Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Ordovician Climate Using a Coupled Atmosphere ocean General Circulation Model written by Mika Kashiwagi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Late Ordovician (458-443 Ma) is known as a glacial time as inferred from continental glacial deposits in South Africa, South America, and Saudi Arabia, regions that were adjacent on the super continent, Gondwana, at the time. With its high levels of CO2, reduced solar forcing and a completely different continental configuration from today, the Late Ordovician climate presents a number of intriguing challenges that may be addressed through the use of numerical modelling, such as extensive glaciation at high southern latitudes and the possibility of large amplitude Ordovician El Nino/La Nina events and tropical monsoons. Using a coupled general circulation model (GCM) suitably configured for the Late Ordovician, the aims of this research are to diagnose and explain the factors underlying the unique geological and palaeontological archives of the late Ordovician climate and to identify some of the unique climate features that are likely to have existed in Earth's deep past.
Download or read book Modelling Ocean Climate Variability written by Artem S. Sarkisyan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-13 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this wide-ranging and comprehensive review of the historical development and current status of ocean circulation models, the analysis extends from simple analytical approaches to the latest high-resolution numerical models with data assimilation. The authors, both of whom are pioneer scientists in ocean and shelf sea modelling, look back at the evolution of Western and Eastern modelling methodologies during the second half of the last century. They also present the very latest information on ocean climate modelling and offer examples for a number of oceans and shelf seas. The book includes a critical analysis of literature on ocean climate variability modelling, as well as assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the best-known modelling techniques. It also anticipates future developments in the field, focusing on models based on a synthesis of numerical simulation and field observation, and on nonlinear thermodynamic model data synthesis.
Download or read book Atmosphere Ocean Modeling written by Carlos R. Mechoso and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2021 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmosphere-ocean interactions and feedbacks -- A classification of coupled atmosphere-ocean models -- Conceptual models of interannual variability -- Models of intermediate complexity and ENSO prediction -- AGCMs coupled to simpler ocean models -- OGCMs coupled to simpler atmospheric models -- Atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation models -- Coupling software and technologies -- Coupling algorithms and specific coupling features in CGCMs.
Download or read book Modelling Oceanic Climate Interactions written by Jürgen Willebrand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean plays a central role in determining the climate of the earth. The oceanic circulation largely controls the temporal evolution of cli mate changes resulting from human activities such as the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and also affects the magnitude and regional distribution of those changes. On interannual and longer time scales the ocean is, through its interaction with the atmosphere, a source of important natural climate variations which we are only now beginning to recognise but whose cause has yet to be properly determined. Chem ical and biological processes in the ocean are linked to climate change, particularly through interaction with the global carbon cycle. A quantitative understanding of the oceanic role in the climate system requires models which include many complex processes and interactions, and which are systematically verified with observations. This is the ob jective of global research programs such as TOGA, WOCE, and JGOFS. Coupled numerical models of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation constitute the basis of every climate simulation. Increasingly it is recog nized that in addition a biological/chemical component is necessary to capture the pathways of carbon and other trace gases. The development of such coupled models is a challenging task which needs scientists who must be cognizant of several other disciplines beyond their own specialty.
