Download or read book Numerical Simulation of CO 1tn2 Sequestration in Geological Formations written by Andreas Bielinski and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Simulation and Optimization of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers written by Zheming Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With heightened concerns on CO2 emissions from pulverized-coal power plants, there has been major emphasis in recent years on the development of safe and economical Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) technology. Although among one of the most promising technologies to address the problem of anthropogenic global-warming due to CO2 emissions, the detailed mechanisms of GCS are not well-understood. As a result, there remain many uncertainties in determining the sequestration capacity of the formation/reservoir and the safety of sequestered CO2 due to leakage. These uncertainties arise due to lack of information about the detailed interior geometry of the formation and the heterogeneity in its geological properties such as permeability and porosity which influence the sequestration capacity and plume migration. Furthermore, the sequestration efficiency is highly dependent on the injection strategy which includes injection rate, injection pressure, type of injection well employed and its orientation etc. The goal of GCS is to maximize the sequestration capacity and minimize the plume migration by optimizing the GCS operation before proceeding with its large scale deployment. In this dissertation, numerical simulations of GCS are conducted using the DOE multi-phase flow solver TOUGH2 (Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat). A multi-objective optimization code based on genetic algorithm is developed to optimize the GCS operation for a given geological formation. Most of the studies are conducted for sequestration in a saline formation (aquifer). First, large scale GCS studies are conducted for three identified saline formations for which some experimental data and computations performed by other investigators are available, namely the Mt. Simon formation in Illinois basin, Frio formation in southwest Texas, and the Utsira formation off the coast of Norway. These simulation studies have provided important insights as to the key sources of uncertainties that can influence the accuracy in simulations. For optimization of GCS practice, a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimizer has been developed and combined with TOUGH2. Designated as GA-TOUGH2, this combined solver/optimizer has been validated by performing optimization studies on a number of model problems and comparing the results with brute force optimization which requires large number of simulations. Using GA-TOUGH2, an innovative reservoir engineering technique known as water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection is investigated in the context of GCS; GA-TOUGH2 is applied to determine the optimal WAG operation for enhanced CO2 sequestration capacity. GA-TOUGH2 is also used to perform optimization designs of time-dependent injection rate for optimal injection pressure management, and optimization designs of well distribution for minimum well interference. Results obtained from these optimization designs suggest that over 20% reduction of in situ CO2 footprint, greatly enhanced CO2 dissolution, and significantly improved well injectivity can be achieved by employing GA-TOUGH2. GA-TOUGH2 has also been employed to determine the optimal well placement in a multi-well injection operation. GA-TOUGH2 appears to hold great promise in studying a host of other optimization problems related to GCS.

Download or read book Numerical Modeling of CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Recent Results and Open Challenges written by Karsten Pruess and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2, and their role inglobal warming, have prompted efforts to reduce emissions of CO2 fromburning of fossil fuels. An attractive mitigation option underconsideration in many countries is the injection of CO2 from stationarysources, such as fossil-fueled power plants, into deep, stable geologicformations, where it would be stored and kept out of the atmosphere fortime periods of hundreds to thousands of years or more. Potentialgeologic storage reservoirs include depleted or depleting oil and gasreservoirs, unmineable coal seams, and saline formations. While oil andgas reservoirs may provide some attractive early targets for CO2 storage, estimates for geographic regions worldwide have suggested that onlysaline formations would provide sufficient storage capacity tosubstantially impact atmospheric releases. This paper will focus on CO2storage in saline formations. Injection of CO2 into a saline aquifer willgive rise to immiscible displacement of brine by the advancing CO2. Thelower viscosity of CO2 relative to aqueous fluids provides a potentialfor hydrodynamic instabilities during the displacement process. Attypical subsurface conditions of temperature and pressure, CO2 is lessdense than aqueous fluids and is subject to upward buoyancy force inenvironments where pressures are controlled by an ambient aqueous phase. Thus CO2 would tend to rise towards the top of a permeable formation andaccumulate beneath the caprock. Some CO2 will also dissolve in theaqueous phase, while the CO2-rich phase may dissolve some formationwaters, which would tend to dry out the vicinity of the injection wells. CO2 will make formation waters more acidic, and will induce chemicalrections that may precipitate and dissolve mineral phases (Xu et al.,2004). As a consequence of CO2 injection, significant pressurization offormation fluids would occur over large areas. These pressurizationeffects will change effective stresses, and may cause movement alongfaults with associated seismicity and increases in permeability thatcould lead to leakage from the storage reservoir (Rutqvist and Tsang,2005).

