Download or read book Numerical Simulations of Nonlinear Internal Waves in the South China Sea written by Zhonghua Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field observations and satellite imagery have demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of internal waves, and substantial evidence indicates that they play a significant role in nutrient transport, energy distribution and mixing throughout the world's oceans. As a result, internal waves have attracted a great deal of interest in the past few decades. However, because of the complex nature of internal waves, particularly in regard to their nonlinear and nonhydrostatic characteristics, basic properties of internal waves still lack satisfactory explanation, including how they are generated, how they propagate, and how they dissipate their energy in the open ocean and on continental margins. To obtain a better understanding of internal waves, we use SUNTANS, a three-dimensional, unstructured-grid, nonhydrostatic Navier-Stokes code, to simulate internal waves in the South China Sea (SCS), where extremely large-amplitude internal waves have been observed. To capture the nonlinear features of internal waves, a total variation diminishing method has been developed to accurately solve the three-dimensional scalar transport equation with unstructured grids in SUNTANS. Taking advantage of this scheme, we employ both two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations with idealized and real bathymetry and perform detailed analyses of internal wave energetics and dynamics to understand how they are generated in the SCS and how they evolve into trains of weakly nonlinear solitary-like waves. The simulation results indicate that nonlinear internal waves in the SCS are generated by strong barotropic flow over complex topography at a ridge on the eastern edge of the Luzon Strait, which connects the eastern boundary of the SCS to the Pacific Ocean. Idealized two-dimensional simulations show that the internal Froude number over the topography, or the ratio of the barotropic currents to the first-mode internal wave speed, can be the most important parameter governing the generation with a strong effect both on the amplitude of the generated waves and the phase in the barotropic tide at which internal waves are generated. For low-Froude number generation, linear first-mode waves are always generated at the end of the ebb tide, and increasing the Froude number causes waves to be generated earlier given the flow is subcritical. However, because the internal Froude number in the SCS is small, the three-dimensional simulations with real topography and stratification indicate that the excursion parameter, which is the ratio of the tidal excursion to the topographic scale, is the most important parameter governing the generation mechanism. With small tidal excursion parameters in the SCS, the well-known A and B waves are both likely generated by the internal tide mechanism. The A waves evolve from the formation of diurnal internal tidal beams at critical topography along the eastern ridge of the two ridge-system in the southern portion of the Luzon Strait. The B waves, on the other hand, are generated due to the formation of internal tides resulting from semidiurnal barotropic currents along the eastern ridge in the northern portion of the Luzon Strait. An analysis of the energetics indicates that half of the baroclinic or internal tidal energy dissipates locally over the ridge within the Strait, while the other half radiates away from the generation site and into the SCS basin. As the waves propagate across the SCS basin, they develop into trains of rank-ordered solitary-like internal waves under the effects of nonlinear steepening and nonhydrostatic dispersion. Because it employs the nonhydrostatic pressure, the SUNTANS model accurately captures these effects as well as the complex processes of wave diffraction, refraction, and wave-wave interaction on the continental shelf at the western edge of the SCS.
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Internal Wave Evolution Along the Asian Seas International Acoustics EXperiment Transect in the South China Sea written by Jennifer Ann-Louise Draher and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A numerical simulation of internal wave evolution in the South China Sea was created using SUNTANS. The model successfully demonstrated the formation and dissipation of internal waves at a tidal frequency from a fully barotropic tidal input. The model was unable to replicate the transition of a diurnal dominated flow in the deeper regions of the domain to a semidiurnal dominated flow in the shallow regions. Of the two scenarios, the model most accurately predicted velocities produced by a semidiurnal dominated flow with a fit of 1.15 and an index of agreement of 0.73 compared to the diurnal dominated flow with a fit of 0.67 and index of agreement of 0.61. Analysis of breaking dynamics shows that there is a high potential for wave breaking within the shelf region near a depth of 100 m. Critical and supercritical slopes contribute to increased bottom stresses and energy reflection, with areas of low Richardson numbers and high Froude numbers indicating a presence of turbulence and overturning. Spectral analysis reveals shoaling and sudden energy dissipation of the M2 tidal component. Energy is seen to transmit into secondary tidal frequencies as well as unidentified frequencies.
