Download or read book Numerical Study on the Sooting Tendencies of Bio derived Fuels for Spark ignition Engines written by Yuan Xuan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While more efficient vehicles have been developed over the decades, their performance is limited by the properties of existing fuels. In response, the Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines Initiative (Co-Optima) under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a rigorous screening approach to identify the most promising biomass-derived blendstocks that are suitable for advanced spark-ignition (SI) engines. A detailed kinetic model has also been developed to predict the combustion properties of the selected blendstocks. This kinetic model has been designed mainly targeting ignition and flame propagation properties, and it has not previously been validated for soot formation. In this work, we numerically predicted the sooting tendency of 20 Co-Optima SI blendstocks using the Co-Optima kinetic model. The sooting tendencies are determined quantitatively using the Yield Sooting Index (YSI) methodology. As shown in Fig. 1, the predicted YSIs show good agreement with measurements, except for 2,5-dimethylfuran. We also quantify the sensitivity of the YSI predictions to aromatic growth reactions and fuel decomposition reactions of the test fuels. It is found that PAH growth reactions have little impact on YSIs for all 20 fuels under investigation. On the other hand, fuel decomposition reactions have a significant influence on the YSI of 2,5-dimethylfuran. Perturbing their reaction rates by a factor of two is shown to lead to 11 % YSI prediction uncertainty.
Download or read book Multi scale Modeling of High temperature Chemistry and Soot Formation of Bio fuels written by Hyunguk Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot refers to carbonaceous particles that have negative impacts on the environment and human health. To intelligently manage ongoing changes in fuel composition, there is an expanding interest in quantifying chemical propensity to form soot from different fuel compounds, ranging from traditional fuels to more sustainable alternative fuels. The overarching objective of this thesis is thus to develop multi-scale modeling combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and ReaxFF reactive force field based molecular dynamics (MD) that can determine the yield-based sooting tendency of a fuel and identify the chemical reactions leading to soot formation. The Yield Sooting Index (YSI) measured in a fuel-doped methane/air coflow diffusion flame is chosen as the specific sooting tendency metric in this thesis. For fuels with well-known combustion chemistry, CFD simulation combined with a kinetic model is performed to complement the YSI methodology. To calculate YSIs efficiently, a 1D flamelet-based YSI simulation approach is employed. The CFD of reacting flows specifically deals with two research topics. First, the pressure-dependence of YSI is investigated to identify the applicability of the YSI methodology at elevated pressures. Second, the YSIs of a large number of biofuels with complex chemistry are predicted using 1D flamlet-based YSI simulation combined with a large kinetic model. Detailed 2D CFD simulations are difficult to achieve this due to their very high computational cost. A new sensitivity analysis developed in this thesis is applied to quantify the impact of kinetic parameter uncertainties on YSI predictions. For advanced biofuels with poorly-known chemical kinetics and no associated existing kinetic models, the kinetic-based CFD simulation is not applicable. Therefore, we develop a ReaxFF reactive force field based MD simulation framework to study sooting tendencies of biofuels both quantitatively and qualitatively. For aromatic fuels, we develop a unique ReaxFF MD simulation framework that can quantitatively predict yield-based sooting tendencies, and this framework is applied to toluene and phenol as a proof-of-concept. For non-aromatic fuels, this thesis presents the methodology to study the sooting tendencies qualitatively. Polycyclic alkanes and alkyl-substituted 1,3-dioxolanes recently synthesized as potential jet-fuels and biodiesels, respectively, are specifically studied, since very little effort has been made on their combustion chemistry and sooting tendency. The findings and methodologies provided in this thesis will help to accelerate the introduction of low soot emitting advanced combustion fuels.
Download or read book Application of Clean Fuels in Combustion Engines written by Gabriele Di Blasio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the impact of fuels characteristics and their effects on the combustion processes in internal combustion engines. It includes the analysis of a variety of biofuels (alcohol fuels and biodiesel) and biogases (natural gas, hydrogen, etc.), providing valuable information related to consequent effects on performance and emissions. The contents focus on recent results and current trends of fuel utilization in the transport sector. State-of-the-art of clean fuels application are also discussed. Thighs book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.
Download or read book A Quasi Dimensional SI Burn Rate Model for Carbon Neutral Fuels written by Sebastian Hann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sebastian Hann describes the development of a quasi-dimensional burn rate model that enables the prediction of a fuel variation, without the need for a recalibration of the model. The model is valid for spark-ignition combustion engines powered by conventional and carbon-neutral fuels. Its high predictive ability was achieved by modeling the fuel-dependent laminar flame speed based on reaction kinetics calculations. In addition, the author discards a fuel influence on flame wrinkling by performing an engine measurement data analysis. He investigates the fuel influence on engine knock and models it via ignition delay times obtained from reaction kinetics calculations.
Download or read book Predicting Sooting Tendencies from Chemical Structure with Experimental and Theoretical Insight written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate matter (PM) emissions from internal combustion engines negatively impact public health and global climate. These problems are exacerbated by newer gasoline direct injection engines, which are more fuel-efficient, but also produce more soot than traditional spark ignited engines. Reducing soot formation is therefore of paramount importance in the development of new fuels. A fuel's sooting tendency is a quantitative parameter that describes the sooting behavior of a pure compound or fuel mixture. The yield sooting index (YSI), developed by McEnally and Pfefferle, accurately measures sooting tendencies using small sample quantities. Using an experimental sooting tendency database, we have developed a predictive model for sooting behavior from a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). It was developed so that input molecules are first decomposed into individual carbon-type fragments for which the sooting tendency contribution can be assigned based on a Bayesian linear regression against the experimental database. The model's predictive accuracy is comparable to its training performance using leave-one-out cross-validation. We have used this model to provide quantitative insights into the effects of chemical structure on soot formation, but excitingly, we have also been able to readily identify the presence of more complicated kinetic sooting mechanisms for structures which are extreme outliers. Oxygenated aromatics can be produced readily from biomass as renewable sources and oxygenated aromatics with very similar structures tend to have a much lower sooting tendency, for example methoxybenzene (anisole, 107), 2-methylphenol (m-cresol, 103), 2-ethylphenol (120), 3-ethylphenol (138) and 1-phenylethanol (142). Thus, the presence of just one oxygen atom in an aromatic compound can drastically alter the reaction pathways leading to soot precursors. We have applied density functional theory (DFT) calculations and flow reactor experiments to examine how oxygenation alters reaction pathways in a combustion environment. This study has allowed us to gain understanding on how the location of an oxygenated functional group influences soot formation. Our work provides a blueprint for the design of oxygenated fuels from biomass, which minimize the production of soot in low oxygen environments.
Download or read book Finite Physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics 1 written by Michel Feidt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-08-28 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy and the environment are inextricably linked to the economy. Thermodynamics therefore seems to be a privileged tool in overcoming the constraints associated with optimization.This first volume reports on an original, contemporary approach leading to optimal solutions in the form of trend models, proving the existence of solutions which can then be refined in a more complete and sophisticated manner.The validation of the proposed methodology is realized through real-life examples (engines, heat pumps, refrigeration systems, etc.). However, the more fundamental aspects linked to the dynamics of the transfer and conversion of energy and matter are also explored, as well as the evolution which characterizes the second law of thermodynamics.This book presents recent advances, often still undergoing research, as well as structured exercises, and is therefore aimed at both students and researchers in the field of energetics. It proposes a view of the evolution of knowledge regarding the thermodynamics modeling of systems and processes It shows results and also the existence of optimum all and along the development It focuses on multidisciplinary approach that characterizes thermodynamics
Download or read book Numerical Study of Air fuel Mixing in Direct injection Spark ignition and Diesel Engines written by Zhiyu Han and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Literature Abstracts written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combustion and Performance Study of Spark Ignition Engine Using Bio ethanol as an Alternative Fuel written by Muhammad Faiz Auspan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Their Utilization Strategies in Internal Combustion Engines written by Akhilendra Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers alternative fuels and their utilization strategies in internal combustion engines. The main objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the production and utilization aspects of different types of liquid and gaseous alternative fuels. In the last few years, methanol and DME have gained significant attention of the energy sector, because of their capability to be utilized in different types of engines. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers alike.