Download or read book Mechanisms for CO2 Sequestration in Geological Formations and Enhanced Gas Recovery written by Roozbeh Khosrokhavar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives background information why shale formations in the world are important both for storage capacity and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). Part of this book investigates the sequestration capacity in geological formations and the mechanisms for the enhanced storage rate of CO2 in an underlying saline aquifer. The growing concern about global warming has increased interest in geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). The main mechanism of the enhancement, viz., the occurrence of gravity fingers, which are the vehicles of enhanced transport in saline aquifers, can be visualized using the Schlieren technique. In addition high pressure experiments confirmed that the storage rate is indeed enhanced in porous media. The book is appropriate for graduate students, researchers and advanced professionals in petroleum and chemical engineering. It provides the interested reader with in-depth insights into the possibilities and challenges of CO2 storage and the EGR prospect.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Geological Media written by Matthias Grobe and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 20 years, the concept of storing or permanently storing carbon dioxide in geological media has gained increasing attention as part of the important technology option of carbon capture and storage within a portfolio of options aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases to the earths atmosphere. This book is structured into eight parts, and, among other topics, provides an overview of the current status and challenges of the science, regional assessment studies of carbon dioxide geological sequestration potential, and a discussion of the economics and regulatory aspects of carbon dioxide sequestration.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Thermal Hydrological Mechanical Chemical Processes During CO2 Geological Sequestration written by Ronglei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geological Storage of CO2 in Deep Saline Formations written by Auli Niemi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers a comprehensive overview, and an in-depth understanding, of suitable methods for quantifying and characterizing saline aquifers for the geological storage of CO2. It begins with a general overview of the methodology and the processes that take place when CO2 is injected and stored in deep saline-water-containing formations. It subsequently presents mathematical and numerical models used for predicting the consequences of CO2 injection. This book provides descriptions of relevant experimental methods, from laboratory experiments to field scale site characterization and techniques for monitoring spreading of the injected CO2 within the formation. Experiences from a number of important field injection projects are reviewed, as are those from CO2 natural analog sites. Lastly, the book presents relevant risk management methods. Geological storage of CO2 is widely considered to be a key technology capable of substantially reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the negative impacts of such releases on the global climate. Around the world, projects are already in full swing, while others are now being initiated and executed to demonstrate the technology. Deep saline formations are the geological formations considered to hold the highest storage potential, due to their abundance worldwide. To date, however, these formations have been relatively poorly characterized, due to their low economic value. Accordingly, the processes involved in injecting and storing CO2 in such formations still need to be better quantified and methods for characterizing, modeling and monitoring this type of CO2 storage in such formations must be rapidly developed and refined.

Download or read book High resolution Numerical Simulation of CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers written by Ruslan Iskhakov and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Numerical Simulation of CO2 Hydrate Formation in Geological Reservoirs by Injection of CO2 Gas written by and published by Natural Resources Canada. This book was released on with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Petrophysical Modeling and Simulation Study of Geological CO2 Sequestration written by Xianhui Kong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have recently become the significant focus of engineering research. The geological sequestration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) is one approach that has been proposed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and slow down global warming. Geological sequestration involves the injection of produced CO2 into subsurface formations and trapping the gas through many geological mechanisms, such as structural trapping, capillary trapping, dissolution, and mineralization. While some progress in our understanding of fluid flow in porous media has been made, many petrophysical phenomena, such as multi-phase flow, capillarity, geochemical reactions, geomechanical effect, etc., that occur during geological CO2 sequestration remain inadequately studied and pose a challenge for continued study. It is critical to continue to research on these important issues. Numerical simulators are essential tools to develop a better understanding of the geologic characteristics of brine reservoirs and to build support for future CO2 storage projects. Modeling CO2 injection requires the implementation of multiphase flow model and an Equation of State (EOS) module to compute the dissolution of CO2 in brine and vice versa. In this study, we used the Integrated Parallel Accurate Reservoir Simulator (IPARS) developed at the Center for Subsurface Modeling at The University of Texas at Austin to model the injection process and storage of CO2 in saline aquifers. We developed and implemented new petrophysical models in IPARS, and applied these models to study the process of CO2 sequestration. The research presented in this dissertation is divided into three parts. The