Download or read book Test No 220 Enchytraeid Reproduction Test written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil. Adult enchytraeid worms are exposed to a range of concentrations of the ...
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 2 Test No 220 Enchytraeid Reproduction Test written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline is designed to be used for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproductive output of the enchytraeid worm, Enchytraeus albidus Henle 1873, in soil.
Download or read book Test No 226 Predatory mite Hypoaspis Geolaelaps aculeifer reproduction test in soil written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes a method to assess the effects of chemical substances in soil on the reproductive output of the soil mite species Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer Canestrini (Acari: Laelapidae). It can be used for water soluble or ...
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 2 Test No 228 Determination of Developmental Toxicity to Dipteran Dung Flies Scathophaga stercoraria L Scathophagidae Musca autumnalis De Geer Muscidae written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes a method to estimate the developmental toxicity of a test chemical to the dung dwelling life stages of dung-dependent dipteran species.
Download or read book Principles and Methods of Toxicology Fifth Edition written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-25 with total page 2304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Founded on the paradox that all things are poisons and the difference between poison and remedy is quantity, the determination of safe dosage forms the base and focus of modern toxicology. In order to make a sound determination there must be a working knowledge of the biologic mechanisms involved and of the methods employed to define these mechanisms. While the vastness of the field and the rapid accumulation of data may preclude the possibility of absorbing and retaining more than a fraction of the available information, a solid understanding of the underlying principles is essential. Extensively revised and updated with four new chapters and an expanded glossary, this fifth edition of the classic text, Principles and Methods of Toxicology provides comprehensive coverage in a manageable and accessible format. New topics include 'toxicopanomics', plant and animal poisons, information resources, and non-animal testing alternatives. Emphasizing the cornerstones of toxicology-people differ, dose matters, and things change, the book begins with a review of the history of toxicology and followed by an explanation of basic toxicological principles, agents that cause toxicity, target organ toxicity, and toxicological testing methods including many of the test protocols required to meet regulatory needs worldwide. The book examines each method or procedure from the standpoint of technique and interpretation of data and discusses problems and pitfalls that may be associated with each. The addition of several new authors allow for a broader and more diverse treatment of the ever-changing and expanding field of toxicology. Maintaining the high-quality information and organizational framework that made the previous editions so successful, Principles and Methods of Toxicology, Fifth Edition continues to be a valuable resource for the advanced practitioner as well as the new disciple of toxicology.
Download or read book Soil Ecotoxicology written by Joseph Tarradellas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-12-23 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils are receptacles for a wide range of hazardous chemicals generated by human activities. Whether or not this contamination is deliberate, accurate toxicity assessments are important for health and economic reasons. Soil Ecotoxicology discusses the sources, fate, and transport of hazardous chemicals in soils. The fate (biodegradation and modeling) and the potential impacts of pesticides on soil ecosystems are emphasized, and methodologies for performing toxicity assessments are provided.
Download or read book Hayes Principles and Methods of Toxicology Sixth Edition written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 2186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable reference to the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new sixth edition has been revised and updated while maintaining the same high standards that have made this volume a benchmark resource in the field. With new authors and new chapters that address the advances and developments since the fifth edition, the book presents everything toxicologists and students need to know to understand hazards and mechanisms of toxicity, enabling them to better assess risk. The book begins with the four basic principles of toxicology—dose matters, people differ, everything transforms, and timing is crucial. The contributors discuss various agents of toxicity, including foodborne, solvents, crop protection chemicals, radiation, and plant and animal toxins. They examine various methods for defining and measuring toxicity in a host of areas, including genetics, carcinogenicity, toxicity in major body systems, and the environment. This new edition contains an expanded glossary reflecting significant changes in the field. New topics in this edition include: The importance of dose–response Systems toxicology Food safety The humane use and care of animals Neurotoxicology The comprehensive coverage and clear writing style make this volume an invaluable text for students and a one-stop reference for professionals.
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Fifteenth Addendum 2004 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-10-07 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals are a collection of internationally agreed methods for testing the safety of chemicals and chemical preparations, including pesticides and industrial chemicals. This 2005 update contains 11 new and 3 revised guidelines.
Download or read book Advanced Nano Bio Technologies for Water and Soil Treatment written by Jan Filip and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are proposing this comprehensive volume aimed at bridging and bonding of the theory and practical experiences for the elimination of a broad range of pollutants from various types of water and soil utilizing innovative nanotechnologies, biotechnologies and their possible combinations. Nowadays, a broad range of contaminants are emerging from the industry (and also representing old ecological burdens). Accidents and improper wastewater treatment requires a fast, efficient and cost-effective approach. Therefore, several innovative technologies of water and soil treatments have been invented and suggested in a number of published papers. Out of these, some nanotechnologies and biotechnologies (and possibly also their mutual combinations) turned out to be promising for practical utilization – i.e., based on both extensive laboratory testing and pilot-scale verification. With respect to the diverse character of targeted pollutants, the key technologies covered in this book will include oxidation, reduction, sorption and/or biological degradation. In relation to innovative technologies and new emerging pollutants mentioned in this proposed book, an important part will also cover the ecotoxicity of selected pollutants and novel nanomaterials used for remediation. Thus, this work will consist of 8 sections/chapters with a technical appendix as an important part of the book, where some technical details and standardized protocols will be clearly presented for their possible implementation at different contaminated sites. Although many previously published papers and books (or book chapters) are devoted to some aspects of nano-/biotechnologies, here we will bring a first complete and comprehensive treatise on the latest progress in innovative technologies with a clear demonstration of the applicability of particular methods based on results of the authors from pilot tests (i.e., based on the data collected within several applied projects, mainly national project “Environmentally friendly nanotechnologies and biotechnologies in water and soil treatment” of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic, and 7FP project NANOREM: “Taking Nanotechnological Remediation Processes from Lab Scale to End User Applications for the Restoration of a Clean Environment”). This multidisciplinary book will be suitable for a broad audience including environmental scientists, practitioners, policymakers and toxicologists (and of course graduate students of diverse fields – material science, chemistry, biology, geology, hydrogeology, engineering etc.).
Download or read book OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Revised Guidance Document 150 on Standardised Test Guidelines for Evaluating Chemicals for Endocrine Disruption written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidance document was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2018 to reflect new and updated OECD test guidelines, as well as reflect on scientific advances in the use of test methods and assessment of the endocrine activity of chemicals.
Download or read book Endocrine Disrupters written by Peter Matthiessen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enables researchers to assess the effects of endocrine disrupters as well as comply with new environmental regulations Endocrine disrupters are chemicals both man-made and natural that interfere with the body's endocrine system, potentially resulting in adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects. In recent years, a number of regulatory authorities around the world have drafted or enacted legislation that requires the detection and assessment of the effects of endocrine disrupters on both humans and wildlife. In response, this book provides comprehensive, up-to-date information on the latest tested and proven methods used to detect and assess the environmental hazards posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Endocrine Disrupters is divided into chapters covering each major taxon as well as chapters dedicated to hazard assessment and regulation. The book covers testing methods for all the vertebrate groups and several invertebrate phyla, including: Crustaceans and mollusks Insects Fish Amphibians and reptiles Birds and mammals Moreover, the book emphasizes practical, ethical testing methods that combine sensitivity, efficiency, statistical power, and reasonable cost. Each chapter is written by one or more international experts in ecotoxicology, offering readers step-by-step guidance for implementing each method based on the latest research and the authors' firsthand laboratory experience. Furthermore, all the chapters have been subjected to a rigorous peer review and edited in light of the reviewers' comments. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the literature in the field. Endocrine Disrupters is recommended for scientists who need to test chemicals for possible endocrine-disrupting properties. It is also recommended for regulatory authorities who need to decide whether particular chemicals can be safely marketed.
Download or read book Invertebrates written by Marcelo Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book, Invertebrates-Experimental Models in Toxicity Screening, is intended to provide an overview of the use of conventional and nonconventional invertebrate species as experimental models for the study of different toxicological aspects induced by environmental pollutants in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, it is hoped that the information in the present book will be of value to those directly engaged in the handling and use of environmental pollutants and that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the different aspects of toxicity screening.
