Download or read book OCT4 Regulated Transcription Networks in Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells written by Marc Jung and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the SOX2 OCT 3 4 Gene Regulatory Network in Embryonal Carcinoma and Embryonic Stem Cells written by Brian David Boer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes are driven by complex systems of functionally interacting signaling molecules. Thus, understanding signaling molecules is essential to explain normal or pathological biological phenomena. A large body of clinical and experimental data has been accumulated over these years, albeit in fragmented state. Hence, systems biological approaches concomitant with the understanding of each molecule are ideal to delineate signaling networks/pathways involved in the biologically important processes. The control of these signaling pathways will enrich our healthier life. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities. This encyclopedia presents 350 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike During past years, there were multiple databases to gather this information briefly and very partially. Amidst the excitement of these findings, one of the great scientific tasks of the coming century is to bring all the useful information into a place. Such an approach is arduous but at the end will infuse the lacunas and considerably be a streamline in the understanding of vibrant signaling networks. Based on this easy-approach, we can build up more complicated biological systems.
Download or read book Rna Interference in Human Embryonal Carcinoma and Embryonic Stem Cells written by Maryam M. Matin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human embryonal carcinoma (hEC) cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from inner cell mass of human embryos at blastocyst stage, and can be induced to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers. hES cells offer the opportunity for in vitro production of multiple cell types for use in regenerative medicine. A key to unlocking this potential is development of methods for controlling gene expression and, consequently, cell differentiation. One tool that might be exploited is RNA interference (RNAi) to manipulate specific signalling pathways in a transient manner and so influence the selection of specific pathways of differentiation by a stem cell. To explore this possibility we used RNAi to determine whether the transcription factor, OCT4, is required to maintain the undifferentiated state of hEC, as well as hES cells and whether forced knockdown of OCT4 expression results in differentiation towards trophectoderm. This opens up the possibility of targeting genes known to play a role in pluripotency or malignancy, using RNAi technologies, in cancer therapy.
Download or read book Human Embryonic Stem Cells written by Arlene Chiu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-08 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of all the key issues in the use of human pluripotent stem cells for treating degenerative diseases or for replacing tissues lost from trauma. On the practical side, the topics range from the problems of deriving human embryonic stem cells and driving their differentiation along specific lineages, regulating their development into mature cells, and bringing stem cell therapy to clinical trials. Regulatory issues are addressed in discussions of the ethical debate surrounding the derivation of human embryonic stem cells and the current policies governing their use in the United States and abroad, including the rules and conditions regulating federal funding and questions of intellectual property.
Download or read book RNA Exosome written by Torben Heick Jensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of RNAs inside living cells is amazing. We have known of the more “classic” RNA species: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA for some time now, but in a steady stream new types of molecules are being described as it is becoming clear that most of the genomic information of cells ends up in RNA. To deal with the enormous load of resulting RNA processing and degradation reactions, cells need adequate and efficient molecular machines. The RNA exosome is arising as a major facilitator to this effect. Structural and functional data gathered over the last decade have illustrated the biochemical importance of this multimeric complex and its many co-factors, revealing its enormous regulatory power. By gathering some of the most prominent researchers in the exosome field, it is the aim of this volume to introduce this fascinating protein complex as well as to give a timely and rich account of its many functions. The exosome was discovered more than a decade ago by Phil Mitchell and David Tollervey by its ability to trim the 3’end of yeast, S. cerevisiae, 5. 8S rRNA. In a historic account they laid out the events surrounding this identification and the subsequent birth of the research field. In the chapter by Kurt Januszyk and Christopher Lima the structural organization of eukaryotic exosomes and their evolutionary counterparts in bacteria and archaea are discussed in large part through presentation of structures.
Download or read book Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine written by Carlos Simón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell science has the potential to impact human reproductive medicine significantly - cutting edge technologies allow the production and regeneration of viable gametes from human stem cells offering potential to preciously infertile patients. Written by leading experts in the field Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine brings together chapters on the genetics and epigenetics of both the male and female gametes as well as advice on the production and regeneration of gene cells in men and women, trophoblasts and endometrium from human embryonic and adult stem cells. Although focussing mainly on the practical elements of the use of stem cells in reproductive medicine, the book also contains a section on new developments in stem cell research. The book is essential reading for reproductive medicine clinicians, gynecologists and embryologists who want to keep abreast of practical developments in this rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Defining the Role of REST in Regulating Human Embryonic Stem Cell Fate written by Tasneem Koleilat and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the unique ability to undergo self-renewal and are pluripotent, which enables them to differentiate into all three germ layers. Harnessing these properties could result in significant therapeutic outcomes for repair or cell replacement in many disease settings. However, many hurdles remain prior to use of these cells in cell-based therapies including lack of understanding of what signals regulate pluripotency and how to maintain stability of hESCs. OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 are transcription factors that regulate multi-gene networks involved in control of cell fate decisions important for maintaining self-renewal and stability of hESCs. RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) is one of the direct targets of this network which is a well known transcriptional repressor. REST acts by binding to RE1 sites in greater than 1900 genes in the genome. The main role of REST is to act as a transcriptional repressor in nonneuronal cell types to repress neuronal differentiation. This repression has been shown in some but not all mouse embryonic stem cell studies, however, its role in hESCs is not clear. To examine the role of REST in hESCs, we have performed lentiviral mediated knockdown of REST (REST KD) in three different cell lines and we have evaluated the effects of the loss of REST on hESC self-renewal, differentiation, genetic stability. REST KD hESCs seem to exhibit enhanced self-renewal and the ablation of REST does not have an effect on the pluripotency of hESCs. We also found that three out of four hESC lines with REST KD were genetically unstable, whereas control hESC lines were karyotypically normal. To determine the gene networks involved in this instability, we have examined several candidate genes differentially expressed upon REST KD by performing qPCR of individual REST targets. Some of the genes that are consistently and significantly up-regulated include ATM, RTEL1, CDK4 and E2F1. These genes have been instigated as direct REST targets and most are up-regulated upon DNA damage which is consistent with our previous result of chromosomal instability upon ablation of REST. We were also interested in changes to the expression of lineage markers in embryoid bodies (EBs) from REST KD and control cells in order to examine the effects of the loss of REST on differentiation. Upon REST KD, hESC EBs exhibited a bias towards endoderm and mesendoderm lineage. Contrary to our expectations, there was a reduction in ectodermal cells upon REST KD. Since our results confirmed a endoderm/mesoderm bias in vitro we next examined the signaling pathways that may be involved in producing the aforementioned lineage commitment. Using protein and RNA analysis we have shown a slight reduction in pMEK and pSMAD upon REST KD indicating that REST may be involved in the MAPK pathway as well as the TGF pathway. In summary, our work has shown that REST is a regulator of hESC genetic stability. Elucidating the targets mis-regulated upon REST KD could shed light on the gene networks regulating instability and differentiation in pluripotent stem cell cultures. This could improve our ability to stably expand and differentiate hESCs for use in regenerative medicine.
Download or read book Stem Cell Biology written by Daniel R. Marshak and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells are the focus of intense interest from a growing, multidisciplinary community of investigators with new tools for isolating and characterizing these elusive cell types. This volume, which features contributions from many of the world's leading laboratories, provides a uniquely broad and authoritative basis for understanding the biology of stem cells and the current excitement about their potential for clinical exploitation. It is an essential work of reference for investigators in embryology, hematology, and neurobiology, and their potential for clinical exploitation. It is an essential work of reference for investigators in embryology, hematology, and neurobiology, and their collaborators in the emerging field of regenerative medicine.
Download or read book The Cell Biology of Stem Cells written by Eran Meshorer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.
Download or read book Perinatal Stem Cells written by Anthony Atala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perinatal Stem Cells provides researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive description of the current clinical and pre-clinical applications of stem cells derived from perinatal sources, such as amniotic fluid, placenta and placental membranes, the umbilical cord and Wharton’s jelly. It's compiled by leading experts in the field, offering readers detailed insights into sources of perinatal stem cells and their potential for disease treatment. Therapeutic applications of perinatal stem cells include the treatment of in utero and pregnancy related diseases, cardiac disease, liver disease, pulmonary disease, inflammatory diseases, for hematopoietic regeneration, and for neural protection after stroke or traumatic brain injury. In addition, the rapid advance in clinical translation and commercialization of perinatal stem cell therapies is highlighted in a section on Clinical and Industry Perspective which provides insight into the new opportunities and challenges involved in this novel and exciting industry. Explores current clinical and pre-clinical application of stem cells derived from perinatal sources Offers detailed insight into sources of perinatal stem cells and their potential for disease treatment Discusses progress in the manufacturing, banking and clinical translation of perinatal stem cells Edited by a world-renowned team to present a complete story of the development and promise of perinatal stem cells
Download or read book Transcription Factor Networks in Embryonic and Neural Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genome Binding and Gene Regulation by Stem Cell Transcription Factors written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly all cells of an individual organism contain the same genome. However, each cell type transcribes a different set of genes due to the presence of different sets of cell type-specific transcription factors. Such transcription factors bind to regulatory regions such as promoters and enhancers and regulate their activity in gene transcription. Transcription factors interact with each other and form tissue-specific transcription factor networks. Identification of genome binding and gene regulation by transcription factors will enhance our understanding of how transcription factors specify cell types. Chapter 1 serves as a general introduction into eukaryotic transcription regulation and describes the role of enhancers and transcription factors. Chapters 2 - 4 describe the experimental work of this thesis. Chapter 2 describes Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by Mass Spectrometry (ChIP-MS), a technique used to identify transcription factors and other genome binding proteins that bind to promoters, enhancers or heterochromatin. Chapter 2 specifically describes the genome-binding pattern of transcription- and pluripotency factor Dppa2, which we identify by ChIP-MS and ChIP-seq to bind to promoters outside the classical pluripotency network. Chapter 3 describes a transcription factor interaction network of over 200 proteins in neural stem cells, which was assembled by the identification of interaction partners of four mental disorder-associated transcription factors. Chapter 4 describes work on the genome-wide localization of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog in embryonic stem cells and investigates the genome localization of these transcription factors upon depletion of Oct4 or Sox2 from embryonic stem cells. The last chapter, Chapter 5, summarizes the results from Chapter 2-4 and provides additional discussion to these chapters, concerning its implications and future directions.
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression in Embryonic Stem Cells written by Johan Albert Schoorlemmer and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Mammalian Development written by Matthew H. Kaufman and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1983-10-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Self renewal and Pluripotency in Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Embryonal Carcinoma Cells written by Robbie Kerr and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of gene expression in embryonic stem cells written by Jon Schoorlemmer and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