Download or read book Introduction to Hydrogen Technology written by K. S. V. Santhanam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the field of hydrogen technology and explains the basic chemistry underlying promising and innovative new technologies This new and completely updated edition of Introduction to Hydrogen Technology explains, at an introductory level, the scientific and technical aspects of hydrogen technology. It incorporates information on the latest developments and the current research in the field, including: new techniques for isolating and storing hydrogen, usage as a fuel for automobiles, residential power systems, mobile power systems, and space applications. Introduction to Hydrogen Technology, Second Edition features classroom-tested exercises and sample problems. It details new economical methods for isolating the pure hydrogen molecule. These less expensive methods help make hydrogen fuel a very viable alternative to petroleum-based energy. The book also adds a new chapter on hydrogen production and batteries. It also provides in-depth coverage of the many technical hurdles in hydrogen storage. The developments in fuel cells since the last edition has been updated. Offers new chapters on hydrogen production, storage, and batteries Features new sections on advanced hydrogen systems, new membranes, greenhouse gas sensors and updated technologies involving solar and wind energies Includes problems at the end of the Chapters, as well as solutions for adopters This book is an introduction to hydrogen technology for students who have taken at least one course in general chemistry and calculus; it will also be a resource book for scientists and researchers working in hydrogen-based technologies, as well as anyone interested in sustainable energy.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book MILD Combustion Modelling Challenges Experimental Configurations and Diagnostic Tools written by Alessandro Parente and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biofuels from Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Michael Boot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in combustion technology, this is a unique and refreshing perspective on the current biofuel discussion, presenting the latest research in this important field. The emphasis throughout this reference is on applications, industrial perspectives and economics, focusing on new classes of biofuels such as butanols, levulinates, benzenoids and others. Clearly structured, each chapter presents a new class of biofuel and discusses such topics as production pathways, fuel properties and its impact on engines. The result is a fascinating, user-oriented overview of new classes of biofuels beyond bioethanol.
Download or read book Renewable Fuels written by Jacqueline O'Connor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on a critical aspect of the future clean energy system - renewable fuels - this book will be your complete guide on how these fuels are manufactured, the considerations associated with utilising them, and their real-world applications. Written by experts across the field, the book presents many professional perspectives, providing an in-depth understanding of this crucial topic. Clearly explained and organised into four key parts, this book explores the technical aspects written in an accessible way. First, it discusses the dominant energy conversion approaches and the impact that fuel properties have on system operability. Part II outlines the chemical carrier options available for these conversion devices, including gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels. In the third part, it describes the physics and chemistry of combustion, revealing the issues associated with utilizing these fuels. Finally, Part IV presents real-world case studies, demonstrating the successful pathways towards a net-zero carbon future.
Download or read book Integrated Biorefineries written by Paul R. Stuart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Biorefineries: Design, Analysis, and Optimization examines how to create a competitive edge in biorefinery innovation through integration into existing processes and infrastructure. Leading experts from around the world working in design, synthesis, and optimization of integrated biorefineries present the various aspects of this complex
Download or read book Engines and Fuels for Future Transport written by Gautam Kalghatgi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on clean transport and mobility essential to the modern world. It discusses internal combustion engines (ICEs) and alternatives like battery electric vehicles (BEVs) which are growing fast. Alternatives to ICEs start from a very low base and face formidable environmental, material availability, and economic challenges to unlimited and rapid growth. Hence ICEs will continue to be the main power source for transport for decades to come and have to be continuously improved to improve transport sustainability. The book highlights the need to assess proposed changes in the existing transport system on a life cycle basis. The volume includes chapters discussing the challenges faced by ICEs as well as chapters on novel fuels and fuel/ engine interactions which help in this quest to improve the efficiency of ICE and reduce exhaust pollutants. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry alike.
