Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Bimolecular Reactions The stripping mechanism of the reactions Ar H2 D2 right arrow ArH H ArD D at energies 20 eV written by A. Henglein and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Bimolecular Reactions Part II The Stripping Mechanism of the Reactions Ar H2 D2 to ArH H ArD D at Energies 20 EV written by K. Lacmann and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bands of ArH(+) and ArD(+) ions have been observed in the velocity spectra of the ions resulting from the interaction (chemical reaction and scattering) of Ar(+) ions with H2 and D2, respectively. The bands are practically located as it is expected from the stripping model. It is concluded that the Ar(+) ion does not collide with the whole hydrogen molecule in a completely inelastic manner as it is the case at low kinetic energies, where the polarization theory of ion-molecule reactions is applicable. The Ar(+) ion interacts only with the captured hydrogen atom without transfer of momentum to the second atom. The critical energies of the incident Ar(+) ions, above which the cross sections of the two reactions are zero, differ by a factor of about 2 and agree with the energies calculated from the stripping model. In addition, some minor deviations from the stripping model are mentioned. (Author).
Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Bimolecular Reactions Investigations of the reaction N2 H2 D2 right arrow N2H H N2D D and CO H2 D2 right arrow COH H COD D written by A. Henglein and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Bimolecular Reactions Theory and experimental method for the determination of the velocity spectrum of products from Simple H transfer reactions of the type X H2 right arrow XH H written by A. Henglein and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Bimolecular Reactions Part I Theory and Experimental Method for the Determination of the Velocity Spectrum of Products from Simple H Transfer Reactions of the Type X H2 to XH H written by A. Henglein and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simple apparatus is described which allows one to measure the velocity spectrum of the XH(+) or XD(+) ions, respectively, resulting from ion-molecule reactions of the type X(+) + H2(D2) forming XH(+) + H(XD(+) + D). The secondary ions are not accelerated after their formation. The incident X(+)-ions have kinetic energies between 20 and 200 cV. Furthermore, the velocity spectra are calculated which have to be expected for different collision models. (1) Complex model: All the atoms in the reactants participate in the collision. Every kind of collision between those limiting cases is conceivable, in which the relative kinetic energy of the reactants and the heat of reaction appear as internal energy of the product ion or as kinetic energy of both products (completely inelastic and elastic collision with atomic rearrangement, respectively). (2) Stripping model: The incident X(+)-particle hits only one atom of the hydrogen molecule in a completely inelastic collision without transfer of momentum to the second hydrogen atom. It is also shown that the cross section of the reaction becomes zero above a certain energy of the incident ion. This critical energy depends on the collision mechanism. It can be measured with the apparatus described. In addition an isotope effect of the order of 2 with respect to the critical energy is expected from the transfer of an H or D atom, respectively.
Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Bimolecular Reactions written by A. Henglein and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simple apparatus is described which allows one to measure the velocity spectrum of the XH(+) or XD(+) ions, respectively, resulting from ion-molecule reactions of the type X(+) + H2(D2) forming XH(+) + H(XD(+) + D). The secondary ions are not accelerated after their formation. The incident X(+)-ions have kinetic energies between 20 and 200 cV. Furthermore, the velocity spectra are calculated which have to be expected for different collision models. (1) Complex model: All the atoms in the reactants participate in the collision. Every kind of collision between those limiting cases is conceivable, in which the relative kinetic energy of the reactants and the heat of reaction appear as internal energy of the product ion or as kinetic energy of both products (completely inelastic and elastic collision with atomic rearrangement, respectively). (2) Stripping model: The incident X(+)-particle hits only one atom of the hydrogen molecule in a completely inelastic collision without transfer of momentum to the second hydrogen atom. It is also shown that the cross section of the reaction becomes zero above a certain energy of the incident ion. This critical energy depends on the collision mechanism. It can be measured with the apparatus described. In addition an isotope effect of the order of 2 with respect to the critical energy is expected from the transfer of an H or D atom, respectively.
Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Biomolecular Reactions Part III Investigations of the Reaction N2 H2 D2 to N2H H N2D D and CO H2 D2 to COH H COD D written by K. Lacmann and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At moderate kinetic energies up to about 50 eV of the incident ion, the velocity spectra agree with the predictions of the stripping model. At higher energies, the bands of the product ions are shifted to somewhat higher velocities. This indicates preferential forward scattering of the charged reaction product and less conversion of kinetic energy of the incident ion into internal energy of the products. As was expected, the cross sections for the transfer of an H- and D-atom are equal at the same relative kinetic energy. Over a wide range of energy, the cross section depends on the relative kinetic energy as sigma = k1 . c to the ( -k2Es) power. Reactions could still be observed at relative kinetic energies, which are larger than the dissociation energy of the product ion (up to 7 eV for N2H(+) and N2D(+) and up to 10 eV for COH(+) and COD(+)). These details of the collision mechanism are tentatively explained by two hypotheses. (Author).