Download or read book Atmosphere ocean Modeling written by Carlos R. Mechoso and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Coupled atmosphere-ocean models are at the core of numerical climate models. There is an extraordinarily broad class of coupled atmosphere-ocean models ranging from sets of equations that can be solved analytically to highly detailed representations of Nature requiring the most advanced computers for execution. The models are applied to subjects including the conceptual understanding of Earth's climate, predictions that support human activities in a variable climate, and projections aimed to prepare society for climate change. The present book fills a void in the current literature by presenting a basic and yet rigorous treatment of how the models of the atmosphere and the ocean are put together into a coupled system. The text of the book is divided into chapters organized according to complexity of the components that are coupled. Two full chapters are dedicated to current efforts on the development of generalist couplers and coupling methodologies all over the world"--
Download or read book The Transport of CO2 induced Warming Into the Ocean written by Michael E. Schlesinger and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Numerical Ocean Circulation Modeling written by Dale B. Haidvogel and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 1999 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book offers a comprehensive overview of the models and methods employed in the rapidly advancing field of numerical ocean circulation modeling. For those new to the field, concise reviews of the equations of oceanic motion, sub-grid-scale parameterization and numerical approximation techniques are presented. The extensive list of references make this book a valuable text for both graduate students and postdoctoral researchers in the marine sciences and in related fields, such as meteorology, climate and coupled biogeochemical modeling."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Download or read book Climate Ocean Interaction written by M.E. Schlesinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface This book is the culmination of a workshop jointly organized by NATO and CEC on Climate-Ocean Interaction which was held at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University during 26-30 September 1988. The objective of the ARW was to assess the current status of research on climate-ocean interaction, with a major focus on the development of coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice models and their application in the study of past, present and possible future climates. This book contains 16 chapters divided into four parts: Introduction; Observations of the Climate of the Ocean; Modelling the Atmospheric, Oceanic and Sea Ice Components of the Climatic System; and Simulating the Variability of Climate on Short, Medium and Long Time Scales. A fifth part contains the reports of the five Working Groups on: Climate Observations, Modelling, ENSO Modelling and Prediction, Climate-Ocean Interaction on TIme Scales of Decades to Centuries, and Impact of Paleoclimatic Proxy Data on Climate Modelling. Preface ix Acknowledgements I thank Howard Cattle and Neil Wells for their guidance and assistance as members of the Workshop Organizing Committee. I particularly thank Michael Davey for all his efforts as Local Organizer to make the ARW a success. I also thank the staff of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, for their help with the arrangements for the ARW.
Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling written by Boris A. Kagan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-03-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to acquaint readers with the recent advances in experimental and theoretical investigations of ocean-atmosphere interactions, a rapidly developing field in earth sciences. Particular attention is paid to the scope and perspectives for satellite measurements and mathematical modeling. Current approaches to the construction of coupled ocean-atmosphere models (from the simplest one-dimensional to comprehensive three-dimensional ones) for the solution of key problems in climate theory are discussed in detail. Field measurements and the results of numerical climate simulations are presented and help to explain climate variability that arises from various natural and anthropogenic factors.
Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interaction and Climate Modeling written by Boris A. Kagan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to acquaint readers with the recent advances in experimental and theoretical investigations of ocean-atmosphere interactions, a rapidly developing field in earth sciences. Particular attention is paid to the scope and perspectives for satellite measurements and mathematical modeling. Current approaches to the construction of coupled ocean-atmosphere models (from the simplest one-dimensional to comprehensive three-dimensional ones) for the solution of key problems in climate theory are discussed in detail. Field measurements and the results of numerical climate simulations are presented and help to explain climate variability that arises from various natural and anthropogenic factors.
Download or read book Coupled Atmosphere Ocean Dynamics written by Shang-Ping Xie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-12-21 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics of Climate Variability and Climate Change presents the patterns, mechanisms, and predictability of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. Based on a graduate course the author has taught over 25 years, this book provides the physical foundation for those who are interested in fundamental questions such as: why climate varies from one year to another; how predictable climate is; and how climate will change in the face of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is the first comprehensive and systematic treatment of this subject that simultaneously draws on the latest research and is accessible for graduate students. The book takes a step-by-step systematic approach to coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions. This allows a wide range of comparative views: climate modes among and across different tropical ocean basins, ocean feedback on the atmosphere (in and out of the tropics), and spontaneous internal oscillation versus externally forced climate change. Such comparative views offer unprecedented insight into the dynamics of climate variability and predictability. This book can be used as supplementary reading for advanced undergraduate students, as coursework in climate dynamics, modeling, variability, and change, and as a reference book and research monograph for researchers in ocean, atmospheric, climate, and earth system sciences. - Delivers the first authored textbook on ocean-atmosphere interactions that give rise to climate variability/predictability and shape regional patterns of anthropogenic climate change - Contains historical accounts of major breakthroughs in the field - Includes homework questions, helping to reinforce key concepts and applications
Download or read book An Oceanic General Circulation Model with Bottom Topography written by A. J. Semtner and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Christoph Heinze and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogeochemical ocean general circulation models are important tools for quantifying the marine carbon cycle and its feedback to the climate system. These models simulate the inorganic carbon cycle and also the organic carbon cycle through a series of simplified process parameterizations. This chapter presents an overview of the major concepts and methods in marine biogeochemical modeling including the combination of models with observations. Because of the climatic relevance of the carbon cycle, major emphasis is placed on it, but some other related matter cycles are also touched upon. New developments in ocean biogeochemistry during the last decade are described including the marine anthropogenic carbon uptake and ocean acidification. The chapter tries to acquaint scientists from other disciplines with marine biogeochemical modeling and provides key literature resources for further in-depth studies.
