Download or read book Omnidirectional Inductive Powering for Biomedical Implants written by Bert Lenaerts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Omnidirectional Inductive Powering for Biomedical Implants investigates the feasibility of inductive powering for capsule endoscopy and freely moving systems in general. The main challenge is the random position and orientation of the power receiving system with respect to the emitting magnetic field. Where classic inductive powering assumes a predictable or fixed alignment of the respective coils, the remote system is now free to adopt just any orientation while still maintaining full power capabilities. Before elaborating on different approaches towards omnidirectional powering, the design and optimisation of a general inductive power link is discussed in all its aspects. Special attention is paid to the interaction of the inductive power link with the patient’s body. Putting theory into practice, the implementation of an inductive power link for a capsule endoscope is included in a separate chapter.

Download or read book Inductive Powering written by Koenraad van Schuylenbergh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-31 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inductive powering has been a reliable and simple method for many years to wirelessly power devices over relatively short distances, from a few centimetres to a few feet. Examples are found in biomedical applications, such as cochlear implants; in RFID, such as smart cards for building access control; and in consumer devices, such as electrical toothbrushes. Device sizes shrunk considerably the past decades, demanding accurate design tools to obtain reliable link operation in demanding environments. With smaller coil sizes, the link efficiency drops dramatically to a point where the commonly used calculation methods become invalid. Inductive Powering: Basic Theory and Application to Biomedical Systems lists all design equations and topology alternatives to successfully build an inductive power and data link for your specific application. It also contains practical guidelines to expand the external driver with a servomechanism that automatically tunes itself to varying coupling and load conditions.

Download or read book Antenna Systems written by Hussain Al-Rizzo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-date and comprehensive review of modern antenna systems and their applications in the fields of contemporary wireless systems. It constitutes a useful resource of new material, including stochastic versus ray tracing wireless channel modeling for 5G and V2X applications and implantable devices. Chapters discuss modern metalens antennas in microwaves, terahertz, and optical domain. Moreover, the book presents new material on antenna arrays for 5G massive MIMO beamforming. Finally, it discusses new methods, devices, and technologies to enhance the performance of antenna systems.

Download or read book Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems written by Madhu Bhaskaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, people have searched for ways to harvest energy from natural sources. Lately, a desire to address the issue of global warming and climate change has popularized solar or photovoltaic technology, while piezoelectric technology is being developed to power handheld devices without batteries, and thermoelectric technology is being explored to convert wasted heat, such as in automobile engine combustion, into electricity. Featuring contributions from international researchers in both academics and industry, Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems explains the growing field of energy harvesting from a materials and device perspective, with resulting technologies capable of enabling low-power implantable sensors or a large-scale electrical grid. In addition to the design, implementation, and components of energy-efficient electronics, the book covers current advances in energy-harvesting materials and technology, including: High-efficiency solar technologies with lower cost than existing silicon-based photovoltaics Novel piezoelectric technologies utilizing mechanical energy from vibrations and pressure The ability to harness thermal energy and temperature profiles with thermoelectric materials Whether you’re a practicing engineer, academician, graduate student, or entrepreneur looking to invest in energy-harvesting devices, this book is your complete guide to fundamental materials and applied microsystems for energy harvesting.

