Download or read book Object Categorization written by Sven J. Dickinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-07 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique multidisciplinary perspective on the problem of visual object categorization.
Download or read book Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science written by Henri Cohen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-03 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science, Second Edition presents the study of categories and the process of categorization as viewed through the lens of the founding disciplines of the cognitive sciences, and how the study of categorization has long been at the core of each of these disciplines. The literature on categorization reveals there is a plethora of definitions, theories, models and methods to apprehend this central object of study. The contributions in this handbook reflect this diversity. For example, the notion of category is not uniform across these contributions, and there are multiple definitions of the notion of concept. Furthermore, the study of category and categorization is approached differently within each discipline. For some authors, the categories themselves constitute the object of study, whereas for others, it is the process of categorization, and for others still, it is the technical manipulation of large chunks of information. Finally, yet another contrast has to do with the biological versus artificial nature of agents or categorizers. - Defines notions of category and categorization - Discusses the nature of categories: discrete, vague, or other - Explores the modality effects on categories - Bridges the category divide - calling attention to the bridges that have already been built, and avenues for further cross-fertilization between disciplines
Download or read book Object Categories written by Pekka Harni and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finnish architect Pekka Harni runs a design and architecture practice in Helsinki together with industrial designer Yuka Takahashi. Their collaboration results in a variety of work, of which this book on the classification of objects is just one part. Based on a morphological-functional consideration of the properties of household objects, the study proposes to organise the forms of artefacts, determine the significance of their parts and explain the relationships between objects and the environment, thus describing their most important basic properties while exploring the realm of functional form.
Download or read book Object Categorization written by Axel Pinz and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article presents foundations, original research and trends in the field of object categorization by computer vision methods. The research goals in object categorization are to detect objects in images and to determine the object's categories. Categorization aims for the recognition of generic classes of objects, and thus has also been termed 'generic object recognition'. This is in contrast to the recognition of specific, individual objects. While humans are usually better in generic than in specific recognition, categorization is much harder to achieve for today's computer architectures.
Download or read book Building Object Categories in Developmental Time written by Lisa Gershkoff-Stowe and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-05-06 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a broad range of current research topics in category development. Its aim is to understand the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms that underlie category formation and how they change in developmental time. The chapters in this book are
Download or read book Toward Category Level Object Recognition written by Jean Ponce and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-01-25 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a post-event proceedings volume and contains selected papers based on presentations given, and vivid discussions held, during two workshops held in Taormina in 2003 and 2004. The 30 thoroughly revised papers presented are organized in the following topical sections: recognition of specific objects, recognition of object categories, recognition of object categories with geometric relations, and joint recognition and segmentation.
Download or read book How Humans Recognize Objects Segmentation Categorization and Individual Identification written by Chris Fields and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings experience a world of objects: bounded entities that occupy space and persist through time. Our actions are directed toward objects, and our language describes objects. We categorize objects into kinds that have different typical properties and behaviors. We regard some kinds of objects – each other, for example – as animate agents capable of independent experience and action, while we regard other kinds of objects as inert. We re-identify objects, immediately and without conscious deliberation, after days or even years of non-observation, and often following changes in the features, locations, or contexts of the objects being re-identified. Comparative, developmental and adult observations using a variety of approaches and methods have yielded a detailed understanding of object detection and recognition by the visual system and an advancing understanding of haptic and auditory information processing. Many fundamental questions, however, remain unanswered. What, for example, physically constitutes an “object”? How do specific, classically-characterizable object boundaries emerge from the physical dynamics described by quantum theory, and can this emergence process be described independently of any assumptions regarding the perceptual capabilities of observers? How are visual motion and feature information combined to create object information? How are the object trajectories that indicate persistence to human observers implemented, and how are these trajectory representations bound to feature representations? How, for example, are point-light walkers recognized as single objects? How are conflicts between trajectory-driven and feature-driven identifications of objects resolved, for example in multiple-object tracking situations? Are there separate “what” and “where” processing streams for haptic and auditory perception? Are there haptic and/or auditory equivalents of the visual object file? Are there equivalents of the visual object token? How are object-identification conflicts between different perceptual systems resolved? Is the common assumption that “persistent object” is a fundamental innate category justified? How does the ability to identify and categorize objects relate to the ability to name and describe them using language? How are features that an individual object had in the past but does not have currently represented? How are categorical constraints on how objects move or act represented, and how do such constraints influence categorization and the re-identification of individuals? How do human beings re-identify objects, including each other, as persistent individuals across changes in location, context and features, even after gaps in observation lasting months or years? How do human capabilities for object categorization and re-identification over time relate to those of other species, and how do human infants develop these capabilities? What can modeling approaches such as cognitive robotics tell us about the answers to these questions? Primary research reports, reviews, and hypothesis and theory papers addressing questions relevant to the understanding of perceptual object segmentation, categorization and individual identification at any scale and from any experimental or modeling perspective are solicited for this Research Topic. Papers that review particular sets of issues from multiple disciplinary perspectives or that advance integrative hypotheses or models that take data from multiple experimental approaches into account are especially encouraged.
