Download or read book Oil and Terrorism in the New Gulf written by James J.F. Forest and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2006-03-07 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil and Terrorism in the New Gulf examines the national security implications of U.S. energy security policies in the Middle East, and the emerging U.S. involvement in oil exploration and extraction in West Africa. Similar political, social, and economic challenges_poverty, corruption, lack of infrastructure, and weak governments_are seen in the oil-producing states of both the Middle East and Africa. Drawing comparisons between these two regions allows Forest and Sousa to formulate policy recommendations for how to handle foreign policy toward Africa in the future based on lessons learned from past interaction with the Middle East. Oil and Terrorism in the New Gulf promises to inform a lively debate over the future of U.S. foreign policies toward Africa and is a valuable resource for policymakers and the academic community that should be approached in a coherent, integrated fashion to ensure the success of the United State's energy and national security agendas.
Download or read book Oil and Terrorism in the New Gulf written by James J. F. Forest and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2006 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil and Terrorism in the New Gulf promises to inform a lively debate over the future of U.S. foreign policies toward Africa. This coherent, integrated debate will engage policymakers and the academic community to ensure the success of the United States' energy and national security agendas.
Download or read book Oil in the Gulf written by Daniel Heradstveit and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US-led war against Iraq in 2003 represented the most dramatic shake-up of regional politics in the Gulf for more than a decade. This book contains an up-to-date analysis of central questions affecting the construction of a post-Ba'th regime in Iraq, and charts possible ways forward in other key states of the region such as Saudi Arabia and Iran. At the heart of the analysis lies the tension between the US-sponsored vision of a democratic, free market Gulf region and local resistance to this model. This resistance, appearing in the shape of alternative visions of democracy and the state, could potentially present a challenge to US policy through the spread of repressive policies or terrorism, especially if Washington chooses to sideline the social forces behind it. Conversely, if this resistance were taken seriously by the US, it could form a point of departure for more fruitful interaction between traditions of government from the West and local politics. Future developments on this important issue will be of immense significance for the management of some of the world's largest oil and gas reserves, with immediate implications for both regional political stability as well as for the world economy.
Download or read book The Petroleum Triangle written by Steve A. Yetiv and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-15 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Petroleum Triangle, Steve A. Yetiv tells the interconnected story of oil, globalization, and terrorism. Yetiv asks how Al-Qaeda, a small band of terrorists, became such a real and perceived threat to American and global security, a threat viewed as profound enough to motivate the strongest power in world history to undertake extraordinary actions, including two very costly wars. Yetiv argues that Middle East oil and globalization have combined to augment the real and perceived threat of transnational terrorism. Globalization has allowed terrorists to do things that otherwise would be more difficult and costly: exploit technology, generate fear beyond their capabilities, target vulnerable economic and political nodes, and capitalize on socio-economic dislocation. Meanwhile, Middle East oil has fueled terrorism by helping to bolster oil-rich regimes that terrorists hate, to fund the terrorist infrastructure, and to generate anti-American and anti-Western sentiments about American support for oil-rich regimes and perceived Western designs on Middle East oil. Together, Middle East oil and globalization have combined in various ways to help create Al-Qaeda's real and perceived threat, and that of its affiliates and offshoots. The combined effect has shaped important contours of the Petroleum Triangle and of world affairs. A sweeping analysis of contemporary world politics and American foreign and military policy, The Petroleum Triangle convincingly argues that it is critical to understand the connections among oil, globalization, and terrorism if we seek to comprehend modern global politics. What happens within the Petroleum Triangle will help determine if the death of Osama bin Laden will ultimately cripple Al-Qaeda and its affiliates or be yet another milestone in an ongoing age of terrorism.
