Download or read book Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches OPEFB Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking written by Akpan Noah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) is one of the most economical perennial oil crops for its valuable oil-producing fruits in tropical regions such as West Africa and South-East Asia. During oil extraction process, these fruits are usually stripped from the fruit bunches leaving behind empty bunches to be discarded as residues. Thus, empty fruit bunches (EFB) of Elaeis guineensis are usually considered as waste in the oil palm industry. The abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has created enormous environmental issue, ranging from fouling, attraction of pests, greenhouse gas emissions to soil acidification, thus posing very serious threats to humans and the environment. Globally, in 2014 alone, over 22.4 million tons of EFB were estimated to have been produced. Therefore, exploring eco-friendly disposal methods and productive utilisation of oil palm EFB as alternative fibrous material for papermaking becomes imperative in converting waste to wealth, and initiating environmental wellness. Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre on the average measures 0.99¬†Œom in length, while the fibre diameter and cell wall thickness are 19.1¬†Œom and 3.38¬†Œom respectively. Fibres of EFB are of ligno-cellulosic materials, consisting on the average of an estimated cellulosic content of 30,Äì50%, 15,Äì35% of hemicelluloses and the lignin constituting about 20,Äì30% of extractive-free fibre. The rich cellulose base of EFB fibre makes Elaeis guineensis a good potential resource for papermaking furnish moreso that the pulp and paper industry is often referred to as the cellulose industry. Every 5 tons of EFB gives 1 ton of pulp for papermaking. This book chapter will therefore attempt to examine the fibre morphological characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch, the chemical properties of EFB fibre, papermaking potentials of empty fruit bunches and ultimately their impact on the environment.

Download or read book Elaeis guineensis written by Hesam Kamyab and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil biomass is constantly produced in large quantities throughout the world as a waste product of the vast palm oil plantations. Biomass from the palm oil industry has been converted into value-added products to a limited extent via thermochemical, chemical, physical, and biochemical conversion routes. However, a significant amount of biomass, such as OPF and OPT, is still left in plantations. A pragmatic approach to converting them to value-added products will not only result in a cleaner environment but also generate significant revenue for the government. It is also suggested that more attention be paid to bioproducts in order to present them in an appealing form to end-users, thereby encouraging good patronage.

Download or read book Empty Fruit Bunch EFB as an Alternative Source of Pulp Paper Production Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emerging Technologies for Future Sustainability written by Hafiza Shukor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-05 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents high-quality peer-reviewed articles from the 2nd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy 2022 (ICoBiomasSE 2022) organized by the Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (COEBU), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. The theme of the conference “Emerging Technology for Future Sustainability” is chosen in view of the current revolution and rapid developments in the field of biomass innovation towards sustainable development. The contents are broadly divided into five parts: (1) sustainable biomass resources for decarbonizing the economy, (2) biomass conversion technologies for bioenergy and biofuels, (3) biomass conversion to intermediates and products, (4) bioeconomy sustainability, impacts and policies and (5) bioenergy integration. It provides a platform for students, professionals, researchers, academicians, policymakers and industries working in the areas of biomass utilization and sustainable energy to solve long-standing environmental issues for a healthier planet.​

Download or read book Oil Palm Trunk OPT as an Alternative Cellulosic Material for Brown Paper Production written by Mohd Ashriq Muzzammil Bahari and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The total estimated amount of available biomass from 1997 to 2000 for oil palm trunks (OPT), fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) respectively are 4.34, 2.99, and 3.08 million tonnes per annum dry weight. The demand for pulp and paper products within Malaysia continues to grow at a considerable rate around 4 per cent per annum, and the trend expected to continue into the next decade. The research has indicated that the chemical composition of OPT fibers lie between that of hardwoods and that of softwoods material. Chemical pulping was used for pulping process because it produced pulp and paper of better properties than mechanical pulping. In this study, the beating effect of Soda-AQ pulp in term of fiber morphology, and mechanical properties such tensile, burst and tear indices was investigated. The pulp was beaten by using PFI Mill at five degree of beating; 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. Hand-sheets were made from pulp samples taken at different times during the beating process and standard physical test were carried out. The fiber length decrease and fines were produced with the increasing of degree of beating. The soda pulp also gives the effect on drainage time which is increasing with the degree of beating. The content stock freeness (CSF) is decrease with the degree of beating cause of increasing the surface area to absorb water of fine fiber. The high degrees of beating give the strength paper which showed in tear, burst and tensile indices. The study showed that OPT pulp has a long fiber that can be used as a reinforcement component in paper production and become value-added products.

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Symposium on Lightweight and Sustainable Polymeric Materials LSPM23 written by Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-12 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings book contains papers presented at the International Symposium on Lightweight and Sustainable Polymeric Materials (LSPM23) held on February 17, 2023, and organized by King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand. The papers in this book are presented by academics and industrial practitioners showcasing the latest technological advancements and applications of environmentally friendly polymeric materials with the emphasis on the production of lightweight, low-cost, low-energy-consuming materials with competitive performance. The content of this book appeals to academia and industrial researchers from the fields of polymer chemistry, physics, and materials science.

