Download or read book On Sex ratio and Sibling Competition written by Thomas Merkling and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During a breeding event, parents face several decisions that may impact their fitness. In this thesis, I have been interested in sex-ratio and sibling competition patterns in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). First, I showed that parents in poorer condition overproduced daughters, which seems to be due to their lower reproductive cost and, possibly, to their higher fitness return for parents as compared to sons. Then, my results suggested that the natural magnitude of hatching asynchrony minimised the costs for parents and younger siblings, while older siblings seemed to be stressed by their dominant position. Finally, mothers favoured their younger chick's competitiveness only when in conflict over brood reduction with their older chick. This thesis thus highlighted some means through which parents could maximise benefits or reduce costs associated with their reproduction.
Download or read book The Evolution of Sibling Rivalry written by Douglas W. Mock and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main tenets of evolutionary biology is that organisms behave so as to maximize the number of their genes that will be passed on to future generations. Parents often produce more offspring than they can rear in case special opportunities or calamities occur. This frequently leads to deprivations and even death of some offspring. This book is about the evolutionary diversity, importance, and consequences of such squeezes. The authors, experts in their field, review the theory, field experiments, and natural history of sibling rivalry across a broad sweep of organisms, in a clear and accessible style that should appeal to both academics and natural historians.
Download or read book Choosing Sexes written by Kristen J. Navara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is extensive evidence that vertebrates of all classes have the ability to control the sexes of the offspring they produce. Despite dramatic differences in the mechanisms by which different taxa determine the initial sex of offspring, each group has found its own way of adjusting offspring sex ratios in response to social and environmental cues. For example, stress is a well-known modulator of offspring sex in members of all groups studied to date. Food availability, and limitation in particular, is another common cue that stimulates biases in offspring sex ratios in a wide variety of species. Offspring sex can be adjusted at the primary level, which occurs prior to conception, or at the secondary level, during embryonic development. While the mechanistic pathways that ultimately result in sex ratio biases and the developmental time-points sensitive to those mechanisms likely differ among taxa, the key involvement of steroid hormones in the process of sex ratio adjustment appears to be pervasive throughout. This book reviews the systems of sex determination at play in different vertebrate groups, summarizes the evidence that members of all vertebrate taxa can facultatively adjust offspring sex, and discusses when and how these adjustments can take place.
Download or read book The Evolution of Parental Care written by Nick J. Royle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parental care includes a wide variety of traits that enhance offspring development and survival. This novel book provides a fresh perspective on the current state of the study of the evolution of parental care, written by some of the top researchers in the field, and taking a broad taxonomic approach.
Download or read book Understanding Sibling Rivalry The Brazelton Way written by T. Berry Brazelton and published by Da Capo Lifelong Books. This book was released on 2005-04-13 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides information for parents on ways to defuse bickering among siblings and help them build stronger relationships.
Download or read book Parasitoids written by H. Charles J. Godfray and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parasitoids lay their eggs on or in the bodies of other species of insect, and the parasitoid larvae develop by feeding on the host, causing its eventual death. Known for a long time to applied biologists for their importance in regulating the population densities of economic pests, parasitoids have recently proven to be valuable tools in testing many aspects of evolutionary theory. This book synthesizes the work of both schools of parasitoid biology and asks how a consideration of evolutionary biology can help us understand the behavior, ecology, and diversity of the approximately one to two million species of parasitoid found on earth. After a general introduction to parasitoid natural history and taxonomy, the first part of the book treats the different components of the reproductive strategy of parasitoids: searching for a host, host selection, clutch size, and the sex ratio. Subsequent chapters discuss pathogens and non-Mendelian genetic elements that affect sexual reproduction; evolutionary aspects of the physiological interactions between parasitoid and host; mating strategies; life history theory and community ecology. A special effort is made to discuss the theoretical background to the subject, but without the use of mathematics.