Download or read book Enterprise Information Systems written by Joaquim Filipe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-04 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the collection of full papers accepted at the 11th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2009), organized by the Ins- tute for Systems and Technologies of Information Control and Communication (INSTICC) in cooperation with the Association for Advancement of Artificial Intel- gence (AAAI) and ACM SIGMIS (SIG on Management Information Systems), and technically co-sponsored by the Japanese IEICE SWIM (SIG on Software Interprise Modeling) and the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC). ICEIS 2009 was held in Milan, Italy. This conference has grown to become a - jor point of contact between research scientists, engineers and practitioners in the area of business applications of information systems. This year, five simultaneous tracks were held, covering different aspects related to enterprise computing, including: “- tabases and Information Systems Integration,” “Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems,” “Information Systems Analysis and Specification,” “Software Agents and Internet Computing” and “Human–Computer Interaction”. All tracks describe research work that is often oriented toward real-world applications and hi- light the benefits of information systems and technology for industry and services, thus making a bridge between academia and enterprise. ICEIS 2009 received 644 paper submissions from 70 countries in all continents; 81 papers were published and presented as full papers, i.e., completed research work (8 pages/30-minute oral presentation). Additional papers accepted at ICEIS, including short papers and posters, were published in the regular conference proceedings.
Download or read book Advances in Neural Networks ISNN 2010 written by James Kwok and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-20 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book and its sister volume constitute the proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2010, held in Shanghai, China, June 6-9, 2010. The 170 revised full papers of Part I and Part II were carefully selected from 591 submissions and focus on topics such as SVM and Kernel Methods, Vision and Image, Data Mining and Text Analysis, BCI and Brain Imaging and its applications. The first volume, Part I (LNCS 6063) covers the following topics: Neuropysiological Foundation, Theory and Models, Learning and Inference, and Nerodynamics.
Download or read book Representations and Techniques for 3D Object Recognition and Scene Interpretation written by Derek Santhanam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the grand challenges of artificial intelligence is to enable computers to interpret 3D scenes and objects from imagery. This book organizes and introduces major concepts in 3D scene and object representation and inference from still images, with a focus on recent efforts to fuse models of geometry and perspective with statistical machine learning. The book is organized into three sections: (1) Interpretation of Physical Space; (2) Recognition of 3D Objects; and (3) Integrated 3D Scene Interpretation. The first discusses representations of spatial layout and techniques to interpret physical scenes from images. The second section introduces representations for 3D object categories that account for the intrinsically 3D nature of objects and provide robustness to change in viewpoints. The third section discusses strategies to unite inference of scene geometry and object pose and identity into a coherent scene interpretation. Each section broadly surveys important ideas from cognitive science and artificial intelligence research, organizes and discusses key concepts and techniques from recent work in computer vision, and describes a few sample approaches in detail. Newcomers to computer vision will benefit from introductions to basic concepts, such as single-view geometry and image classification, while experts and novices alike may find inspiration from the book's organization and discussion of the most recent ideas in 3D scene understanding and 3D object recognition. Specific topics include: mathematics of perspective geometry; visual elements of the physical scene, structural 3D scene representations; techniques and features for image and region categorization; historical perspective, computational models, and datasets and machine learning techniques for 3D object recognition; inferences of geometrical attributes of objects, such as size and pose; and probabilistic and feature-passing approaches for contextual reasoning about 3D objects and scenes. Table of Contents: Background on 3D Scene Models / Single-view Geometry / Modeling the Physical Scene / Categorizing Images and Regions / Examples of 3D Scene Interpretation / Background on 3D Recognition / Modeling 3D Objects / Recognizing and Understanding 3D Objects / Examples of 2D 1/2 Layout Models / Reasoning about Objects and Scenes / Cascades of Classifiers / Conclusion and Future Directions
Download or read book Hierarchical Object Representations in the Visual Cortex and Computer Vision written by Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 40 years, neurobiology and computational neuroscience has proved that deeper understanding of visual processes in humans and non-human primates can lead to important advancements in computational perception theories and systems. One of the main difficulties that arises when designing automatic vision systems is developing a mechanism that can recognize - or simply find - an object when faced with all the possible variations that may occur in a natural scene, with the ease of the primate visual system. The area of the brain in primates that is dedicated at analyzing visual information is the visual cortex. The visual cortex performs a wide variety of complex tasks by means of simple operations. These seemingly simple operations are applied to several layers of neurons organized into a hierarchy, the layers representing increasingly complex, abstract intermediate processing stages. In this Research Topic we propose to bring together current efforts in neurophysiology and computer vision in order 1) To understand how the visual cortex encodes an object from a starting point where neurons respond to lines, bars or edges to the representation of an object at the top of the hierarchy that is invariant to illumination, size, location, viewpoint, rotation and robust to occlusions and clutter; and 2) How the design of automatic vision systems benefit from that knowledge to get closer to human accuracy, efficiency and robustness to variations.
Download or read book Natural Object Categorization and Non literal Word Use in Four year old Children written by Maxim Abelev and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perceiving Complex Objects written by Nina Gaißert and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Das wichtigste Werkzeug des Menschen sind seine Hande. Obwohl dieses Sprichwort schon sehr alt ist, ist nur wenig daruber bekannt, wie und was der Mensch wahrnimmt, wenn er Objekte in die Hand nimmt und betastet. Wie wird die ertastete Form eines Objektes im Gehirn abgespeichert? Ist die haptische Reprasentation ahnlich zu der, der visuellen Wahrnehmung? Entsteht sogar eine multisensorische, und somit gemeinsame, Reprasentation? Diese fundamentalen Fragen bilden den Hintergrund der vorliegenden Dissertation. Die hier dargestellten Experimente zeigen, dass der Mensch sehr ahnliche perzeptuelle Raume generiert, wenn komplexe Formen eines parametrisch definierten Objektraumes visuell oder haptisch exploriert werden. Um dies zu zeigen, wurde zuerst ein dreidimensionaler Objektraum muschelahnlicher Objekte generiert, welche in drei Formparametern variieren. Versuchspersonen wurden in den visuellen Versuchen Fotos oder virtuelle Rekonstruktionen der Objekte gezeigt, wahrend in den haptischen Versuchen 3D Plastikmodelle der Objekte, generiert mit einem 3D Drucker, mit verbundenen Augen betastet wurden. In einer ersten Reihe von Experimenten bewerteten die Versuchspersonen die Ahnlichkeit zweier, nacheinander gezeigter, Objekte. Mit diesen Ahnlichkeitsbewertungen und mit Hilfe des Verfahrens der multidimensionalen Skalierung wurden die perzeptuellen Raume beider Modalitaten visualisiert. Uberraschenderweise konnten die Versuchspersonen die Topologie des Objektraumes korrekt nachbilden, unabhangig davon, ob sie die Objekte gesehen oder betastet hatten. Weiterhin zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass der visuelle und der haptische perzeptuelle Raum fast identisch waren. Als nachstes wurden drei Kategorisierungsexperimente durchgefuhrt. Obwohl Kategorisierung allein durch den Tastsinn eher eine ungewohnliche Aufgabe ist, konnte sie genauso gut gelost werden, wie wenn die Versuchspersonen die Objekte sehen konnten. Anschliessend wurden die perzeptuellen Raume beider Modalitaten mit den Ergebnissen der Kategorisierungsexperimente verglichen. Fur alle Kategorisierungsexperimente und fur beide Modalitaten war die wahrgenommene Ahnlichkeit zwischen Objekten einer Kategorie hoher, als die Ahnlichkeit zweier Objekte aus unterschiedlichen Kategorien. Das heisst, dass, sowohl visuell als auch haptisch, Objekte in einer Kategorie zusammengruppiert wurden, die als sehr ahnlich wahrgenommen wurden.Um zu untersuchen, inwieweit die auf den computergenerierten Objekten basierenden Ergebnisse auf naturliche Objekte ubertragbar sind, wurde eine Sammlung von Muscheln und Salzwasserschnecken erstellt. Mit diesen wurden, wie oben beschrieben, Ahnlichkeitsbewertungen durchgefuhrt und mittels multidimensionaler Skalierung die perzeptuellen Raume visualisiert. Wiederum waren der visuelle und der haptische perzeptuelle Raum fast identisch. Interessanterweise konnte man in beiden Raumen eine Gruppenbildung erkennen, weshalb auch hier drei Kategorisierungsexperimente durchgefuhrt wurden. Obwohl die Muscheln in einer Vielzahl an Objektmerkmalen variierten, z.B. Form, Farbe, Muster etc., konnten die Versuchspersonen diese Aufgabe ohne Muhe losen, auch wenn sie die Objekte nur betasten durften. Zusatzlich konnte die Gruppenbildung, die schon in den perzeptuellen Raumen erkennbar war, die Kategorisierungsergebnisse richtig vorhersagen.Zusammengenommen weisen diese Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die visuelle und die haptische Reprasentation von Objekten sehr eng miteinander verknupft sein mussen. Zusatzlich liefern die Experimente Hinweise darauf, dass die gleichen Prozesse genutzt werden, wenn Ahnlichkeiten zwischen Objekten wahrgenommen werden, oder Objekte kategorisiert werden, egal ob die Objekte visuell oder haptisch exploriert werden.
