Download or read book On site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC NPD written by Alan Dole Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On Site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC NPD Feasibility Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An on-site method has been developed for estimating concentrations of TNT, RDX, 2,4-DNT, and the two most commonly encountered environmental transformation products of TNT, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, in soil and groundwater using gas chromatography and the nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). Soil samples (20 g) are extracted by shaking with 20 mL of acetone, and extracts are filtered through a Millex SR (0.5-micrometers) filter. Groundwater samples (1 L) were passed through SDB-RPS extraction disks that were subsequently extracted with 5 mL of acetone. A 1-micro-L volume of a soil or water extract is manually injected into a field-transportable gas chromatograph equipped with a NPD and a heated injection port. Separations are conducted on a Restek Crossbond 100% dimethyl polysiloxane column, 6 m x 0.53-mm i.d., 1.5 mm, using nitrogen carrier gas at 9.5 mL/min. Retention times range from 3.0 min. for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) to 5.6 min. for 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene. Method detection limits were less than 0.16 mg/kg for soil and less than 1.0 microgram/L for groundwater. One of the major advantages of this method, over currently available colorimetric and enzyme immunoassay on-site methods, is the ability to quantify individual target analytes that often coexist in soils and groundwater contaminated with explosive residues. This method will be particularly useful at military antitank firing ranges where it is necessary to quantify residual concentrations of RDX in the presence of high concentrations of HMX, and when the transformation products of TNT need to be identified.

Download or read book Field Gas Chromatography thermionic Detector System for On site Determination of Explosives in Soils written by Alan Dole Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On-site determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives compounds in soils was performed using a field-portable gas chromatograph (GC)equipped with a thermionic ionization detector (TID)selective for compounds with nitro functional groups. Soil samples were extracted with acetone. A 1 microliter volume of the filtered soil extract was manually injected into the GC, allowing for the rapid qualification and quantification of the suite of explosives that often coexist in soils at military training facilities and other defense-related sites. Good agreement was established for the concentrations of several explosives analytes when this method of analysis was compared to either high-performance liquid chromatography (Method 8330)or GC electron capture (Method 8095)analysis. Comparisons were performed for sample extracts and for soil subsample replicates distributed for on-site preparation and analysis during a field verification test performed under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)Program.

Download or read book Analytical Separation Science 5 Volume Set written by Jared Anderson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-29 with total page 2148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endlich ein Forschungsleitfaden für Wissenschaftler des Fachgebiets, die neue Methoden entwickeln oder einsetzen. Dieses Handbuch umfasst fünf thematische Bände und bietet damit einen umfassenden Überblick über das Fachgebiet. Erläutert werden Grundlagen, die Methodenentwicklung und hochkarätige Anwendungen für alle wichtigen Analyseverfahren, darunter chromatische Verfahren, Techniken in den Bereichen Elektromigration und Membranen. Dieses Referenzwerk umfasst ein breites Spektrum und legt den Schwerpunkt auf Entwicklungen für die Zukunft. Damit ist es ein Muss für Forscher und eine wertvolle Wissensquelle für Studenten im Hauptstudium und Studienabsolventen.

Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-03-23 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC ECD Comparison with HPLC written by Marianne E. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analytical method for the determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives and Co-contaminants in water was developed based on SPE (solid-phase extraction) and GC-ECD (gas chromatograph-electron capture detector). Water samples are preconcentrated using either cartridge or membrane SPE followed by elution with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is compatible with both liquid and gas chromatography, thereby allowing direct comparison of concentration estimates obtained by different methods of determination. Quantitative GC analyses were obtained by using deactivated direct-injection-port liners, short wide-bore capillary columns. and high linear carrier gas velocities. Recoveries from spiked samples were 90% or greater for each of the nitroaromatics and nitrate esters, and greater than 70% for nitramines and amino-nitrotoluenes. Estimates of analyte concentrations in well-water extracts from military sites in the United States and Canada analyzed by GC-ECD and the standard HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method showed good agreement for the analytes most frequently detected (HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene). The GC method provides lower method detection limits for most analytes than HPLC, but accurate calibration is more difficult. The ultraviolet (UV) detector used for the HPLC analysis has much greater linear range than the ECD used for GC analysis. In addition. the GC instrumentation requires more care than the LC. Specifically the injection port liner must be changed frequently to maintain accurate determination of the nitramines. Because the sample preparation technique yields extracts that are compatible with both GC and HPLC analysis, confirmation of analyte presence can be obtained based on different physical properties.

Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.

Download or read book The Analysis of Explosives written by Jehuda Yinon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Analysis of Explosives surveys the principles of the various analytical methods, describes how these methods are used for the analysis of explosives, and reviews the major analytical work carried out in this field. Organized into 15 chapters, this book begins with the classification of explosives. Subsequent chapters discuss the different methods for the analysis of explosives. The detection and identification of explosive residues and hidden explosives are also explained. This monograph will be useful as a reference book for chemists in analytical and forensic laboratories, as well as a textbook for graduate students in analytical chemistry and forensic sciences.

Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC ECD Comparison with HPLC written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analytical method for the determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives and Co-contaminants in water was developed based on SPE (solid-phase extraction) and GC-ECD (gas chromatograph-electron capture detector). Water samples are preconcentrated using either cartridge or membrane SPE followed by elution with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is compatible with both liquid and gas chromatography, thereby allowing direct comparison of concentration estimates obtained by different methods of determination. Quantitative GC analyses were obtained by using deactivated direct-injection-port liners, short wide-bore capillary columns. and high linear carrier gas velocities. Recoveries from spiked samples were 90% or greater for each of the nitroaromatics and nitrate esters, and greater than 70% for nitramines and amino-nitrotoluenes. Estimates of analyte concentrations in well-water extracts from military sites in the United States and Canada analyzed by GC-ECD and the standard HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method showed good agreement for the analytes most frequently detected (HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene). The GC method provides lower method detection limits for most analytes than HPLC, but accurate calibration is more difficult. The ultraviolet (UV) detector used for the HPLC analysis has much greater linear range than the ECD used for GC analysis. In addition. the GC instrumentation requires more care than the LC. Specifically the injection port liner must be changed frequently to maintain accurate determination of the nitramines. Because the sample preparation technique yields extracts that are compatible with both GC and HPLC analysis, confirmation of analyte presence can be obtained based on different physical properties.

Download or read book Composition and Mass Spectra of Impurities in Military Grade TNT Vapor written by R. P. Murrmann and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for 1 3 dinitrobenzene and 1 3 5 trinitrobenzene written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction written by Janusz Pawliszyn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. - Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps - Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process - Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for RDX written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modern Methods and Applications in Analysis of Explosives written by Jehuda Yinon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-08-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date handbook, with the latest advances including all the various methods and techniques for analyzing explosives. Explosive compounds and mixtures, residues--their recovery and clean-up procedures--chromatography, polarography, spectroscopy, environmental analysis and mass spectroscopy are among the topics covered.

Download or read book Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives written by Jim C. Spain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-14 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with practical applications and research, Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives presents an international perspective on environmental contamination from explosives. It covers biodegradation strategies for DNT and a wide variety of other nitroaromatic compounds of environmental significance and makes the information access

Download or read book Solid Phase Microextraction written by Sue Ann Wercinski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-07-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An explanation of proven methods of chemical analysis, focusing on the myriad applications of solid phase microextraction (SPME) to laboratories performing high-sample throughput, quick sample turnaround time, low detection levels, and dirty sample matrices. It supplies commentary on developments in SPME technology from its inventor, Janusz Pawliszyn.