Download or read book Sex Allocation written by Stuart West and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decades have witnessed an explosion of theoretical and empirical studies of sex allocation, transforming how we understand the allocation of resources to male and female reproduction in vertebrates, invertebrates, protozoa, and plants. In this landmark book, Stuart West synthesizes the vast literature on sex allocation, providing the conceptual framework the field has been lacking and demonstrating how sex-allocation studies can shed light on broader questions in evolutionary and behavioral biology. West clarifies fundamental misconceptions in the application of theory to empirical data. He examines the field's successes and failures, and describes the research areas where much important work is yet to be done. West reveals how a shared underlying theoretical framework unites findings of sex-ratio variation across a huge range of life forms, from malarial parasites and hermaphroditic worms to sex-changing fish and mammals. He shows how research on sex allocation has been central to many critical questions and controversies in evolutionary and behavioral biology, and he argues that sex-allocation research serves as a key testing ground for different theoretical approaches and can help resolve debates about social evolution, parent-offspring conflict, genomic conflict, and levels of selection. Certain to become the defining book on the subject for the next generation of researchers, Sex Allocation explains why the study of sex allocation provides an ideal model system for advancing our understanding of the constraints on adaptation among all living things in the natural world.
Download or read book An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology written by Nicholas B. Davies and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-09 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preceded by: An introduction to behavioural ecology / J.R. Krebs, N.B. Davies. 3rd ed. c1993.
Download or read book Advances in the Study of Behavior written by H. Jane Brockmann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-07-29 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the Study of Behavior was initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior. That number is still expanding. This volume makes another important "contribution to the development of the field" by presenting theoretical ideas and research to those studying animal behavior and to their colleagues in neighboring fields. Advances in the Study of Behavior is now available online at ScienceDirect — full-text online from volume 30 onward.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Evolution Biology and Society written by Dr. Rosemary Hopcroft and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution, biology, and society is a catch-all phrase encompassing any scholarly work that utilizes evolutionary theory and/or biological or behavioral genetic methods in the study of the human social group, and The Oxford Handbook of Evolution, Biology, and Society contains an much needed overview of research in the area by sociologists and other social scientists. The examined topics cover a wide variety of issues, including the origins of social solidarity; religious beliefs; sex differences; gender inequality; determinants of human happiness; the nature of social stratification and inequality and its effects; identity, status, and other group processes; race, ethnicity, and race discrimination; fertility and family processes; crime and deviance; and cultural and social change. The scholars whose work is presented in this volume come from a variety of disciplines in addition to sociology, including psychology, political science, and criminology. Yet, as the essays in this volume demonstrate, the potential of theory and methods from biology for illuminating social phenomena is clear, and sociologists stand to gain from learning more about them and using them in their own work. The theory focuses on evolution by natural selection, the primary paradigm of the biological sciences, while the methods include the statistical analyses sociologists are familiar with, as well as other methods that they may not be familiar with, such as behavioral genetic methods, methods for including genetic factors in statistical analyses, gene-wide association studies, candidate gene studies, and methods for testing levels of hormones and other biochemicals in blood and saliva and including these factors in analyses. This work will be of interest to any sociologist with an interest in exploring the interaction of biological and sociological processes. As an introduction to the field it is useful for teaching upper-level or graduate students in sociology or a related social science.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and Competition written by Maryanne Fisher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Women and Competition is one of the first scholarly volumes to focus specifically on competition and the competitive forces between women. Chapters provide readers with a definitive view of the current state of research, and collectively address the adaptive and socio-cultural foundations of women's competitive behavior, motivations, and cognitions.
Download or read book Animal Behaviour written by Peter M. Kappeler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-26 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook presents all basic principles of animal behaviour in a clear and concise manner and illustrates them with up-to-date examples. Emphasis is placed on behavioural biology as an integrative discipline of organismic biology, focusing on the adaptive value of behaviours that facilitate resource access, predator avoidance and reproductive success and underlie parental care, all within a comprehensive presentation of social complexity. This new textbook provides a rich resource for students (and teachers) from a wide range of life science disciplines.
Download or read book Sexual Selection in Primates written by Peter M. Kappeler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-05-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual Selection in Primates provides an account of all aspects of sexual selection in primates, combining theoretical insights, comprehensive reviews of the primate literature and comparative perspectives from relevant work on other mammals, birds and humans. Topics include sex roles, sexual dimorphism in weapons, ornaments and armaments, sex ratios, sex differences in behaviour and development, mate choice, sexual conflict, sex-specific life history strategies, sperm competition and infanticide. The outcome of the evolutionary struggle between the sexes, the flexibility of roles and the leverage of females are discussed and emphasised throughout. Sexual Selection in Primates is aimed at graduates and researchers in primatology, animal behaviour, evolutionary biology and comparative psychology.
