Download or read book OEUVRES COMPLETES DE M LE C TE DE BUFFON Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Fran oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1774 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OEUVRES COMPLETES DE M LE C TE DE BUFFON Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Fran oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1774 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OEUVRES COMPLETES DE M LE C TE DE BUFFON Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Fran oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1774 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OEUVRES COMPLETES DE M LE C TE DE BUFFON Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Fran oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1774 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OEUVRES COMPL TES DE M LE C TE DE BUFFON Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Fran oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1775 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OEUVRES COMPLETES DE M LE C TE DE BUFFON Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Fran oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1774 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OEUVRES COMPLETES DE M LE C TE DE BUFFON Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Fran oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1774 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book uvres Compl tes De M Le C te De Buffon Intendant du Jardin du Roi de l Acad mie Franc oise de celle des Sciences et c written by Georges Louis Le Clerc de Buffon and published by . This book was released on 1777 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Colonial Machine written by James Edward McClellan (III) and published by Brepols Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of modern science and European colonial and imperial expansion are indisputably two defining elements of modern world history. James E. McClellan III and Francois Regourd explore these two world-historical forces and their interactions in this comprehensive and in-depth history of the French case in the Old Regime presented here for the first time. The case is key because no other state matched Old-Regime France as a center for organized science and because contemporary France closely rivaled Britain as a colonial power, as well as leading all other nations in commodity production and participating in the slave trade. Based on extensive archival research and vast primary and secondary literatures and sharply reframing the historiography of the field, this landmark volume traces the development and significance for early-modern history of the Colonial Machine of Old-Regime France, an unparalleled agglomeration of institutions geared to the success of the French colonial enterprise, including the Royal Navy, the Academie Royale des Sciences, the Jardin du Roi, and a host of related specialist institutions working together at home and overseas. Mainly supported by the French state, the Colonial Machine reveals itself through its actions from the time of Colbert and Louis XIV as it grappled with fundamental problems facing contemporary European colonialism: cartography and navigation; medical care of sailors, colonists, and slaves; and applied botany and commodity production. Historians of globalization and European overseas expansion, of Old-Regime France, and of science in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries will henceforth take this stimulating volume as a necessary starting point for further reflection and research. Nominated for the Mary Alice and Philip Boucher Book Prize.
Download or read book The Order of Minims in Seventeenth Century France written by P.J.S. Whitmore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking of the text from the Dies frae (S. Matthew, XXV, 40). It is also probable that this other Saint Francis, partly out of admiration for his illustrious compatriot of Assisi and partly from a compelling urge to be superlative in all things, chose the title in opposition to the Franciscans, the Fratres Minori, l who had previously adopted this style taken from Saint Matthew, XXIII, 8. The title "Minim" was confirmed in these words" ... eosque Eremitos Ordinis Minimorum Fratrum Eremitarum F. Francesci de Paula in posterum nuncupari," taken from the Papal Bull, Meritis religiosae vitae, of 26 February, 1493. The earliest reference to the Order in France is in a fragment preserved in the Bibliotheque de l'Arsenal called, La regle et vie de Frere Franfois, pauvre et humble hermite de Paule, laquelle donne a tous ses 2 freres voulant entrer et vivre en son ordre. The dating of this manuscript should be accepted with considerable reserve; it bears a clearly legible "1474," although it seems most unlikely that any reference to an Order occurred before the Bull of 1493 or that any Rule appeared in French before the Founder's visit to Louis XI in 1483. 3 The fame of Francis and his reputation as a "guerisseur" had reached the French court where Louis XI was sick and dying; the King summoned him to the chateau of Le Plessis-Ies-Tours, but it required the intervention of the Pope to make the hermit undertake the journey
Download or read book Bibliography of Eighteenth Century Art and Illustrated Books written by J. Lewine and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Historical Geography of France written by Xavier de Planhol and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-03-17 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this 1994 book, Xavier de Planhol and Paul Claval, two of France's leading scholars in the field, trace the historical geography of their country from its roots in the Roman province of Gaul to the 1990s. They demonstrate how, for centuries, France was little more than an ideological concept, despite its natural physical boundaries and long territorial history. They examine the relatively late development of a more complex territorial geography, involving political, religious, cultural, agricultural and industrial unities and diversities. The conclusion reached is that only in the twentieth century had France achieved a profound territorial unity and only now are the fragmentations of the past being overwritten.
Download or read book The Flour War written by Cynthia Bouton and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 1775, a series of food riots shook the villages and countryside around Paris. For decades France had been free of famine, but the fall grain harvest had been meager, and the government of the newly crowned King Louis XVI had issued an untimely edict allowing the free commerce of grain within the kingdom. Prices skyrocketed, causing riots to break out in April, first in the market town of Beaumont-sur-Oise, then sweeping through the Paris Basin for the next three weeks. Known as the Flour War, or the guerre des farines, these riots are the subject of Cynthia Bouton's fascinating study. Building upon French historian George Rud&é's pioneering work, Bouton identifies communities of participants and victims in the Flour War, analyzing them according to class, occupation, gender, and location. As typically happened, crowds of common people (menu peuple) confronted those who controlled the grain-bakers, merchants, millers, cultivators, and local authorities. Bouton asks why women of the menu peuple were heavily represented in the riots, often assuming crucial roles as instigators and leaders. In most instances, the people did not steal the provisions but forced those they cornered to sell at a price the rioters deemed &"just.&" Bouton examines this phenomenon, known as taxation populaire, and considers the growing &"sophistication of purpose&" of rioters by placing the Flour War within the larger context of food riots in early modern Europe.
Download or read book ECJ recent Developments in Direct Taxation written by Michael Lang and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing number of cases pending before trhe European Court of Justice (ECJ) concern the fundamental freedoms and direct taxation. This book scrutinises the national background of the most important of these cases and examines possible infringements of fundamental freedoms. The focus of each analysis is on the questions submitted to the ECJ by the national courts. Moreover, where available, the opinion of the Advocate General is discussed. The cases are presented by esteemed national and European tax law experts. This book goes to the heart of the national tax systems, exposing hidden obstacles to fundamental freedoms.
Download or read book Correspondence written by Voltaire and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalogue of the Edward E Ayer Ornithological Library written by Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library and published by Chicago : Field Museum of Natural History. This book was released on 1926 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Joseph II written by Walter W. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been said that never has a monarch so narrowly missed "greatness" as did the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. An idealistic, sincere, and hardworking monarch whose ultilitarian bent, humanitarian instincts, and ambitious programs of reform in every area of public concern have prompted historians to term him an "enlightened despot," "revolutionary Emperor," "philosopher on a throne," and a ruler ahead of his time, Joseph has also been condemned for being insensitive to the phobias and follies of his subjects, essentially unrealistic, almost utopian, in establishing his goals, and dogmatic and overly precipitous in trying to achieve them. Efforts to analyze and explain the actions of this complex and controversial personality have involved a number of savants in investigations of "Josephinism" (or as I prefer to call it, "Josephism"), dealing in great detail with the motiva tions, substance, and influence of his innovations. The roots of Josephism run deep, but can be observed emerging here and there from the intellectual and political soil that nourished them, before joining the central trunk of the system formulated during the latter years of Maria Theresa's reign to grow to an ephemeral and stunted maturity under Joseph II.