Download or read book Early Category and Concept Development Making Sense of the Blooming Buzzing Confusion written by David H. Rakison Assistant Professor of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2003-01-09 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether or not infants' earliest perception of the world is a "blooming, buzzing, confusion," it is not long before they come to perceive structure and order among the objects and events around them. At the core of this process, and cognitive development in general, is the ability to categorize--to group events, objects, or properties together--and to form mental representations, or concepts, that encapsulate the commonalities and structure of these categories. Categorization is the primary means of coding experience, underlying not only perceptual and reasoning processes, but also inductive inference and language. The aim of this book is to bring together the most recent findings and theories about the origins and early development of categorization and conceptual abilities. Despite recent advances in our understanding of this area, a number of hotly debated issues remain at the center of the controversy over categorization. Researchers continue to ask questions such as: Which mechanisms for categorization are available at birth and which emerge later? What are the relative roles of perceptual similarity and nonobservable properties in early classification? What is the role of contextual variation in categorization by infants and children? Do different experimental procedures reveal the same kind of knowledge? Can computational models simulate infant and child categorization? How do computational models inform behavioral research? What is the impact of language on category development? How does language partition the world? This book is the first to address these and other key cuestions within a single volume. The authors present a diverse set of views representing cutting-edge empirical and theoretical advances in the field. The result is a thorough review of empirical contributions to the literature, and a wealth of fresh theoretical perspectives on early categorization.
Download or read book Sociomateriality in Children with Typical and or Atypical Development written by Antonio Iannaccone and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What can simple brains teach us about how vision works written by Davide Zoccolan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision is the process of extracting behaviorally-relevant information from patterns of light that fall on retina as the eyes sample the outside world. Traditionally, nonhuman primates (macaque monkeys, in particular) have been viewed by many as the animal model-of-choice for investigating the neuronal substrates of visual processing, not only because their visual systems closely mirror our own, but also because it is often assumed that “simpler” brains lack advanced visual processing machinery. However, this narrow view of visual neuroscience ignores the fact that vision is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, enabling a wide repertoire of complex behaviors in species from insects to birds, fish, and mammals. Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in alternative animal models for vision research, especially rodents. This resurgence is partly due to the availability of increasingly powerful experimental approaches (e.g., optogenetics and two-photon imaging) that are challenging to apply to their full potential in primates. Meanwhile, even more phylogenetically distant species such as birds, fish, and insects have long been workhorse animal models for gaining insight into the core computations underlying visual processing. In many cases, these animal models are valuable precisely because their visual systems are simpler than the primate visual system. Simpler systems are often easier to understand, and studying a diversity of neuronal systems that achieve similar functions can focus attention on those computational principles that are universal and essential. This Research Topic provides a survey of the state of the art in the use of animal models of visual functions that are alternative to macaques. It includes original research, methods articles, reviews, and opinions that exploit a variety of animal models (including rodents, birds, fishes and insects, as well as small New World monkey, the marmoset) to investigate visual function. The experimental approaches covered by these studies range from psychophysics and electrophysiology to histology and genetics, testifying to the richness and depth of visual neuroscience in non-macaque species.
Download or read book Early Category and Concept Development written by David H. Rakison and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether or not infants' earliest perception of the world is a "blooming, buzzing, confusion," it is not long before they come to perceive structure and order among the objects and events around them. At the core of this process, and cognitive development in general, is the ability to categorize--to group events, objects, or properties together--and to form mental representations, or concepts, that encapsulate the commonalities and structure of these categories. Categorization is the primary means of coding experience, underlying not only perceptual and reasoning processes, but also inductive inference and language. The aim of this book is to bring together the most recent findings and theories about the origins and early development of categorization and conceptual abilities. Despite recent advances in our understanding of this area, a number of hotly debated issues remain at the center of the controversy over categorization. Researchers continue to ask questions such as: Which mechanisms for categorization are available at birth and which emerge later? What are the relative roles of perceptual similarity and nonobservable properties in early classification? What is the role of contextual variation in categorization by infants and children? Do different experimental procedures reveal the same kind of knowledge? Can computational models simulate infant and child categorization? How do computational models inform behavioral research? What is the impact of language on category development? How does language partition the world? This book is the first to address these and other key questions within a single volume. The authors present a diverse set of views representing cutting-edge empirical and theoretical advances in the field. The result is a thorough review of empirical contributions to the literature, and a wealth of fresh theoretical perspectives on early categorization.