Download or read book Advances in the Study of Behavior written by Marc Naguib and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Advances in the Study of Behavior was initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior. That number is still expanding. This thematic volume makes another important "contribution to the development of the field" bybringing together material that aggregates studies conducted on the behavior of tropical animals. Advances in the Study of Behavior is now available online at ScienceDirect - full-text online from volume 30 onward
Download or read book Evolution s Empress written by Maryanne L. Fisher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, there has been increasing debate as to whether feminism and evolutionary psychology can co-exist. Such debates often conclude with a resounding "no," often on the grounds that the former is a political movement while the latter is a field of scientific inquiry. In the midst of these debates, there has been growing dissatisfaction within the field of evolutionary psychology about the way the discipline (and others) have repeatedly shown women to be in passive roles when it comes to survival and reproduction. Evolutionary behavioral research has made significant strides in the past few decades, but continues to take for granted many theoretical assumption that are perhaps, in light of the most recent evidence, misguided. As a result, the research community has missed important areas of research, and in some cases, will likely come to inaccurate conclusions based on existing dogma, rather than rigorous, theoretically driven research. Bias in the field of evolutionary psychology echoes the complaints against the political movement attached to academic feminisms. This is an intellectual squabble where much is at stake, including a fundamental understanding of the evolutionary significance of women's roles in culture, mothering, reproductive health and physiology, mating, female alliances, female aggression, and female intrasexual competition. Evolution's Empress identifies women as active agents within the evolutionary process. The chapters in this volume focus on topics as diverse as female social interactions, mate competition and mating strategies, motherhood, women's health, sex differences in communication and motivation, sex discrimination, and women in literature. The volume editors bring together a diverse range of perspectives to demonstrate ways in which evolutionary approaches to human behavior have thus far been too limited. By reconsidering the role of women in evolution, this volume furthers the goal of generating dialogue between the realms of women's studies and evolutionary psychology.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Creativity written by Steven R. Pritzker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-08-09 with total page 1698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Creativity is the sourcebook for individuals seeking specialized information about creativity and motivation. Subjects include theories of creativity, techniques for enhancing creativity, individuals who have made significant contributions to creativity, physiological aspects of creativity, and virtually any topic that touches upon the subject. Entries are placed in alphabetical order with cross-references to other topics and entries where appropriate. Each entry is written in simple easy-to-understand terms summarizing the most important aspects of creative research and writing relating to the specific topic. A bibliography in the back of each article suggests additional sources for more information. The text is visually enhanced throughout by illustrations and photographs. A source-book of specialized information about creativity and motivation Includes virtually any topic dealing with creativity Entries are placed in alphabetical order with cross-references Written in easy-to-understand terms Illustrations and photographs throughout Contains select biographies of internationally renowned creative individuals from throughout history
Download or read book The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology written by David M. Buss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-07-15 with total page 1057 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The foundations of practice and the most recent discoveries intheintriguing newfield of evolutionary psychology Why is the mind designed the way it is? How does input from theenvironment interact with the mind to produce behavior? By takingaim at such questions, the science of evolutionary psychology hasemerged as a vibrant new discipline producing groundbreakinginsights. In The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology,leading contributors discuss the foundations of the field as wellas recent discoveries currently shaping this burgeoning area ofpsychology. Guided by an editorial board made up of such luminaries as LedaCosmides, John Tooby, Don Symons, Steve Pinker, Martin Daly, MargoWilson, and Helena Cronin, the text's chapters delve into acomprehensive range of topics, covering the full range of thediscipline: Foundations of evolutionary psychology Survival Mating Parenting and kinship Group living Interfaces with traditional disciplines of evolutionarypsychology And interfaces across disciplines. In addition to an in-depth survey of the theory and practice ofevolutionary psychology, the text also features an enlighteningdiscussion of this discipline in the context of the law, medicine,and culture. An Afterword by Richard Dawkins provides some finalthoughts from the renowned writer and exponent of evolutionarytheory. Designed to set the standard for handbooks in the field,The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology is an indispensablereference tool for every evolutionary psychologist and student.
