spurs. A PLL phase noise model including a nonlinear phase detector is thoroughly discussed. Design techniques for low phase noise VCOs with mixed analog/digital tuning are presented. Further, the book investigates both single-loop and dual-loop PLL architectures in fractional-N synthesizers. An unconventional two-transistor based charge pump in a dual-loop PLL improves phase detector linearity and reduces charge pump noise. This results in a low in-band phase noise similar to an integer-N synthesizer. Finally, the book presents the design of fully integrated integer-N and fractional-N frequency synthesizers with detailed measurement results.

Download or read book Frequency Synthesizers and Oscillator Architectures Based on Multi order Harmonic Generation written by Mohammed Abdul-Latif and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frequency synthesizers are essential components for modern wireless and wireline communication systems as they provide the local oscillator signal required to transmit and receive data at very high rates. They are also vital for computing devices and microcontrollers as they generate the clocks required to run all the digital circuitry responsible for the high speed computations. Data rates and clocking speeds are continuously increasing to accommodate for the ever growing demand on data and computational power. This places stringent requirements on the performance metrics of frequency synthesizers. They are required to run at higher speeds, cover a wide range of frequencies, provide a low jitter/phase noise output and consume minimum power and area. In this work, we present new techniques and architectures for implementing high speed frequency synthesizers which fulfill the aforementioned requirements. We propose a new architecture and design approach for the realization of wideband millimeter-wave frequency synthesizers. This architecture uses two-step multi-order harmonic generation of a low frequency phase-locked signal to generate wideband mm-wave frequencies. A prototype of the proposed system is designed and fabricated in 90nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Measurement results demonstrated that a very wide tuning range of 5 to 32 GHz can be achieved, which is costly to implement using conventional techniques. Moreover the power consumption per octave resembles that of state-of-the art reports. Next, we propose the N-Push cyclic coupled ring oscillator (CCRO) architecture to implement two high performance oscillators: (1) a wideband N-Push/M-Push CCRO operating from 3.16-12.8GHz implemented by two harmonic generation operations using the availability of different phases from the CCRO, and (2) a 13-25GHz millimeter-wave N-Push CCRO with a low phase noise performance of -118dBc/Hz at 10MHz. The proposed oscillators achieve low phase noise with higher FOM than state of the art work. Finally, we present some improvement techniques applied to the performance of phase locked loops (PLLs). We present an adaptive low pass filtering technique which can reduce the reference spur of integer-N charge-pump based PLLs by around 20dB while maintaining the settling time of the original PLL. Another PLL is presented, which features very low power consumption targeting the Medical Implantable Communication Standard. It operates at 402-405 MHz while consuming 600microW from a 1V supply.