Download or read book Terrorism Oil written by Neal Adams and published by Fire Engineering Books & Videos. This book was released on 2003 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his new book, Terrorism & Oil, Neal Adams discusses the vulnerabilities faced by the global petroleum supply and infrastructure in the wake of the war on terror. Beginning with the economic impact of oil, Adams educates readers on: worldwide energy vulnerabilities; potential terrorist modes of attack; oilfields and related targets; effective preparation and response strategies. Valuable to both industry and non-industry readers, Terrorism & Oil is essential for anyone working in oil-related professions or concerned about resource security. From tool pushers to engineers; from executives to government officials and financial advisors; from city planners to rescue and response professionals; everyone will gain insight from this study on oil security issues. Terrorism & Oil will not only help you understand the impact a terrorist attack can have on the global oil industryuwith it you can be proactive in facilities security and implementing a company-wide program. Contents: Section 1: Why oil terrorism - and why should we care?; Mechanics of oil U.S. and world oil supply; Oil as a weapon; Section 2: Strategy and tactics for oil industry terrorism; Oil as a target; General risk and exposure assessment; Federal coordination; Appendices; Glossary; Bibliography.
Download or read book Major threats for oil security in Persian Gulf region written by Robert Fiedler and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-12-23 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Politik - Thema: Frieden und Konflikte, Sicherheit, Note: 1,6, Macquarie University, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Particularly emerging nations such as China, India, or Brazil will contribute to increased oil consumption, rising from 83 million barrel per day in 2004 to 118 million barrels per day in 2030 (Energy Information Administration, 2007). In the face of this situation, it comes with no surprise that “the world is now entering a challenging period for energy supply, due to the limited resources and production problems now facing conventional (easily accessible) oil” (Energy Committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 14.10.2005). Therefore, oil supply security has become a priority in political agendas and given an “extreme dependence on supply from the Middle East holding more than 60 % of the global oil reserves” (Energy Committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 14.10.2005) this region has become a focus for oil importing countries. Since this region has witnessed a variety of wars, conflicts, terrorist attacks and other disruptions that caused large losses of oil supply (Horsnell, 2000, p. 2) security issues in the Persian Gulf have become a matter of international interest in order to secure the oil supply from this region. In the following this paper will analyze major security issues in the Persian Gulf Area; such are inter-state conflict, the unsolved Israel-Palestine question, terrorism, as well as the problem of under-investment and domestic instabilities in some of the most important countries within the region. Furthermore, this paper will outline possible impacts of these security issues on the economic security in the rest of the world.
Download or read book Insecure Gulf written by Kristian Coates Ulrichsen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines both the traditional and the new challenges that the Gulf states face
Download or read book Offshore states and petro terrorism written by Amadou Tidiane Cissé and published by Harmattan Sénégal. This book was released on 2022-04-20 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Saudi Arabia written by Nino P. Tollitz and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saudi Arabia enjoys special importance in much of the international community because of its unique association with the Islamic religion and its oil wealth. Since the establishment of the modern Saudi kingdom in 1932, it has benefitted from a stable political system and a prosperous economy dominated by the oil sector. With one-fourth of the world's proven oil reserves and some of the lowest production costs, Saudi Arabia is likely to remain the world's largest net oil exporter for the foreseeable future. During January-October 2004, Saudi Arabia supplied the United States with 1.5 million barrels per day of crude oil, or 15%, of U.S. crude oil imports during that period. The September 11, 2001 attacks fueled criticisms within the United States of alleged Saudi involvement in terrorism or of Saudi laxity in acting against terrorist groups.
Download or read book Oil and Politics in the Gulf of Guinea written by Ricardo Soares de Oliveira and published by Hurst & Company. This book was released on 2007 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the paradox at the heart of present-day Gulf of Guinea politics. The governance crisis festering throughout every one of the region's states ought to discourage outsiders from capital-intensive, long-term commercial involvement and cast doubts over the political survival of ruling cliques. However, the presence of large petroleum deposits radically changes this equation: the negative dynamics of state failure and widespread violence affect the general population but spare the oil nexus. The material and political resources made available by oil allow states to survive regardless of bad policies, facilitate their governing elites' material success regardless of reckless management, earn international allies regardless of erratic domestic conduct, and make companies want to invest regardless of risk. The recent oil boom only strengthens this paradoxical viability. Making possible what is arguably the largest inflow of resources into Africa in history, it is of a different order from the short-term viability afforded by the exploitation of other natural resources. Nonetheless, the partnership between insiders and outsiders that permits the extraction of oil is not conducive to positive long-term outcomes in institution-building or broad-based economic growth. Highly dependent on uninterrupted money flows and beset by various destabilising trends, the political economy of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is poised in a state of 'permanent crisis'. This study, based on extensive fieldwork, interviews and engagement with primary and secondary sources, is the first on the subject to take on the regional, as opposed to the country-specific, dimension. It has four key aims. The first is to bring out the extent to which oil has forged the interaction of the region with the world economy and how the ongoing expansion of the oil sector will deepen this pivotal role. Secondly, how this international relevance of petroleum has shaped postcolonial domestic politics and institutions. Thirdly, it examines the interests of different sets of empowered actors in the partnership between importers, producers and oil companies, their interplay, and the manner and contexts in which their goals diverge or converge. Finally, it analyses the sources of long-term sustainability of the political economy of oil in the Gulf of Guinea amidst seemingly unmanageable chaos.
Download or read book American Oil Diplomacy in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea written by Gawdat G. Bahgat and published by Orange Grove Texts Plus. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An excellent study of U.S. policy on creating and maintaining a state of energy security."--Hafeez Malik, Villanova University The United States is the world's largest oil consumer and importer. Here Gawdat Bahgat examines the nation's growing dependence on fossil fuels--particularly oil--and the main challenges it faces in securing supplies from two energy-rich regions, the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. He argues that long-term U.S. energy strategy must be built on diversity of both the fuel mix and the geographic origin of that fuel. It should include a broad combination of measures that would stimulate domestic production, provide incentives for conservation, promote clean technologies, and eliminate political barriers to world markets. Bahgat also contends, however, that the goal should not be energy independence, but finding new ways of managing dependence on oil supplies from abroad. He maintains that despite increasing reservoirs of oil and natural gas throughout the world, including the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf will continue to be the main source of U.S. fossil fuel. Bahgat analyzes both recent and historical challenges to the relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia, the world's largest oil producer and exporter, including the Arab-Israeli peace process. He also discusses the hostility between the United States and Iraq and the tense relationship between the United States and Iran, including such sensitive topics as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, as well as developments in the wake of September 11, 2001. In his assessment of the underdeveloped Caspian Sea reservoir, Bahgat suggests that energy experts and policy makers have exaggerated the region's potential, citing logistical, economic, and political obstacles that must be overcome before the region plays a major role in producing fossil fuels. These obstacles include domestic ethnic divisions, disputes over the legal status of the Caspian, disagreements over the most cost-effective transportation routes, and changes in the region in the aftermath of the war on terrorism. Gawdat Bahgat, director of the Center of Middle Eastern Studies at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, is the author of The Gulf Monarchies: New Economic and Political Realities; The Future of the Gulf; and The Persian Gulf at the Dawn of the New Millennium.
Download or read book Blood and Oil written by Michael T. Klare and published by Metropolitan Books. This book was released on 2007-04-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of Resource Wars, a landmark assessment of the critical role of petroleum in America's actions abroad In his pathbreaking Resource Wars, world security expert Michael T. Klare alerted us to the role of resources in conflicts in the post-Cold War world. Now, in Blood and Oil, he concentrates on a single precious commodity, petroleum, while issuing a warning to the United States-its most powerful, and most dependent, global consumer. Since September 11th and the commencement of the "war on terror," the world's attention has been focused on the relationship between U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and the oceans of crude oil that lie beneath the region's soil. Klare traces oil's impact on international affairs since World War II, revealing its influence on the Truman, Eisenhower, Nixon, and Carter doctrines. He shows how America's own wells are drying up as our demand increases; by 2010, the United States will need to import 60 percent of its oil. And since most of this supply will have to come from chronically unstable, often violently anti-American zones-the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea, Latin America, and Africa-our dependency is bound to lead to recurrent military involvement. With clarity and urgency, Blood and Oil delineates the United States' predicament and cautions that it is time to change our energy policies, before we spend the next decades paying for oil with blood.
