Download or read book On phenotypic plasticity in Plantago lanceolata written by Arjen van Hinsberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Genetics of Thermal Plasticity in Plantago Lanceolata written by Matthew Michael Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Phenotypic plasticity, an individual's phenotypic response to environmental change, is a fundamental characteristic of all life on earth. Phenotypic plasticity plays a central role in adaptation, phenotypic differentiation, and speciation. Temperature-sensitive phenotypic plasticity, i.e. thermal plasticity, often increases with latitude, suggesting an increasingly adaptive role of thermal plasticity in predominantly cool, thermally variable environments. Whereas the hypothesis is reasonable, it has not been thoroughly tested. Demonstrating local adaptation of thermal plasticity requires showing that: 1) thermal plasticity increases fitness in high latitude environments, 2) clinal variation arises from natural selection, and not by chance alone, 3) differences in thermal plasticity persist in the presence of gene flow, 4) thermal plasticity is inherited from parents to offspring, 5) thermal plasticity varies genetically along a latitudinal gradient, and 6) thermal plasticity is a derived phylogenetic character. Today, little is known about the genetic properties of thermal plasticity. I took advantage of natural geographic variation in a widespread perennial herb, Plantago lanceolata to improve our understanding of adaptation along latitudinal clines by examining the genetic features of thermal plasticity. With genetic data I address the questions: 1) Is clinal variation in thermal plasticity best explained by natural selection driven by environmental differences among populations, neutral genetic evolution, or both? 2) What is the genetic architecture of thermal plasticity and single-environment trait variation, and how are they related? 3) Do genetic properties of thermal plasticity mirror phenotypic patterns along a latitudinal gradient? Among 14 European populations of Plantago lanceolata, I estimated differentiation in temperature-sensitive floral reflectance plasticity (QST/PST), neutral genetic differentiation (FST & Jost's D) of AFLP markers, and between-population differences in aspects of the reproductive environment. I used phenotypic QST (PST) vs. FST comparisons to investigate the evolutionary forces responsible for geographic patterns of thermal plasticity, and to determine if differences brought about by neutral evolutionary forces are sufficient to explain these patterns. My data supported the hypothesis that natural selection, driven by environmental properties of the reproductive season, particularly the duration and proportion of time at cool temperatures, has contributed to geographic patterns of thermal plasticity. As between-population differences in these environmental variables increased, differences in thermal plasticity increased more quickly than did neutral genetic differences. To determine the genetic architecture of thermal plasticity I produced an F2 mapping family from parents derived from distant northern and southern European populations that exhibited high (northern parents) and low (southern parents) thermal plasticities of floral reflectance. I then grew parents and offspring in two environments (cool and warm) mimicking what plants would encounter in nature. I attained genetic markers via genotype-by-sequencing (ddRADseq), produced a recombination map and performed QTL mapping of thermal plasticity and single-environment trait values for six traits: floral reflectance, flowering time, rosette diameter, leaf length, leaf fresh mass, and leaf area. My data provide critical genetic support for the hypothesis that temperature-sensitive floral reflectance plasticity in P. lanceolata is adaptive in high latitude environments where growing seasons are cool and short. My data confirm that thermal plasticity in P. lanceolata has a genetic basis as I found one single QTL underlying the thermal plasticities of three traits, floral reflectance, flowering time and leaf length. Floral reflectance plasticity and flowering time plasticity QTLs colocalized with, and shared phenotypic effects with corresponding single environment QTLs. The leaf length plasticity QTL did not colocalize with any single-environment QTLs, and was influenced by cytoplasm. I did not find evidence that plasticity QTLs of different traits were pleiotropic. Additionally, genotypic differences at plasticity QTLs paralleled patterns of plasticity along latitudinal clines. At plasticity QTLs, northern genotypes (Danish and Swedish) increased the magnitude of thermal plasticity, while southern genotypes (French and Italian) decreased plasticity."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Download or read book Plantago A Multidisciplinary Study written by Pieter J.C. Kuiper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results, published in this book, present the outcome of a cooperative research between plant ecologists, physiologists and population geneticists. The project received generous financial support from the Foundation for Bio logical Research, which is subsidized by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. During the course of the Project the value of the in tegrative approach on a limited number of Plantago species and populations became evident and it was decided that the results should be published as a book. The start of the preparation of the "plantago" book was done by Dr. P. J. M. van der Aart and Dr. H. Lambers but due to their appointment as full professor of the University of Utrecht they were both unable to continue. We are greatly indebted to Van der Aart and Lambers for the groundwork they have laid. The book presents a sample of results obtained over a period of more than 10 years. Research on Plantago is still continuing, as evident from a number of publications and doctoral theses. We want to thank the authors for their pa tience and assistance to complete the job. The editorial assistance of Mrs. I. Cameron-Doornbos was extremely valuable, as well as the help of Mr. E. Leeuwinga und Mrs. N. Tolmeijer with the drawings and the help of Mrs. T. E. Stuit with the list of references.
