Download or read book Official Supported Export Credits Developments and Prospects written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-03-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents report on a number of countries in Asia that have made substantial use of agency credits, including the quasi-concessional financing available through mixed credit s. Through their willingness to grant comprehensive relief on a case-by-case basis, official creditors have responded flexibly to the needs of individual countries. The ability of export credit agencies to also provide substantial new financing to rescheduling countries has depended on the strategy of debt subordination achieved through fixing cutoff dates. As to the role of export credits at present, when the debt strategy’s continuing emphasis on new money flows is being supplemented by debt reduction, the debt subordination strategy followed by export credit agencies has left them well positioned to provide necessary new financing for middle-income countries pursuing strong adjustment. In heavily indebted low income countries, whose needs for project finance should most appropriately be met by concessional finance, export credit agencies continue to play an important role in supporting essential short-term credits.

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits written by Mr.Balázs Horváth and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-12-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study discusses the importance of export credits, their recent growth, and the trend toward more extensive reliance by official bilateral creditors on export credits as an instrument of financial support, and raises a number of issues regarding the role and limitations of export credit financing, espeically for economies in transition.

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits Developments Prospects May 1990 written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper emphasizes on the policy reaction of the agencies and their authorities to countries in various stages of debt-servicing difficulties. Export credit agencies have, over the past few years, been adopting a progressively more open stance. This is true with respect to short-term cover generally and, with respect to medium-term cover, for countries that have rescheduled their debts but are implementing adjustment programs and adhering to Paris Club agreements. Despite the more open stance, the volume of new medium-term credit and cover commitments to developing countries appears to have fallen off sharply over the past two years. Although for some debtors the operative constraint is clearly on the supply of new credits and cover, this is not the general case and, indeed, agencies reported net repayments from some countries for which they were wide open for new business. A number of agencies also considered that a factor behind the decline in both investment and export credits to support that investment could be the terms on which such credits are available.

Download or read book Export Credits written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses developments and issues concerning export credits from the perspective of the economic adjustment process of indebted developing countries. This emphasis is consistent with the principle that officially supported export credit—whether it takes the form of direct official credits or insurance and guarantees on privately funded credits—is an instrument of commercial financing for exports and not a means of aid finance. All creditor governments have a broad range of objectives in using the economic instruments at their disposal to help overcome the adjustment problems of heavily indebted countries, with which important bilateral trade relations are being maintained. In support of an expansion in world trade and notwithstanding the competitive element, export credit insurance and guarantees may have a special role in helping to catalyze private credit flows, especially since such a role coincides with the interest of private lenders to shift away from general purpose balance of payments finance to trade and project finance.

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits written by K. Burke Dillon and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits in a Changing World written by Mr.Mario Mansilla and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-07-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the issues of government involvement in international trade finance stemming from the recent changes in global financial markets. This study is based on discussions with representatives of export credit agencies during the period from October 2003 to May 2004. A survey of 27 agencies provided valuable insights. Financial flows facilitated by official export credit agencies are large in comparison with official development assistance and gross lending by international financial institutions to developing countries. However, the importance of officially supported trade finance has been declining relative to the rapid expansion of world trade and total capital flows to developing countries. The study highlights the key challenges facing official export credit agencies, including complementing the private sector, facilitating financing to low-income countries while helping maintain these countries’ debt sustainability, and playing a positive role in the area of trade finance in international efforts to address emerging market financial crises.

Download or read book Issues in International Exchange and Payments Systems written by Peter J. Quirk and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 1995-04-13 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global trend toward lilberalization in countries' international payments and transfer systems has been widespread in both industrial and developing countries and most dramatic in Central and Eastern Europe. Countries in general have brought their exchange systems more in line with market principles and moved toward more flexible exchange rate arrangements. This study updates previous studies published under the title Developments in International Exchange and Payments Systems.

Download or read book Export Credits written by Eduard H. Brau and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits written by Michael G. Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits written by International Monetary Fund and published by . This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Export Credit Market Developments written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-03-01 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Export credit agencies (ECAs) have played a critical role in financing for developing countries in recent years, and officially supported export credits have been growing in volume. The current export credit exposure to developing countries and economies in transition has reached almost half a trillion dollars. This paper reviews developments in export credit markets affecting exposure, new commitments, and cover policy for developing countries and economies in transition and discusses three key issues affecting export credit markets: a more widespread involvement of ECAs in project financing transactions, a strong presence of ECAs in the market for investment insurance, and a deepening of the forfeiting market.

Download or read book Export credits written by Eduard Brau and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Officially Supported Export Credits written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-05 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Arrangement on guidelines for officially supported export credits written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Official Export Credits written by John E. Ray and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1995 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on US and international sources Ray traces the development of international rules governing the use of official export credits and makes specific proposals for reducing their cost through enhanced international cooperation. Ray also includes basic documents dealing with export credits and aid-credit competition; these will provide an invaluable reference library for those concerned with export credit policy.

Download or read book Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Export Credit Arrangement Achievements and Challenges 1978 1998 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-11-20 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of essays, participants involved with the Arrangement from its earliest days chart its evolution – its inception and progressive expansion, the difficulties encountered and problems solved.