Download or read book The United States and the Persian Gulf written by Richard D. Sokolsky and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As this book goes to press in early 2003, U.S.-led military action to eliminate Iraqi weapons of mass destruction and to create postwar conditions that could support democratic political development appears increasingly likely. However that operation unfolds, it will mark an end to the decade-long policy of containment of Iraq and set the stage for a new American approach to security cooperation and political engagement throughout the Persian Gulf. The chapters in this book offer a timely and sustainable roadmap for a new U.S. strategy and military posture in the region. The presence of U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf, particularly in Saudi Arabia, has been a highly contentious issue in the Arab world since the Persian Gulf War of 1991. While this presence gave the United States and its coalition partners new flexibility in containing Saddam Husayn, managing regional stability, and ensuring access to oil, it also exacerbated anti-American sentiment, particularly among the more devout and disaffected youth in the region. Removal of that presence and of the governments that allowed it became a rallying cry for Osama bin Laden and in the development of the terrorist jihad of al Qaeda. However, as contributors to this volume make clear, even in the absence of the new demands of the global war on terrorism, other regional political and strategic developments, as well as the erosion of international support for dual containment, warrant a reshaping of that military presence. Moreover, the continued transformation of U.S. military forces, including the enhancement of expeditionary and long-range power projection capabilities, could allow for a reduced forward presence in the Gulf. Managing such a transition will require a comprehensive regional strategy and reduction of the Iraqi threat to the region. Washington's scope for action will be greatly influenced by how military action against Iraq unfolds and what conclusions other countries in the region draw from it.
Download or read book Expeditionary Strike Group and the Gulf of Guinea written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global War on Terrorism effort in Africa has focused mainly on the northeast in the Horn of Africa, but increased attention should be given to West Africa and the Gulf of Guinea. The region has many characteristics that make it an appealing venue to terrorist organizations, but it also has emerging strategic value to the United States, as it will be a major producer of oil in the near future. For these reasons, the United States will increase its presence in the Gulf of Guinea, and the most suitable and likely force to operate there is the Expeditionary Strike Group. There are numerous ongoing issues in the Gulf of Guinea that are important to the economic and security interests of the United States. It is anticipated that 25 percent of the oil supplied to the United States in 2015 will come from the Gulf of Guinea. U.S. oil companies are currently spending billions of dollars on oil infrastructure in the region. However, widespread poverty, ethnic strife, and systemic government corruption have destabilized the region and subsequently pose a threat to its oil industry. These threats have historically materialized in the form of infrastructure destruction, piracy, or kidnapping, but there is increasing concern that regional conditions, coupled with the lucrative targets presented by American financed oil facilities, will draw terrorists into the region. The conflicts in the Gulf of Guinea are important to U.S. interests and values. These conflicts are numerous and complex and require external attention to resolve, as they are beyond the power of their government leaders to resolve. As such, persistent U.S. military presence in the region could have a stabilizing effect. The ESG's mobility and full-spectrum operational capabilities in the littorals make it the most suitable and likely force to conduct operations in the region.
Download or read book Deep Water The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling Report to the President January 2011 written by National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Dril and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2011-05-24 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On April 20, 2010, the Macondo well blew out, costing the lives of 11 men, and beginning a catastrophe that sank the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig and spilled nearly 5 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The spill disrupted an entire region’s economy, damaged fisheries and critical habitats, and brought vividly to light the risks of deepwater drilling for oil and gas—the latest frontier in the national energy supply. Soon after, President Barack Obama appointed a seven-member Commission to investigate the disaster, analyze its causes and effects, and recommend the actions necessary to minimize such risks in the future. The Commission’s report offers the American public and policymakers alike the fullest account available of what happened in the Gulf and why, and proposes actions—changes in company behavior, reform of government oversight, and investments in research and technology—required as industry moves forward to meet the nation’s energy needs.