Download or read book Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural biomass is abundant worldwide and it can be considered as alternative source of renewable and sustainable materials which can be used as potential materials for different applications. Despite this enormous production of agricultural biomass, only a small fraction of the total biomass is utilized for different applications. Industry must be prepared to take advantage of the situation and utilize the available biomass in the best possible manner. Agricultural biomass such as natural fibres has been successfully investigated as a great potential to be used as a renewable and sustainable materials for the production of composite materials. Natural fibres offer excellent specific properties and have potential as outstanding reinforcing fillers in the matrix and can be used as an alternative material for biocomposites, hybrid composites, pulp, and paper industries. Natural fibre based polymer composites made of jute, oil palm, flex, hemp, kenaf have a low market cost, attractive with respect to global sustainability and find increasing commercial use in different applications. Agricultural biomass based composites find applications in a number of fields viz., automotive industry and construction industry. Future research on agricultural biomass-natural fibre based composites should not only be limited to its automotive applications but can be explored for its application in aircraft components, construction industry, rural housing and biomedical applications. In this book we will cover the chemical, physical, thermal, electrical, and biodegradability properties of agricultural biomass based composite materials and its different potential applications. The main goal of this volume is to familiarize researchers, scientists and engineers with the unique research opportunities and potentials of agricultural biomass based materials. Up-to-date information on alternative biomass utilization Academic and industry leaders discuss unique properties of biomass based composite materials Direct application of agricultural biomass materials as sustainable and renewable alternatives

Download or read book Biomass and Bioenergy written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.

Download or read book Commercial Utilisation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches written by Abdul Aziz Zain and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the 1992 statistics by PORLA, there are over two million hectares of palm oil plantation in Malaysia, of which the private estates make up 45% and the government schemes make up the rest. The total fresh fruit bunches received by the 22 palm oil mills are more than 30 million tonnes which generated about 8 million tonnes of empty fruit bunches. Based on 30% extraction rates of fibre from EFB alone, there are more than 2 million tonnes of fibre produced. In addition the plantations produced more than 17.17 millions tonnes of fronds from pruning and from felled oil palms. Taking only 50% extraction rate about 6.8 million tonnes of usable fibre be generated. At the moment it is either burnt as fuel for the boiler or used for mulching purposes in the fields. This causes environmental problem. In addition it costs a mill approximately RM15 a metric tonne to dispose off the EFB and fronds. [Auhtor's abstract].

Download or read book Biomass and Bioenergy written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties, and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.​

Download or read book Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper written by Pratima Bajpai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementing Cleaner Production in the pulp and paper industry The large—and still growing—pulp and paper industry is a capital- and resource-intensive industry that contributes to many environmental problems, including global warming, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, nutrification, and solid wastes. This important reference for professionals in the pulp and paper industry details how to improve manufacturing processes that not only cut down on the emission of pollutants but also increase productivity and decrease costs. Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper guides professionals in the pulp and paper industry to implement the internationally recognized process of Cleaner Production (CP). It provides updated information on CP measures in: Raw material storage and preparation Pulping processes (Kraft, Sulphite, and Mechanical) Bleaching, recovery, and papermaking Emission treatment and recycled fiber processing In addition, the book includes a discussion on recent cleaner technologies and their implementation status and benefits in the pulp and paper industry. Covering every aspect of pulping and papermaking essential to the subject of reducing pollution, this is a must-have for paper and bioprocess engineers, environmental engineers, and corporations in the forest products industry.

Download or read book Eco Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.

Download or read book Hyperspectral Imaging in Agriculture Food and Environment written by Alejandro Isabel Luna Maldonado and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the novel aspects and future trends of the hyperspectral imaging in agriculture, food, and environment. The topics covered by this book are hyperspectral imaging and their applications in the nondestructive quality assessment of fruits and vegetables, hyperspectral imaging for assessing quality and safety of meat, multimode hyperspectral imaging for food quality and safety, models fitting to pattern recognition in hyperspectral images, sequential classification of hyperspectral images, graph construction for hyperspectral data unmixing, target visualization method to process hyperspectral image, and soil contamination mapping with hyperspectral imagery. This book is a general reference work for students, professional engineers, and readers with interest in the subject.

Download or read book Paper and Paperboard Packaging Technology written by Mark J. Kirwan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses all the main types of packaging based on paper and paperboard. It considers the raw materials and manufacture of paper and paperboard, and the basic properties and features on which packaging made from these materials depends for its appearance and performance. The manufacture of twelve types of paper- and paperboard-based packaging is described, together with their end-use applications and the packaging machinery involved. The importance of pack design is stressed, and how these materials offer packaging designers opportunities for imaginative and innovative design solutions. Environmental and waste management issues are addressed in a separate chapter. The book is directed at those joining companies which manufacture packaging grades of paper and paperboard, companies involved in the design, printing and production of packaging, and companies which manufacture inks, coatings, adhesives and packaging machinery. It will be essential reading for students of packaging technology.

Download or read book Waste Management in the Palm Oil Industry written by Phaik Eong Poh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the technological developments that are currently being researched or implemented in the management of palm oil industrial waste. After introducing the plantation and milling processes, the book focuses on the wastes generated solely from plantation and milling activities, as reducing waste from these two sectors will enhance the overall sustainability of the entire palm oil industry eco-system. It then evaluates the sustainability of current practices and elaborates on technological developments in the two sectors, before critically assessing options to treat wastes generated from the plantation and milling process. To properly contextualise the work, it also includes a section on socio-economical sustainability, as well as an industrial case study. A valuable resource for academics interested in the evolution of sustainable waste management strategies within this industrial context, the book also appeals to practitioners in the field who wish to improve the sustainability of their particular plantation or mill.

Download or read book Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.

Download or read book Oil Palm Frond OPF as an Alternative Source of Pulp and Paper Production Materials written by Mohamad Izzuddin Yakari and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: