Download or read book Ecological Niches written by Jonathan M. Chase and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do species live where they live? What determines the abundance and diversity of species in a given area? What role do species play in the functioning of entire ecosystems? All of these questions share a single core concept—the ecological niche. Although the niche concept has fallen into disfavor among ecologists in recent years, Jonathan M. Chase and Mathew A. Leibold argue that the niche is an ideal tool with which to unify disparate research and theoretical approaches in contemporary ecology. Chase and Leibold define the niche as including both what an organism needs from its environment and how that organism's activities shape its environment. Drawing on the theory of consumer-resource interactions, as well as its graphical analysis, they develop a framework for understanding niches that is flexible enough to include a variety of small- and large-scale processes, from resource competition, predation, and stress to community structure, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. Chase and Leibold's synthetic approach will interest ecologists from a wide range of subdisciplines.

Download or read book Nutrient Niches written by Paul Alvarado Lenhart and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how diversity is maintained is a classic question in ecology. A diverse group of organisms can often be found utilizing the same resource. For example, in grasslands there are communities of grasshoppers containing many generalist species with overlapping diets that are likely competing for resources. To explore how species that overlap in host plant use can coexist, I investigated a recent hypothesis in nutritional ecology that species-specific macronutrient requirements in generalist insect herbivores could represent different nutrient niches. As a model system I used a community of grasshoppers in Central Texas. First, I surveyed variation in plant macronutrient content and compared this data to the grasshopper community. By assaying levels of digestible protein and carbohydrate in abundant forbs and grasses at different sites, I produced a 'nutrient landscape' available to foraging herbivores and found significant correlations between plant nutrients and grasshopper abundance. To further explore the role of plant macronutrient shifts in controlling grasshopper populations, I manipulated water availability in plots of grassland during a severe drought. Total grasshopper density and diversity were lower in water-stressed plots despite previous observations of drought-induced outbreaks. The effect of water stressed plants on grasshoppers depended on their diet, and how different plant groups responded to water stress. I then compared host plant use to macronutrient requirements among 11 dominant grasshopper species. I found differences associated with functional diet groupings. I also found intake differences among mixed-feeders with highly overlapping diets, which could potentially represent nutrient niches. Finally, I tested the nutrient niche hypothesis in a greenhouse competition experiment using three species of generalist grasshoppers with overlapping diets. I found mixed support for the nutrient niche hypothesis. Body size was more important for predicting competitive outcomes. Understanding community-wide patterns of nutrient regulation in insect herbivores is in its infancy. While the plant nutrient landscape plays a large role in consumer populations, we are far from understanding how species-specific nutrient regulation differences might impact communities. Perhaps the potential effects of nutrient intake differences are inconsequential next to other ecological factors. Future comparative studies should determine what evolutionary factors shape nutrient requirements. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152808

Download or read book Food Webs and Niche Space MPB 11 Volume 11 written by Joel E. Cohen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the minimum dimension of a niche space necessary to represent the overlaps among observed niches? This book presents a new technique for obtaining a partial answer to this elementary question about niche space. The author bases his technique on a relation between the combinatorial structure of food webs and the mathematical theory of interval graphs. Professor Cohen collects more than thirty food webs from the ecological literature and analyzes their statistical and combinatorial properties in detail. As a result, he is able to generalize: within habitats of a certain limited physical and temporal heterogeneity, the overlaps among niches, along their trophic (feeding) dimensions, can be represented in a one-dimensional niche space far more often than would be expected by chance alone and perhaps always. This compatibility has not previously been noticed. It indicates that real food webs fall in a small subset of the mathematically possible food webs. Professor Cohen discusses other apparently new features of real food webs, including the constant ratio of the number of kinds of prey to the number of kinds of predators in food webs that describe a community. In conclusion he discusses possible extensions and limitations of his results and suggests directions for future research.

Download or read book Big Book of Blog Niches written by Dennis DeLaurier and published by Dennis DeLaurier. This book was released on 2024-03-24 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About If you are an old or new Blogger, you may be looking for ideas for your next Blog. If you are a new Blogger there is always that Brain Freeze that comes with starting. Below are a BIG BUNCH of some ideas that may help. I hope all the ideas below are helpful Dennis DeLaurier Author

Download or read book Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches written by Susie Nilsson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches, Volume Seven highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Stem Cells and their Niches series

Download or read book Ecology of Climate Change written by Eric Post and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-11 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising temperatures are affecting organisms in all of Earth's biomes, but the complexity of ecological responses to climate change has hampered the development of a conceptually unified treatment of them. In a remarkably comprehensive synthesis, this book presents past, ongoing, and future ecological responses to climate change in the context of two simplifying hypotheses, facilitation and interference, arguing that biotic interactions may be the primary driver of ecological responses to climate change across all levels of biological organization. Eric Post's synthesis and analyses of ecological consequences of climate change extend from the Late Pleistocene to the present, and through the next century of projected warming. His investigation is grounded in classic themes of enduring interest in ecology, but developed around novel conceptual and mathematical models of observed and predicted dynamics. Using stability theory as a recurring theme, Post argues that the magnitude of climatic variability may be just as important as the magnitude and direction of change in determining whether populations, communities, and species persist. He urges a more refined consideration of species interactions, emphasizing important distinctions between lateral and vertical interactions and their disparate roles in shaping responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to climate change.

Download or read book The Ekistics of Animal and Human Conflict written by Rishi Dev and published by Copal Publishing Group. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban wildlife management is a town planning subject. It is logical and important to relate the animal and human conflict seen all over the world, as a phenomenon which is applicable to all types of human settlements, despite the diversities and complexities of cultures, societal structures, laws, value systems, religions and so on. A universal principle or theory governs and applies to all cities which define these conditions and phenomena creating the conflict or coexistence. This book investigates the niches of one of the key urban animals from a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspective and explores how these niches are naturally synonymous to similar patterns, structures and compositions within human settlements. It explores and defines the demographic patterns, thresholds and phenomenon, which leads to formation of the different levels and extremes of interaction between the species. This forms a paradigm which classifies this conflict within the various disciplines and frameworks of urban ecology. The focus is primarily on urban dogs, it being a keystone species, but is later related with other urban animals as well. The premise for this approach is that history has shown how certain species have persuasively coexisted with humans for so many millennia, yet a conflict happens between animals and humans and within humans over animals. It is thus logical to believe that the forces which create this conflict cannot solely be natural to the species in question and have to come from outside – from the settlement patterns of both species and the “net resultant force and dynamics”. The book looks at these dichotomies in four distinct but interrelated ways. It delves deep inside four niches which form the dynamics of any settlement – spatial, cultural, ecological and economic and explores all scales at which the “succession” and evolution of animals take place in highly urbanized settlements.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Microbiology written by Thomas M. Schmidt and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 3248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Fourth Edition, Five Volume Set gathers both basic and applied dimensions in this dynamic field that includes virtually all environments on Earth. This range attracts a growing number of cross-disciplinary studies, which the encyclopedia makes available to readers from diverse educational backgrounds. The new edition builds on the solid foundation established in earlier versions, adding new material that reflects recent advances in the field. New focus areas include `Animal and Plant Microbiomes’ and ‘Global Impact of Microbes`. The thematic organization of the work allows users to focus on specific areas, e.g., for didactical purposes, while also browsing for topics in different areas. Offers an up-to-date and authoritative resource that covers the entire field of microbiology, from basic principles, to applied technologies Provides an organic overview that is useful to academic teachers and scientists from different backgrounds Includes chapters that are enriched with figures and graphs, and that can be easily consulted in isolation to find fundamental definitions and concepts

Download or read book Microbiomes of Soils Plants and Animals written by Rachael E. Antwis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative, holistic synthesis of microbiome research, spanning soil, plant, animal and human hosts.