Download or read book Nonlinear Internal Waves in the South China Sea During ASIAEX written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Water Waves written by Qingwei Ma and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1. Model for fully nonlinear ocean wave simulations derived using Fourier inversion of integral equations in 3D / J. Grue and D. Fructus -- ch. 2. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the dynamics of rogue waves under wind action / J. Touboul and C. Kharif -- ch. 3. Progress in fully nonlinear potential flow modeling of 3D extreme ocean waves / S.T. Grilli [und weitere] -- ch. 4. Time domain simulation of nonlinear water waves using spectral methods / F. Bonnefoy [und weitere] -- ch. 5. QALE-FEM method and its application to the simulation of free-responses of floating bodies and overturning waves / Q.W. Ma and S. Yan -- ch. 6. Velocity calculation methods in finite element based MEL formulation / V. Sriram, S.A. Sannasiraj and V. Sundar -- ch. 7. High-order Boussinesq-type modelling of nonlinear wave phenomena in deep and shallow water / P.A. Madsen and D.R. Fuhrman -- ch. 8. Inter-comparisons of different forms of higher-order Boussinesq equations / Z.L. Zou, K.Z. Fang and Z.B. Liu -- ch. 9. Method of fundamental solutions for fully nonlinear water waves / D.-L. Young, N.-J. Wu and T.-K. Tsay -- ch. 10. Application of the finite volume method to the simulation of nonlinear water waves / D. Greaves -- ch. 11. Developments in multi-fluid finite volume free surface capturing method / D.M. Causon, C.G. Mingham and L. Qian -- ch. 12. Numerical computation methods for strongly nonlinear wave-body interactions / M. Kashiwagi, C. Hu and M. Sueyoshi -- ch. 13. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics for water waves / R.A. Dalrymple [und weitere] -- ch. 14. Modelling nonlinear water waves with RANS and LES SPH models / R. Issa [und weitere] -- ch. 15. MLPG_R method and Its application to various nonlinear water waves / Q.W. Ma -- ch. 16. Large Eddy simulation of the hydrodynamics generated by breaking waves / P. Lubin and J.-P. Caltagirone -- ch. 17. Recent advances in turbulence modeling for unsteady breaking waves / Q. Zhao and S.W. Armfield -- ch. 18. Freak waves and their interaction with ships and offshore structures / G.F. Clauss
Download or read book Nonlinear Internal Waves in Lakes written by Kolumban Hutter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-25 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal wave dynamics in lakes (and oceans) is an important physical component of geophysical fluid mechanics of ‘quiescent’ water bodies of the Globe. The formation of internal waves requires seasonal stratification of the water bodies and generation by (primarily) wind forces. Because they propagate in basins of variable depth, a generated wave field often experiences transformation from large basin-wide scales to smaller scales. As long as this fission is hydrodynamically stable, nothing dramatic will happen. However, if vertical density gradients and shearing of the horizontal currents in the metalimnion combine to a Richardson number sufficiently small (
Download or read book Nonlinear Internal Waves in the South China Sea written by Qiang Li and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Northeastern South China Sea written by Zhongxiang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Renewable Sources of Energy Volume II written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regional Oceanography Of The South China Sea written by Jianyu Hu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-06-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to share newly obtained results and information on regional oceanography of the South China Sea by leading experts in fields such as water mass, circulation, mesoscale eddies, near-inertial motion, upwelling, mixing, continental shelf waves, internal waves and fronts. These comprehensive results can provide new insights on global and regional climate change.