Download or read book On the Collision Mechanism of Bimolecular Reactions written by K. Lacmann and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bimolecular Collisions written by M. N. R. Ashfold and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to provide an authoritative and timely review of advances in the field of gas-phase photochemistry and kinetics, this volume contains a collection of papers on biomolecular collisions. Contributors discuss collision processes, reactive processes and association reactions.
Download or read book Chemical Kinetics written by Luis Arnaut and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-21 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Kinetics bridges the gap between beginner and specialist with a path that leads the reader from the phenomenological approach to the rates of chemical reactions to the state-of-the-art calculation of the rate constants of the most prevalent reactions: atom transfers, catalysis, proton transfers, substitution reactions, energy transfers and electron transfers. For the beginner provides the basics: the simplest concepts, the fundamental experiments, and the underlying theories. For the specialist shows where sophisticated experimental and theoretical methods combine to offer a panorama of time-dependent molecular phenomena connected by a new rational. Chemical Kinetics goes far beyond the qualitative description: with the guidance of theory, the path becomes a reaction path that can actually be inspected and calculated. But Chemical Kinetics is more about structure and reactivity than numbers and calculations. A great emphasis in the clarity of the concepts is achieved by illustrating all the theories and mechanisms with recent examples, some of them described with sufficient detail and simplicity to be used in general chemistry and lab courses. * Looking at atoms and molecules, and how molecular structures change with time. * Providing practical examples and detailed theoretical calculations* Of special interest to Industrial Chemistry and Biochemistry
Download or read book Radiation Biophysics written by Edward L. Alpen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-10-22 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This newly revised and updated edition of Radiation Biophysics provides an in-depth description of the physics and chemistry of radiation and its effects on biological systems. Coverage begins with fundamental concepts of the physics of radiation and radioactivity, then progresses through the chemistry and biology of the interaction of radiation with living systems. The Second Edition of this highly praised text includes major revisions which reflect the rapid advances in the field. New material covers recent developments in the fields of carcinogenesis, DNA repair, molecular genetics, and the molecular biology of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The book also includes extensive discussion of the practical impact of radiation on everyday life. Covers the fundamentals of radiation physics in a manner that is understandable to students and professionals with a limited physics background Includes problem sets and exercises to aid both teachers and students Discusses radioactivity, internally deposited radionuclides, and dosimetry Analyzes the risks for occupational and non-occupational workers exposed to radiation sources
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymers written by John J. Kasianowicz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are essential to biology because they can have enough stable degrees of freedom to store the molecular code of heredity and to express the sequences needed to manufacture new molecules. Through these they perform or control virtually every function in life. Although some biopolymers are created and spend their entire career in the relatively large free space inside cells or organelles, many biopolymers must migrate through a narrow passageway to get to their targeted destination. This suggests the questions: How does confining a polymer affect its behavior and function? What does that tell us about the interactions between the monomers that comprise the polymer and the molecules that confine it? Can we design and build devices that mimic the functions of these nanoscale systems? The NATO Advanced Research Workshop brought together for four days in Bikal, Hungary over forty experts in experimental and theoretical biophysics, molecular biology, biophysical chemistry, and biochemistry interested in these questions. Their papers collected in this book provide insight on biological processes involving confinement and form a basis for new biotechnological applications using polymers. In his paper Edmund DiMarzio asks: What is so special about polymers? Why are polymers so prevalent in living things? The chemist says the reason is that a protein made of N amino acids can have any of 20 different kinds at each position along the chain, resulting in 20 N different polymers, and that the complexity of life lies in this variety.
Download or read book Combustion written by J. Warnatz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a rigorous treatment of the coupling of chemical reactions and fluid flow. Combustion-specific topics of chemistry and fluid mechanics are considered and tools described for the simulation of combustion processes. This edition is completely restructured. Mathematical Formulae and derivations as well as the space-consuming reaction mechanisms have been replaced from the text to appendix. A new chapter discusses the impact of combustion processes on the atmosphere, the chapter on auto-ignition is extended to combustion in Otto- and Diesel-engines, and the chapters on heterogeneous combustion and on soot formation are heavily revised.
Download or read book Gas Phase Chemistry in Space written by Faure Lique and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrochemistry, the study of chemistry in space, is a rapidly growing field in astrophysics. Molecules are found everywhere; from our solar system to high-redshift galaxies. Gas-Phase Chemistry in Space: From elementary particles to complex organic molecules addresses the physics and chemistry of astrophysical molecules with a focus on gas-phase processes. Edited by François Lique and Alexandre Faure, alongside a collection of experts in the field, this book introduces essential concepts that govern the formation, excitation and destruction of molecules at postgraduate and research levels. A broad range of topics are covered, including early universe chemistry and stellar nucleosynthesis, and the study of bimolecular reaction kinetics. Detailed descriptions of the gas-phase process are provided and recent examples of the interplay between observational and laboratory astrophysics are examined. Coinciding with the timely arrival of powerful new telescopes, this work examines numerous advances in astrochemistry and paves the way for these advances to be implemented in the future. More than 100 figures are used, alongside examples, providing both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Book jacket.
Download or read book Astrochemistry and Astrobiology written by Ian W. M. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-28 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrochemistry and Astrobiology is the debut volume in the new series Physical Chemistry in Action. Aimed at both the novice and experienced researcher, this volume outlines the physico-chemical principles which underpin our attempts to understand astrochemistry and predict astrobiology. An introductory chapter includes fundamental aspects of physical chemistry required for understanding the field. Eight further chapters address specific topics, encompassing basic theory and models, up-to-date research and an outlook on future work. The last chapter examines each of the topics again but addressed from a different angle. Written and edited by international experts, this text is accessible for those entering the field of astrochemistry and astrobiology, while it still remains interesting for more experienced researchers.
Download or read book Principles of Biomedical Engineering Second Edition written by Sundararajan Madihally and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated edition of an Artech House classic introduces readers to the importance of engineering in medicine. Bioelectrical phenomena, principles of mass and momentum transport to the analysis of physiological systems, the importance of mechanical analysis in biological tissues/ organs and biomaterial selection are discussed in detail. Readers learn about the concepts of using living cells in various therapeutics and diagnostics, compartmental modeling, and biomedical instrumentation. The book explores fluid mechanics, strength of materials, statics and dynamics, basic thermodynamics, electrical circuits, and material science. A significant number of numerical problems have been generated using data from recent literature and are given as examples as well as exercise problems. These problems provide an opportunity for comprehensive understanding of the basic concepts, cutting edge technologies and emerging challenges. Describing the role of engineering in medicine today, this comprehensive volume covers a wide range of the most important topics in this burgeoning field. Moreover, you find a thorough treatment of the concept of using living cells in various therapeutics and diagnostics. Structured as a complete text for students with some engineering background, the book also makes a valuable reference for professionals new to the bioengineering field. This authoritative textbook features numerous exercises and problems in each chapter to help ensure a solid understanding of the material.
Download or read book Plant Energetics written by Octavian S. Ksenzhek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-02-09 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing the physical and technological aspects of plant energetics, this comprehensive book covers a significant interdisciplinary research area for a broad range of investigators. Plant Energetics presentsthe thermodynamics of energy processes in plants, their interconnection and arrangement, and the estimation of intrinsic energy needs of the plant connected with performing various physiological functions. The book also demonstrates the role of electrical and electrochemical processes in the plants life cycle. Plant Energetics incorporates such diverse themes as thermodynamics, biophysics, and bioelectrochemistry with applications in horticulture and ecology. It also discusses the roles and mechanisms of both quantum and thermophysical processes of theconversion of solar energy by plants, including photosynthesis and long distance transport. Comprehensive details of value to basic and applied researchers dealing with photosynthesis, agriculture, horticulture, bioenergetics, biophysics, photobiology, and plant physiology make Plant Energetics an informative, one-stop resource that willsave time and energy in your search for the latest information. Plant Energetics incorporates such diverse themes as thermodynamics, biophysics, and bioelectrochemistry with applications in horticulture and ecology. It also discusses the roles and mechanisms of both quantum and thermophysical processes of the conversion of solar energy by plants, including photosynthesis and long-distance transport Extensive details of value to basic and applied researchers dealing with photosynthesis, agriculture, horticulture, bioenergetics, biophysics, photobiology, and plant physiology make Plant Energetics an informative, one-stop resource that will save you time and energy in your search for the latest information