Download or read book Nutrient Interactions in Plants written by Francisco Javier Romera and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The American Naturalist written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Intestinal Stem Cell Niche written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Stem Cells and Their Niches addresses stem cells during development, homeostasis, and disease/injury of the respective organs, presenting new developments in the field, including new data on disease and clinical applications. Video content illustrates such areas as protocols, transplantation techniques, and work with mice. Explores not only reviews of research, but also shares methods, protocols, and transplantation techniques Contains video content to illustrate such areas as protocols, transplantation techniques, and work with mice Each volume concentrates on one organ, making this a unique publication

Download or read book Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Therapeutic Aspects written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 4078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book, which is the second volume of Targeting Oxidative Stress in Cancer, explores oxidative stress as the potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The initial chapters discuss the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and its effects on different signaling pathways. Subsequently, the sections examine the impact of redox signaling on tumor cell proliferation and consider the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals and nutraceuticals in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cancer. In turn, it examines the evidence supporting the use of Vitamin C in cancer management, before presenting various synthetic and natural compounds that have therapeutic implications for oxidative stress-induced cancer. It also explores the correlation between non-coding RNA and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the book summarizes the role of stem cells in ROS-induced cancer therapy and reviews the therapeutic applications of nanoparticles to alter redox haemostasis in cancer cells. Lastly, it explores heat-shock proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and probiotics as potential therapeutic agents in ROS-mediated cancer. This book is a useful resource for basic and translational scientists as well as clinicians interested in the field of oxidative stress and cancer therapy. ​

Download or read book The Origin of Life written by Raymond Aron and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical biology is still in its early stages as an academic discipline. There is even little agreement as to what topics it should deal with or in what manner it should precede; and it is only recently that philosophers felt called upon to notice the relevance of biological topics as evolution or perception to their traditional problems. This work is a publication of the International Union of Biological Sciences, the central organization of all the branches of biology. The main focus here is to explore the possibility of formulating some frame of concepts and methods around which theoretical biology can grow.The intention of this collective effort was that discussions would be concerned, not with the theory of particular biological processes, such as membrane permeability, genetics, and neural activity, but rather with an attempt to discover and formulate general concepts and logical relations characteristic of living as contrasted with inorganic systems. Further, this project is a consideration of implications these might have for general philosophy. Many well-known scientists contributed to this volume, such as J. Maynard Smith, Ernst Mayr, Brian Goodwin, and Renu Thom.The Origin of Life: Toward a Theoretical Biology explores the character of the problems facing any theory of general biology. It contains a series of chapters and exchanges discussing such topics as the origin of life, cellular differentiation, morphogensis, evolution, and indeterminacy in biological and physical systems, the organization of the brain, the statistical mechanics of non-linear oscillators, and many other topics. This is a pioneering volume by recognized leaders in an emerging field the first of four such works.

Download or read book Immune pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory diseases written by Xia Xiong and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-02 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perennial Crops for Food Security written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents the latest research in perennial crop breeding and programmes, and provides direction on where the field of perennial crop is heading. Many production systems and agricultural practices are no longer sustainable today as their effects on soils, water, biodiversity, and livelihood are significant. Mainstreaming the use of perennial crops into current practices can contribute to stabilize fragile soils and maintain natural processes essential to obtain stable and high yields. To face the challenges and risks of the twenty-first century, increasing the perenniality of crops and agricultural systems should become a larger research, development and policy focus.

Download or read book Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches written by Ajaykumar Vishwakarma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches covers a wide spectrum of research and current knowledge on embryonic and adult stem cell niches, focusing on the understanding of stem cell niche molecules and signaling mechanisms, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. The book comprehensively reviews factors regulating stem cell behavior and the corresponding approaches for understanding the subsequent effect of providing the proper matrix molecules, mechanical cues, and/or chemical cues. It encompasses a variety of tools and techniques for developing biomaterials-based methods to model synthetic stem cell niches in vivo, or to enhance and direct stem cell fate in vitro. A final section of the book discusses stem cell niche bioengineering strategies and current advances in each tissue type. Includes the importance of Cell-Cell and Cell Matrix Interactions in each specific tissue and system Authored and edited by authorities in this emerging and multidisciplinary field Includes valuable links to 5-10 minute YouTube© author videos that describe main points