Download or read book The Role of Phenotypic Plasticity in the Colonization of Novel Environments written by Freddy O. Herrera and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biological invasions have been argued to be facilitated by phenotypic plasticity. Although experiments have shown plasticity can be adaptive, our current understanding is limited to comparative studies that measure plasticity between invasive and non-invasive species or populations. Because plasticity in a trait is a property of a genotype, a more effective test would measure the fitness effects of genotypes that vary in plasticity. I used this approach to conduct an experiment using native European Plantago lanceolata genotypes that expressed plasticity in multiple reproductive traits. I transplanted these genotypes into two novel environments that differ in thermal regime during the reproductive season and measured the fitness effects of plasticity and source latitude. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that plasticity improves reproductive success in novel environments. However, the fitness effects of plasticity varied by trait, and environment. Phenotypic-selection analyses showed evidence of stabilizing selection for onset plasticity and directional selection favoring plasticity in stalk length and spike length. Results also provided evidence that source latitude and plasticity affect reproductive success independently of each other and that the effects differ between reproductive years. Phenotypic-selection analyses showed evidence that as source latitude increased, reproductive success increased in the short and cool environment but only in 2012. My results suggest that the role of plasticity should be examined in multiple vegetative and reproductive traits."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Download or read book Ecology of Plantago Major L at Damietta Egypt written by Mahitab M. El- Ramal and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is concerning the ecology of Plantago major L. including the distribution, associated plant species, phenotypic plasticity and chemical composition in twenty sites at Damietta, Egypt. Plantago major has a wide ecological amplitude, it grown in soil with a wide range of salinity and nutrients. This weed is forced to show a considerable phenotypic plasticity. The obtained results will be useful for the optimum management of this medicinal weed.
Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Light Regimes in Smilacina Stellata Liliaceae from Three Wetland Habitats written by Anne W. Stork and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Functioning of Plant Populations 2 written by J. Haeck and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1985 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenotypic variation and implications for reproductive success; Ecophysiological adaptation, plastic responses, and genetic variation of annuals, biennials and perennials in woodland clearings; Comparison of dactylis glomerata and bromus erectus populations from contrasted successional stages; Differences in population biology within the lathyrus sylvestris group (Leguminosae: papilionaceae); Seed dimorplism for dispersal: theory and implications; Temporal and spatial dynamics in populations of biennials plants; Life-history variation and the demography of plant populations; Phenotypic variation of Rhinanthus angustifolius C.C. Gmelin in a succession series; Aspects of the ecological genetics of pasture species.
Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity written by Thomas J. DeWitt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-15 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenotypic plasticity is the range and process of variation in body plan and physiology. This book pulls together recent theoretical advances in phenotypic plasticity, as influenced by evolution and development. The editors and the chapter authors are among the leaders of this exciting and active subfield. The volume begins with a primer on the basic principles of the subject, and companion chapters on phenotypic plasticity in plants and animals. Of interest to a wide range of researchers on evolution, development, and their interface.
Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity written by Massimo Pigliucci and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2001-08-17 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The author begins by defining phenotypic plasticity and detailing its history, including important experiments and methods of statistical and graphical analysis. He then provides extended examples and discussion of the molecular basis of plasticity, the plasticity of development, the ecology of plastic responses, and the role of costs and constraints in the evolution of plasticity. A brief epilogue looks at how plasticity studies shed light on the nature/nurture debate in the popular media.".
Download or read book Structural and Functional Aspects of Transport in Roots written by B.C. Loughman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Third International Symposium on `Structure and Function of Roots', NITRA, Czechoslovakia, August 3-7, 1987
Download or read book Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation written by Russell Lande and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Demographic and environmental stochasticity -- 2. Extinction dynamics -- 3. Age structure -- 4. Spatial structure -- 5. Population viability analysis -- 6. Sustainable harvesting -- 7. Species diversity -- 8. Community dynamics.
Download or read book Insect Phenotypic Plasticity written by T N Ananthakrishnan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-01-08 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Volume I of Insect Phenotypic Plasticity, the plasticity inherent in insects is documented. Phenotypically plastic traits include morphological, behavioral, and physiological characteristics. These environmentally induced differences can serve as the raw products upon which natural selection acts. Phenotypic plasticity in short deserves increase
Download or read book Advances in Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity written by Thomas J. DeWitt and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic, evolution, adaptation, environment, genotype.
Download or read book Developmental Plasticity and Evolution written by Mary Jane West-Eberhard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-13 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive synthesis on development and evolution: it applies to all aspects of development, at all levels of organization and in all organisms, taking advantage of modern findings on behavior, genetics, endocrinology, molecular biology, evolutionary theory and phylogenetics to show the connections between developmental mechanisms and evolutionary change. This book solves key problems that have impeded a definitive synthesis in the past. It uses new concepts and specific examples to show how to relate environmentally sensitive development to the genetic theory of adaptive evolution and to explain major patterns of change. In this book development includes not only embryology and the ontogeny of morphology, sometimes portrayed inadequately as governed by "regulatory genes," but also behavioral development and physiological adaptation, where plasticity is mediated by genetically complex mechanisms like hormones and learning. The book shows how the universal qualities of phenotypes--modular organization and plasticity--facilitate both integration and change. Here you will learn why it is wrong to describe organisms as genetically programmed; why environmental induction is likely to be more important in evolution than random mutation; and why it is crucial to consider both selection and developmental mechanism in explanations of adaptive evolution. This book satisfies the need for a truly general book on development, plasticity and evolution that applies to living organisms in all of their life stages and environments. Using an immense compendium of examples on many kinds of organisms, from viruses and bacteria to higher plants and animals, it shows how the phenotype is reorganized during evolution to produce novelties, and how alternative phenotypes occupy a pivotal role as a phase of evolution that fosters diversification and speeds change. The arguments of this book call for a new view of the major themes of evolutionary biology, as shown in chapters on gradualism, homology, environmental induction, speciation, radiation, macroevolution, punctuation, and the maintenance of sex. No other treatment of development and evolution since Darwin's offers such a comprehensive and critical discussion of the relevant issues. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution is designed for biologists interested in the development and evolution of behavior, life-history patterns, ecology, physiology, morphology and speciation. It will also appeal to evolutionary paleontologists, anthropologists, psychologists, and teachers of general biology.
Download or read book Phenotypic Integration written by Massimo Pigliucci and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interface of evolution and development has attracted the attention of evolutionary and developmental biologists, geneticists, and organismal biologists. Pigliucci (ecology, evolutionary biology, University of Tennessee) and Preston (botany, Standford University) bring together work by experts in the field of phenotype integration, shedding ligh.
Download or read book The Nature of Plant Communities written by J. Bastow Wilson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review of the role of species interactions in the process of plant community assembly.