Download or read book Oceanic Internal Tides Observations Analysis and Modeling written by Eugene G. Morozov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed study of the structure and variability of internal tides and their geographical distribution in the ocean. Based on experimental analysis of oceanic measurements combined with numerical modeling, it offers a comprehensive overview of the internal wave processes around the globe. In particular, it is based on moored buoys observations in many regions in all oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern) that have been carried out by researchers from different countries for more than 40 years as part of various oceanographic programs, including WOCE and CLIVAR. However, a significant portion of the data was collected by the author, who is a field oceanographer. The data was processed and interpreted on the basis of the latest knowledge of internal wave motion. The properties of internal waves were analyzed in relation to the bottom topography and mean state of the ocean in specific regions. Internal waves play a major role in the formation of seawater stratification and are responsible for the main processes of ocean dynamics, such as energy transfer and mixing. One of the most significant ideas presented in this book is the generation of internal tides over submarine ridges. Energy fluxes from submarine ridges related to tidal internal waves greatly exceed the fluxes from continental slopes. Submarine ridges form an obstacle to the propagation of tidal currents, which can cause the creation of large amplitude internal tides. Energy fluxes from submarine ridges account for approximately one fourth of the total energy dissipation of the barotropic tides. Model simulations and moored measurements have been combined to generate a map of global distribution of internal tide amplitudes. This book is of interest to oceanographers, marine biologists, civil engineers, and scientists working in climate research, fluid mechanics, acoustics, and underwater navigation.
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. - Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing - Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system - Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Download or read book Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans written by Xiaofeng Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover approximately 71% of Earth’s surface, 90% of the biosphere and contains 97% of Earth’s water. Since the first launch of SEASAT satellite in 1978, an increasing number of SAR satellites have or will become available, such as the European Space Agency’s ERS-1/-2, ENVISAT, and Sentinel-1 series; the Canadian RADARSAT-1/-2 and the upcoming RADARSAT Constellation Mission series satellites; the Italian COSMO-SkyMed satellites, the German TERRASAR-X and TANDEM-X, and the Chinese GAOFEN-3 SAR, among others. Recently, European Space Agency has launched a new generation of SAR satellites, Sentinel-1A in 2014 and Sentinel-1B in 2016. These SAR satellites provide researchers with free and open SAR images necessary to carry out their research on the global oceans. The scope of Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is to demonstrate the types of information that can be obtained from SAR images of the oceans, and the cutting-edge methods needed for analysing SAR images. Written by leading experts in the field, and divided into four sections, the book presents the basic principles of radar backscattering from the ocean surface; introduces the recent progresses in SAR remote sensing of dynamic coastal environment and management; discusses the state-of-the-art methods to monitor parameters or phenomena related to the dynamic ocean environment; and deals specifically with new techniques and findings of marine atmospheric boundary layer observations. Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans is a very comprehensive and up-to-date reference intended for use by graduate students, researchers, practitioners, and R&D engineers working in the vibrant field of oceans, interested to understand how SAR remote sensing can support oceanography research and applications.
Download or read book Satellite Sar Detection Of Sub mesoscale Ocean Dynamic Processes written by Quanan Zheng and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-03-17 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) as a form of radar to create images of objects, uses the motion of the radar antenna over a targeted region to provide finer spatial resolution than is possible with conventional beam-scanning radars by mounting the antenna on a moving platform such as an aircraft or spacecraft. As antenna aperture (the 'size' of the antenna) is defined by the distance the SAR device travels over a target in the time taken for the radar pulses to return to the antenna, the larger the aperture is, the higher the image resolution, therefore, this enables SAR to create high resolution images with comparatively small physical antennas.This special book aims to provide the updated theories and methods for the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard satellites to detect ocean processes, i.e., SAR ocean remote sensing. It is a hi-tech application field having been developed since late 1970s and become a powerful tool for obtaining dynamic signatures from the remote and broad ocean.
Download or read book Solitary Waves in Fluids written by R. Grimshaw and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by R.H.J. Grimshaw, this book covers the topic of solitary waves in fluids.
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Internal Solitary Wave Interactions with Submarine Topographic Features written by Michael Peter Lee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 120 computer simulations were conducted to evaluate how a mode-1-type internal wave would interaction with a variety of submarine topographic (physiographic) obstacles likely to be found in a marine setting. A total of seven obstacle geometries were selected for evaluation - shelf, slope-shelf, extended slope, short-slope, reverse-shelf, a single (isolated) rectangular obstacle, and a single triangular obstacle. Internal waves of `depression' as well as `elevation' were formed using a two-layered, stratified numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The governing equations assumed Boussinesq conditions. Output data from the FORTRAN-based computer code were post-processed using MATLAB-based computer programs that calculated internal wave amplitudes and energies. These data were compared to published data associated with experimental wave tank studies and found generally to be in good agreement. Data from the numerical simulation trials were also used to generate figures illustrating various hydrodynamic features (pycnocline, streamlines, and velocity vectors) of an internal wave as it forms as well as when it interacts with different types of obstacle geometries. The types of features and processes observed included the formation of Kelvin-Helmholtz or K-H-like vortices and various stages of the classically-recognized wave-breaking progression ("wash-down," "breaking," "bore," and "surge"). When considering a stratified fluid system, it was confirmed that internal wave characteristics are influenced in large measure by the relative depths of the two fluids defining the system as well as the effects of viscous decay (damping). It was also confirmed that the nature of the interaction between an internal wave and a topographic obstacle is influenced by the magnitude of either the nonlinear parameter or the blocking parameter. The numerical simulation trials also allowed for the interrogation of the modeling domain to determine the nature of the stability conditions (static vs. dynamic) in time and space. In this regard, evaluation of both the Richardson number and the normalized density gradient provided additional insights into the hydrodynamics of the system when topographic obstacles are present. Three instability states were evaluated: K-H, buoyant, and static. This research contributes to a basic understanding of internal wave phenomena and includes some general conclusions regarding the effects of obstacle geometry on internal wave behavior and properties.
Download or read book Internal Waves in the Ocean written by Marek Stastna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-16 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides a concise overview of nonlinear internal wave theory. It serves as a self-contained reference for both students of mathematics as well as scientific professionals by presenting the material in two parts, isolating the narrative analysis from the mathematical detail. This unique format allows the text to remain accessible to oceanographers and researchers outside of mathematics by presenting a range of relevant theories on their own terms. Conversely, it enables applied mathematicians to understand how the conversation between mathematics and sciences proceeds in a field that has developed through a combination of the two. In addition, the text is supplemented by hands-on Matlab software, as the book incorporates a collection of working codes that enable readers to reproduce all theoretical figures in the text, with modification potential to fit a range of applications including a number of mini-projects outlined throughout the text.
Download or read book Advances In Engineering Mechanics reflections And Outlooks In Honor Of Theodore Y t Wu written by Daniel T Valentine and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents more than 40 original papers on recent advances in several topics in engineering mechanics presented at The Theodore Y-T Wu Symposium on Engineering Mechanics: A celebration of Professor Wu's scientific contributions for his 80th birthday. The distinguished contributors include several members of the National Academy of Engineers and the topics cover nonlinear water waves, swimming and flying in nature, biomechanics, data analysis methodology, and propulsion hydrodynamics.The papers honor the significant accomplishments of Professor Wu in Engineering Science at Caltech, particularly in the areas of nonlinear waves, hydrodynamics, biomechanics and wave-structure interaction. They review the present state of the art of engineering mechanics, and chart the future of the field from the viewpoint of civil engineering, biomechanics, geophysics, mechanical engineering, naval architecture, ocean, and offshore engineering. The primary purpose of this book is to provide guidance and inspiration for those interested in continuing to advance engineering mechanics into the 21st century. To quote Professor Wu: ”The value of a book publication lies in disseminating new knowledge attained with effort and dedication from all those who participate, and in having the useful results within ready reach of students and researchers actively working in the field.”