Download or read book The United States and the Persian Gulf Reshaping Security Strategy for the Post Containment Era written by National University and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant changes lie ahead for U.S. security strategy in the Persian Gulf after almost a decade of stasis. In the decade between the Gulf War and the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the strategy of dual containment of Iraq and Iran was a key driver of American military planning and force posture for the region. During these years, the overriding U.S. concern was preserving access to Gulf oil at reasonable prices; both Iran and Iraq possessed only a limited ability to project power and influence beyond their borders; the Persian Gulf states acquiesced to a significant U.S. military presence on their soil despite the domestic costs; and the United States was reasonably successful, at least until the second Palestinian intifada in September 2000, in insulating its relationships with key Gulf states from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. At the end of the Clinton administration, it seemed safe to assume that the regional security environment would continue to evolve more or less on its present trajectory and that the challenge confronting the United States was how to manage U.S. forward presence for the long haul under increasingly stressful conditions. This premise is no longer valid. The strategy of dual containment, which is just barely alive, will expire in one way or another in all likelihood because the United States decides to end Saddam Husayn's rule. American success in engineering a regime change in Baghdad will require a substantial increase in U.S. forward deployed forces followed by a multinational occupation of Iraq that is likely to include a significant U.S. military component. At the same time, even if regime change does not occur in Iraq, other factors are likely to put pressure on the United States over the next decade to alter the shape of its military posture toward the region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implications of these political, strategic, security, and military factors for U.S. military presence and force posture, defense and security relationships, and force planning for the region. Specifically, the chapters that follow seek to frame the issues, options, and tradeoffs facing U.S. defense planners by focusing on the following questions: To what extent does the emerging security environment-that is, the changing nature of U.S. interests and threats to those interests- require changes in the size and composition of forward deployed forces, peacetime engagement activities, military operations, and force protection? Does the United States need to reconfigure its security and military relationships with regional friends and allies to take account of their changing security perceptions and policies? Are there trends in the strategic environment that are likely to generate new demands and requirements for the Armed Forces? How can the United States reconcile the call in the Quadrennial Defense Review 2001 for greater flexibility in the global allocation of U.S. defense capabilities with the harsh reality that, for the foreseeable future, forward defense of the Persian Gulf will remain dependent on substantial reinforcements from the United States? The main conclusion of this study is that, with or without regime change in Iraq, the United States will need to make significant adjustments in its military posture toward the region.
Download or read book The Oil Wars Myth written by Emily Meierding and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do countries fight wars for oil? Given the resource's exceptional military and economic importance, most people assume that states will do anything to obtain it. Challenging this conventional wisdom, The Oil Wars Myth reveals that countries do not launch major conflicts to acquire petroleum resources. Emily Meierding argues that the costs of foreign invasion, territorial occupation, international retaliation, and damage to oil company relations deter even the most powerful countries from initiating "classic oil wars." Examining a century of interstate violence, she demonstrates that, at most, countries have engaged in mild sparring to advance their petroleum ambitions. The Oil Wars Myth elaborates on these findings by reassessing the presumed oil motives for many of the twentieth century's most prominent international conflicts: World War II, the two American Gulf wars, the Iran–Iraq War, the Falklands/Malvinas War, and the Chaco War. These case studies show that countries have consistently refrained from fighting for oil. Meierding also explains why oil war assumptions are so common, despite the lack of supporting evidence. Since classic oil wars exist at the intersection of need and greed—two popular explanations for resource grabs—they are unusually easy to believe in. The Oil Wars Myth will engage and inform anyone interested in oil, war, and the narratives that connect them.