Download or read book Development of a Wirelessly Powered Smart Implant to Monitor Spinal Fusion written by Nicole (Negar) Zoka and published by The University of Auckland. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lumbar spinal fusion surgery is performed on patients in whom non-operative treatments have failed to relieve chronic lower back pain (LBP) and restore functionality. The procedure involves inserting titanium alloy rods adjacent to two or more vertebrae on each side of the spine to support spinal fusion. Currently, clinicians rely upon periodic x-ray radiographic images to track fusion progress and determine whether patients can resume normal activities or to assess if the fusion has failed. However, the reliability of imaging evaluation techniques is questionable and leads to either very conservative (and prolonged) restrictions on activity or additional exploratory surgeries. The definitive criteria for a successful fusion remain ambiguous, and determining the progress of spinal fusion remains a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons and clinicians. Observing strain variations on a spinal fusion rod post-implantation has been demonstrated to correlate with changes in bony mass stiffness as fusion progresses, indicating the state of fusion. The challenge with strain measurements relates to having a reliable implant which aligns with existing clinical workflows and provides new data on the state of healing. If the existing titanium alloy rod could be made "smart", i.e. the strain measurement capabilities are embedded into the rod, then the existing clinical, surgical workflow could be maintained. This research focuses on the design and development of a smart spinal fusion implant with the potential to measure strain without complication in the surgical procedure. To meet this aim, two key research questions were addressed. First, a fully implantable wireless spinal rod was developed to support animal trials of spinal fusion. The implant was constructed by mounting a semiconductor strain gauge sensor into a housing machined into a custom spinal rod. A miniaturised electronic module was developed to measure the strain and transmit the data to an external wireless receiver. The module consisted of a strain gauge signal conditioning which was controlled by a microcontroller, and a custom wireless power and data transfer application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed previously at the Auckland Bioengineering Institute (ABI). The electronics module was mounted into the housing, and a printed circuit board (PCB) coil was placed on top of it. This was sealed under a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) lid. Wireless power was transferred to the implant from an external coil at 6.78MHz for 980ms, over which 10 samples of strain were measured. The data was then transmitted using phase-shift keying at a data rate of 678kbps at 6.78MHz. Data was received at an external coil, demodulated and logged to a computer with a measurement cycle taking one second. The implant was characterised on a test rig, and it was confirmed that the 24-bit strain values could be wirelessly measured using the smart spinal implant designed to achieve 1με resolution. This showed that the device was ready for animal trials to quantify strain as fusion occurs in a sheep model. Second, to make the implant clinically relevant, it would be preferable to replace the LCP lid with titanium. LCP is an appropriate seal for animal trials with a lifespan of around several months before water permeates through it, and the device becomes unreliable. Titanium can be welded to the rod to achieve a hermetic seal (gas-tight) with a lifespan of many years, which leads to a smaller device and eases reliable manufacturing as welding is possible. However, this would require transferring inductive power through the conductive titanium lid, which has not been achieved in a spinal implant. Thus, inductive power transfer through metal sheets was investigated via a combination of numerical and experimental tests. A simple test set-up based on hand-wound, cylindrical 10-turn primary (inner radius of 30mm) and 10-turn secondary coils (inner radius of 5mm) was created into which metal sheets could be introduced to allow study their impact on wireless power transfer. The equivalent 2D axisymmetric FEM models were developed to analyse inductive link principles and validate experimental studies. The hand-wound coils were also used to investigate the impact of a titanium enclosure on IWPT system parameters through both simulations and experiments. The simulation results matched experimental results reasonably well, validating the approach; thus, in the future, the validated FEM simulations could be used to investigate power transfer to a miniaturised titanium-packaged smart spinal fusion implant. The impact of the titanium spinal fusion implant, consisting of a titanium spinal rod, housing, and lid, on an IWPT system and an optimum frequency for maximum power transfer was determined. The maximum transferred power was dependent on the titanium alloy, lid thickness, implant size, implant coil location, frequency of power transmission, magnitude of the primary field, and primary and secondary coils dimensions and configurations. FEM simulation results revealed that a maximum power of 1.84mW, at 1A primary current and an operating frequency of approximately 400kHz, could be transferred through a 110μm-thick Grade-5 titanium lid used to seal a 5.5mm-thick, 50mm-long Grade-5 titanium rod, and 0.5m-thick, Grade-5 housing with an internal volume of 18 x 8 x 5mm (L x W x H) for this spinal fusion application. The maximum link potential of 0.035 at 199kHz could be achieved for the same set-up. These results indicated that an acceptable amount of power could be transferred through titanium to power the implanted electronics, supporting the future development of titanium packaged smart spinal fusion rods. This research supports the hypothesis that it is feasible to construct a smart spinal fusion implant that includes the function of measuring strain, can ultimately be employed in clinical practices of spinal fusion, detection of the onset of fusion, non-union or other complications, determination of the efficiency of various bone treatments, and the design of rehabilitation protocols.

Download or read book Novel Advances in Microsystems Technologies and Their Applications written by Laurent A. Francis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microsystems technologies have found their way into an impressive variety of applications, from mobile phones, computers, and displays to smart grids, electric cars, and space shuttles. This multidisciplinary field of research extends the current capabilities of standard integrated circuits in terms of materials and designs and complements them by creating innovative components and smaller systems that require lower power consumption and display better performance. Novel Advances in Microsystems Technologies and their Applications delves into the state of the art and the applications of microsystems and microelectronics-related technologies. Featuring contributions by academic and industrial researchers from around the world, this book: Examines organic and flexible electronics, from polymer solar cell to flexible interconnects for the co-integration of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) with complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) Discusses imaging and display technologies, including MEMS technology in reflective displays, the fabrication of thin-film transistors on glass substrates, and new techniques to display and quickly transmit high-quality images Explores sensor technologies for sensing electrical currents and temperature, monitoring structural health and critical industrial processes, and more Covers biomedical microsystems, including biosensors, point-of-care devices, neural stimulation and recording, and ultra-low-power biomedical systems Written for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in electrical and biomedical engineering, this book reviews groundbreaking technology, trends, and applications in microelectronics. Its coverage of the latest research serves as a source of inspiration for anyone interested in further developing microsystems technologies and creating new applications.

Download or read book Sensors for Diagnostics and Monitoring written by Kevin Yallup and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensor technologies and applications are evolving rapidly driven by the demand for new sensors for monitoring and diagnostic purposes to enable improvements in human health and safety. Simultaneously, sensors are required to consume less power, be autonomous, cost less, and be connected by the Internet of Things. New sensor technologies are being developed to fulfill these needs. This book reviews the latest developments in sensor technology and gives the reader an overview of the state-of-the-art in key areas, such as sensors for diagnostics and monitoring. Features Provides an overview of sensor technologies for monitoring and diagnostics applications. Presents state-of-the-art developments in selected topics for sensors that can be used for monitoring and diagnostics in future healthcare, structural monitoring, and smart environment applications. Features contributions from leading international experts in both industry and academia. Explores application areas that include medical diagnostics and screening, health monitoring, smart textiles, and structural monitoring.

Download or read book A CMOS Self Powered Front End Architecture for Subcutaneous Event Detector Devices written by Jordi Colomer-Farrarons and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-17 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A CMOS Self-Powered Front-End Architecture for Subcutaneous Event-Detector Devices presents the conception and prototype realization of a Self-Powered architecture for subcutaneous detector devices. The architecture is designed to work as a true/false (event detector) or threshold level alarm of some substances, ions, etc... that are detected through a three-electrodes amperometric BioSensor approach. The device is envisaged as a Low-Power subcutaneous implantable application powered by an inductive link, one emitter antenna at the external side of the skin and the receiver antenna under the skin. The sensor is controlled with a Potentiostat circuit and then, a post-processing unit detects the desired levels and activates the transmission via a backscattering method by the inductive link. All the instrumentation, except the power module, is implemented in the so called BioChip. Following the idea of the powering link to harvest energy of the magnetic induced link at the implanted device, a Multi-Harvesting Power Chip (MHPC) has been also designed.

Download or read book Powering Autonomous Sensors written by María Teresa Penella-López and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-18 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous sensors transmit data and power their electronics without using cables. They can be found in e.g. wireless sensor networks (WSNs) or remote acquisition systems. Although primary batteries provide a simple design for powering autonomous sensors, they present several limitations such as limited capacity and power density, and difficulty in predicting their condition and state of charge. An alternative is to extract energy from the ambient (energy harvesting). However, the reduced dimensions of most autonomous sensors lead to a low level of available power from the energy transducer. Thus, efficient methods and circuits to manage and gather the energy are a must. An integral approach for powering autonomous sensors by considering both primary batteries and energy harvesters is presented. Two rather different forms of energy harvesting are also dealt with: optical (or solar) and radiofrequency (RF). Optical energy provides high energy density, especially outdoors, whereas RF remote powering is possibly the most feasible option for autonomous sensors embedded into the soil or within structures. Throughout different chapters, devices such as primary and secondary batteries, supercapacitors, and energy transducers are extensively reviewed. Then, circuits and methods found in the literature used to efficiently extract and gather the energy are presented. Finally, new proposals based on the authors’ own research are analyzed and tested. Every chapter is written to be rather independent, with each incorporating the relevant literature references. Powering Autonomous Sensors is intended for a wide audience working on or interested in the powering of autonomous sensors. Researchers and engineers can find a broad introduction to basic topics in this interesting and emerging area as well as further insights on the topics of solar and RF harvesting and of circuits and methods to maximize the power extracted from energy transducers.

Download or read book Handbook of Mems for Wireless and Mobile Applications written by Deepak Uttamchandani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing demand for mobile and wireless sensing necessitates the use of highly integrated technology featuring small size, low weight, high performance and low cost: micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can meet this need. The Handbook of MEMS for wireless and mobile applications provides a comprehensive overview of radio frequency (RF) MEMS technologies and explores the use of these technologies over a wide range of application areas.Part one provides an introduction to the use of RF MEMS as an enabling technology for wireless applications. Chapters review RF MEMS technology and applications as a whole before moving on to describe specific technologies for wireless applications including passive components, phase shifters and antennas. Packaging and reliability of RF MEMS is also discussed. Chapters in part two focus on wireless techniques and applications of wireless MEMS including biomedical applications, such as implantable MEMS, intraocular pressure sensors and wireless drug delivery. Further chapters highlight the use of RF MEMS for automotive radar, the monitoring of telecommunications reliability using wireless MEMS and the use of optical MEMS displays in portable electronics.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert authors, the Handbook of MEMS for wireless and mobile applications is a technical resource for MEMS manufacturers, the electronics industry, and scientists, engineers and academics working on MEMS and wireless systems. Reviews the use of radio frequency (RF) MEMS as an enabling technology for wireless applications Discusses wireless techniques and applications of wireless MEMS, including biomedical applications Describes monitoring structures and the environment with wireless MEMS

Download or read book IoT and Low Power Wireless written by Christopher Siu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers unique insight into the modern world of wireless communication that included 5G generation, implementation in Internet of Things (IoT), and emerging biomedical applications. To meet different design requirements, gaining perspective on systems is important. Written by international experts in industry and academia, the intended audience is practicing engineers with some electronics background. It presents the latest research and practices in wireless communication, as industry prepares for the next evolution towards a trillion interconnected devices. The text further explains how modern RF wireless systems may handle such a large number of wireless devices. Covers modern wireless technologies (5G, IoT), and emerging biomedical applications Discusses novel RF systems, CMOS low power circuit implementation, antennae arrays, circuits for medical imaging, and many other emerging technologies in wireless co-space. Written by a mixture of top industrial experts and key academic professors.

Download or read book Drug Delivery written by Yitzhak Rosen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating the clinical and engineering aspects of drug delivery, this book offers a much needed comprehensive overview and patient-oriented approach for enhanced drug delivery optimization and advancement. Starting with an introduction to the subject and pharmacokinetics, it explores advances for such topics as oral, gastroretentive, intravitreal, and intrathecal drug delivery, as well as insulin delivery, gene delivery, and biomaterials-based delivery systems. It also describes drug delivery in cancer, cardiac, infectious diseases, airway diseases, and obstetrics and gynecology applications. Examining special clinical states requiring innovative drug delivery modifications, such as hypercoagulability often seen in pregnancy, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, the book also discusses methods for improved drug delivery in clinical settings using clinical end points, clinical trials, simulations, and other venues. It also describes the latest drug delivery advances involving nanomaterials, NEMS and MEMS devices, hydrogels, microencapsulation, lipids, stem cells, patches, and ultrasound. The book is rounded out by a chapter on the FDA regulatory and bioethical challenges involved in advancing drug delivery.