Download or read book Multiscale Dynamics of Atmospheric and Oceanic Variability in the Climate System written by Aneesh C. Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiscale dynamics in the atmosphere-ocean system is ubiquitous from dust devils in the garden to tropical cyclones to mesoscale eddies in the ocean and deep ocean circulation. The purpose of this thesis is to advance ocean-atmosphere general circulation modeling and methodologies for data assimilation in order to resolve more pieces of the climate modeling puzzle than before. Specifically, it focuses on modeling the Madden-Julian Oscillation in a climate model and modeling mesoscale eddies in a regional ocean model with data assimilation. While most climate models today fail to simulate even the large-scale features of the MJO, we find that CCSM4 reproduces many realistic aspects of MJO behavior. CCSM4 produces coherent, broadbanded and energetic patterns in eastward propagating intraseasonal zonal winds and OLR in the tropics with MJO-like characteristics. Broadscale patterns, as revealed in combined EOFs of U850, U200 and OLR, are remarkably consistent with observations and indicate that convective coupling occurs in the simulated MJOs. Relations between the MJO in the model and its concurrence with other climate states reveal that higher amplitude MJO activity occurs during weak warm ENSO events and during periods of weak meridional shear and negative zonal shear during the Indian Monsoons. MJO response to anthropogenic climate change is assessed using CCSM4 in a second study. In global warming scenarios, the model simulation indicates an increase in the number of days with higher amplitude MJOs and also a higher number of active MJO days in the Indian and West Pacific Ocean. These findings are consistent with MJO activity observations of the present and past. The second half of this thesis discusses the implementation of assimilation methodologies in physical oceanography. It presents the mathematical recipe of the assimilation method adapted in the present study and also illustrates the implementation of assimilation of observed data over the oceans in a regional ocean model (ROMS) in the Southeast Pacific region. Fifteen-day ROMS I4D-VAR data assimilation fits are performed successfully. The normalized absolute misfit between the observations and the corresponding model states is reduced close to the observational error range. Eddies are identified from the ocean state estimate along the track of the VOCALS-Rex cruise of 2008 and studied for their hydrography and velocity structure. Cyclonic eddies (sea level anomaly lows) are characterized by shoaling isopycnals in the upper 300 m, colder temperature cores and a shallower salinity minima. It is also observed that the water mass properties of the core of the eddy has similar properties to that in the subantarctic water close to the coast. A heat budget analysis for the period of the cruise reveals that the advection is the predominant process that balances the surface heat flux and temperature tendency. Vertical diffusion is the second highest term balancing the heat budget with the horizontal diffusion being an order of magnitude smaller, Lastly, the role of the linear analysis step of the ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) in disrupting the balanced dynamics in a simple atmospheric model is investigated and compared to a fully nonlinear particle-based filter (PF). Identical twin experiments show that EnKF and PF capture the variables on the slow manifold well as the dynamics is very stable. PFs, especially the SKRF, capture slaved modes better than the EnKF implying a full Bayesian analysis estimates the nonlinear model variables better. The PFs perform significantly better in the fully coupled nonlinear model where fast and slow variables modulate each other. This suggests that the analysis step in the PFs maintains the balance in both variables much better than the EnKF.
Download or read book The Seasonal Cycle in Coupled Ocean atmosphere General Circulation Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean General Circulation Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models written by Stephen Griffies and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets forth the physical, mathematical, and numerical foundations of computer models used to understand and predict the global ocean climate system. Aimed at students and researchers of ocean and climate science who seek to understand the physical content of ocean model equations and numerical methods for their solution, it is largely general in formulation and employs modern mathematical techniques. It also highlights certain areas of cutting-edge research. Stephen Griffies presents material that spans a broad spectrum of issues critical for modern ocean climate models. Topics are organized into parts consisting of related chapters, with each part largely self-contained. Early chapters focus on the basic equations arising from classical mechanics and thermodynamics used to rationalize ocean fluid dynamics. These equations are then cast into a form appropriate for numerical models of finite grid resolution. Basic discretization methods are described for commonly used classes of ocean climate models. The book proceeds to focus on the parameterization of phenomena occurring at scales unresolved by the ocean model, which represents a large part of modern oceanographic research. The final part provides a tutorial on the tensor methods that are used throughout the book, in a general and elegant fashion, to formulate the equations.