Download or read book GMOs written by Anurag Chaurasia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a broad spectrum of topics related to GMOs and allied new gene-based technologies, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes, bringing together the contributions of researchers and regulators from around the world. The aim is to offer a clear view of the benefits and effects of genetically modified crops, insects, and other animals on the soil microbiome and ecological processes. Contributors examine issues related to the development of risk assessment procedures and regulations designed to maximize benefits while minimizing risks. Beyond the scientific challenges of GMOs, the book explores the broad and contentious terrain of ethical considerations. The contributors discuss such questions as the unintended, possibly unforeseen, consequences of releasing GMOs into ecosystems, and the likelihood that the full effects of GMOs could take years, even decades, of close monitoring to become evident. The importance of developing a precautionary approach is stressed. The final chapter describes the critical issues of governance and regulation of new and emerging gene-based technologies, as nations grapple with the consequences of adopting the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB). The volume includes an extensive Annex which outlines legal perspectives on the state of GMO governance around the world, with more than 20 examples from nations in Africa, South and Central America, Asia, Australasia, and Europe.
Download or read book Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management written by Katalin Gruiz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical substances, physical agents and built structures exhibit various types of hazard due to their inherent toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, reprotoxic and sensitizing character or damaging to the immune and hormone system. The first steps in managing an environment contaminated by chemical substances are characterization of hazards and quantifi
Download or read book Soil Pollution written by Ibrahim Mirsal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level text and reference work is unique among the soil literature. It deals with the interdisciplinary fields of soil pollution and remediation. It starts off with a thorough and comprehensible introduction to the relevant fundamentals of mineralogy, chemistry, and soil properties. Readers are thus well prepared to understand the biochemical aspects of soil remediation then presented. The book’s holistic approach and narrative style are complemented by numerous and detailed illustrations. Soil pollution is an asset not only to graduate students and instructors, but also to professionals from the environmental and agricultural sciences, as it provides an integrated overview of previously separately treated material.
Download or read book Ecotoxicological Characterization of Waste written by Heidrun Moser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: R. Wagner The European list of wastes (LOW) (Commission Decision 2000/532/EC and updates) is the basic foundation for the implementation of waste legislation in Europe. It contains a harmonized list of different types of waste and categorizes them according to their origin or generation process. It provides for a uniform description of wastes through the application of a uniform nomenclature and the assignation of certain waste code numbers, for example, in permits or for monit- ing purposes. It also labels those hazardous wastes that are subject to a number of special provisions in both European and national legislation, for example, with regard to monitoring, licenses for installations, and national obligations regarding giving notice and transfer of responsibilities. The Waste Catalogue Ordinance (AVV) transposed the European LOW into German legislation in late 2001. This ordinance encompasses 840 codes of waste in 20 main chapters, classifies 400 types of waste as hazardous, and contains mirror entries for about 200 types of waste. The latter term classifies waste either as hazardous or non-hazardous, depending on certain physical or chemical properties. The ordinance defines 14 hazard criteria (H criteria), including criterion H14 “ecotoxic,” in order to classify waste with regard to properties that render it hazardous. Unfortunately, the LOW is incomplete. Depending on the classification of h- ard, specific concentrations of solids are laid down for the majority of properties relevant for health and workers’ protection.
Download or read book Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment written by Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses bioavailability concepts and methods, summarizing the current knowledge on bioavailability science, as well as possible pathways for integrating bioavailability into risk assessment and the regulation of organic chemicals. Divided into 5 parts, it begins with an overview of chemical distribution in soil and sediment, as well as the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of chemicals in plants, soil, invertebrates and vertebrates (including humans). It then focuses on the impact of sorption processes and reviews bioavailability measurement methods. The closing chapters discuss the impact of bioavailability studies on chemical risk assessment, and highlights further research needs. Written by a multi-disciplinary team of authors, it is an essential resource for scientists in academia and industry, students, as well as for authorities.