Download or read book Smart system for invasive measurement of biomedical parameters written by Bibin John and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permanent monitoring of blood pressure helps in diagnosis and tracking progress of medical interventions. This dissertation details the design, fabrication and implementation of tiny wirelessly powered implant devices for detection of endoleaks and occlusion occurring in stent grafts used for treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) and portal hypertension (due to liver cirrhosis). Custom fabricated low-power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) together with pressure sensors and telemetry units for wireless power reception and data transmission form an implant device. Using wireless inductive telemetry links, these devices achieved a wireless range of 20 cm.

Download or read book Biosensors written by Toonika Rinken and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, the implementation of novel technological platforms in biosensor-based developments is primarily directed to the miniaturization of analytical systems and lowering the limits of detection. Rapid scientific and technological progress enables the application of biosensors for the online detection of minute concentrations of different chemical compounds in a wide selection of matrixes and monitoring extremely low levels of biomarkers even in living organisms and individual cells. This book, including 16 chapters, characterizes the present state of the art and prospective options for micro and nanoscale activities in biosensors construction and applications.

Download or read book Ti Based Biomaterials written by Jarosław Jakubowicz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, great attention has been paid to materials that can be used in the human body to prepare parts that replace failed bone structures. Of all materials, Ti-based materials are the most desirable, because they provide an optimum combination of mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. The successful application of Ti biomaterials has been confirmed mainly in dentistry, orthopedics, and traumatology. Titanium biocompatibility is practically the highest of all metallic biomaterials; however, new solutions are being sought to continuously improve their biocompatibility and osseointegration. Thus, the chemical modification of Ti results in the formation of new alloys or composites, which provide new perspectives for Ti biomaterials applications. This book covers broad aspects of Ti-based biomaterials concerning the design of their structure, mechanical, and biological properties. This book demonstrates that the new Ti-based compounds and their surface treatment provide the best properties for biomedical applications.

Download or read book Amperometric and Impedance Monitoring Systems for Biomedical Applications written by Jaime Punter-Villagrasa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-13 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the conception and realization of a pervasive electronic architecture for electrochemical applications, focusing on electronic instrumentation design and device development, particularly in electrochemical Point-of-Care and Lab-on-a-Chip devices, covering examples based on amperometric (DC) and impedance detection (AC) techniques. The presented electronics combine tailored front-end instrumentation and back-end data post-processing, enabling applications in different areas, and across a variety of techniques, analytes, transducers and environments. It addresses how the electronics are designed and implemented with special interest in the flow process: starting from electronic circuits and electrochemical biosensor design to a final validation and implementation for specific applications. Similarly, other important aspects are discussed throughout the book, such as electrochemical techniques, different analytes, targets, electronics reliability and robustness. The book also describes the use of the presented electronics in different electrochemical applications through some examples: instantaneous and non-destructive cellular monitoring and portable glucose monitoring device. Moreover, the book aims to introduce a comprehensive approach to electronic circuits, techniques and electrochemical sensors in POC devices to a general audience of students in biomedical and electronics engineering, scientists, and engineers.

Download or read book Biopotential Readout Circuits for Portable Acquisition Systems written by Refet Firat Yazicioglu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biopotential Readout Circuits for Portable Acquisition Systems describes one of the main building blocks of such miniaturized biomedical signal acquisition systems. The focus of this book is on the implementation of low-power and high-performance integrated circuit building blocks that can be used to extract biopotential signals from conventional biopotential electrodes. New instrumentation amplifier architectures are introduced and their design is described in detail. These amplifiers are used to implement complete acquisition demonstrator systems that are a stepping stone towards practical miniaturized and low-power systems.