first part of the dissertation discusses petrophysical and computational models for the mechanical, geological, petrophysical phenomena occurring during CO2 injection and sequestration. The effectiveness of CO2 storage in saline aquifers is governed by the interplay of capillary, viscous, and buoyancy forces. Recent experimental data reveals the impact of pressure, temperature, and salinity on interfacial tension (IFT) between CO2 and brine. The dependence of CO2-brine relative permeability and capillary pressure on IFT is also clearly evident in published experimental results. Improved understanding of the mechanisms that control the migration and trapping of CO2 in the subsurface is crucial to design future storage projects for long-term, safe containment. We have developed numerical models for CO2 trapping and migration in aquifers, including a compositional flow model, a relative permeability model, a capillary model, an interfacial tension model, and others. The heterogeneities in porosity and permeability are also coupled to the petrophysical models. We have developed and implemented a general relative permeability model that combines the effects of pressure gradient, buoyancy, and capillary pressure in a compositional and parallel simulator. The significance of IFT variations on CO2 migration and trapping is assessed. The variation of residual saturation is modeled based on interfacial tension and trapping number, and a hysteretic trapping model is also presented. The second part of this dissertation is a model validation and sensitivity study using coreflood simulation data derived from laboratory study. The motivation of this study is to gain confidence in the results of the numerical simulator by validating the models and the numerical accuracies using laboratory and field pilot scale results. Published steady state, core-scale CO2/brine displacement results were selected as a reference basis for our numerical study. High-resolution compositional simulations of brine displacement with supercritical CO2 are presented using IPARS. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of the Berea sandstone core was constructed using heterogeneous permeability and porosity distributions based on geostatistical data. The measured capillary pressure curve was scaled using the Leverett J-function to include local heterogeneity in the sub-core scale. Simulation results indicate that accurate representation of capillary pressure at sub-core scales is critical. Water drying and the shift in relative permeability had a significant impact on the final CO2 distribution along the core. This study provided insights into the role of heterogeneity in the final CO2 distribution, where a slight variation in porosity gives rise to a large variation in the CO2 saturation distribution. The third part of this study is a simulation study using IPARS for Cranfield pilot CO2 sequestration field test, conducted by the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) at The University of Texas at Austin. In this CO2 sequestration project, a total of approximately 2.5 million tons supercritical CO2 was injected into a deep saline aquifer about ~10000 ft deep over 2 years, beginning December 1st 2009. In this chapter, we use the simulation capabilities of IPARS to numerically model the CO2 injection process in Cranfield. We conducted a corresponding history-matching study and got good agreement with field observation. Extensive sensitivity studies were also conducted for CO2 trapping, fluid phase behavior, relative permeability, wettability, gravity and buoyancy, and capillary effects on sequestration. Simulation results are consistent with the observed CO2 breakthrough time at the first observation well. Numerical results are also consistent with bottomhole injection flowing pressure for the first 350 days before the rate increase. The abnormal pressure response with rate increase on day 350 indicates possible geomechanical issues, which can be represented in simulation using an induced fracture near the injection well. The recorded injection well bottomhole pressure data were successfully matched after modeling the fracture in the simulation model. Results also illustrate the importance of using accurate trapping models to predict CO2 immobilization behavior. The impact of CO2/brine relative permeability curves and trapping model on bottom-hole injection pressure is also demonstrated.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of CO2 Sequestration in Large Saline Aquifers written by Zheming Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical Simulation of CO2 Sequestration in Large Saline Aquifers.

Download or read book Numerical Investigation for the Impact of CO2 Geologic Sequestration on Regional Groundwater Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale storage of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers may cause considerable pressure perturbation and brine migration in deep rock formations, which may have a significant influence on the regional groundwater system. With the help of parallel computing techniques, we conducted a comprehensive, large-scale numerical simulation of CO2 geologic storage that predicts not only CO2 migration, but also its impact on regional groundwater flow. As a case study, a hypothetical industrial-scale CO2 injection in Tokyo Bay, which is surrounded by the most heavily industrialized area in Japan, was considered, and the impact of CO2 injection on near-surface aquifers was investigated, assuming relatively high seal-layer permeability (higher than 10 microdarcy). A regional hydrogeological model with an area of about 60 km x 70 km around Tokyo Bay was discretized into about 10 million gridblocks. To solve the high-resolution model efficiently, we used a parallelized multiphase flow simulator TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N on a world-class high performance supercomputer in Japan, the Earth Simulator. In this simulation, CO2 was injected into a storage aquifer at about 1 km depth under Tokyo Bay from 10 wells, at a total rate of 10 million tons/year for 100 years. Through the model, we can examine regional groundwater pressure buildup and groundwater migration to the land surface. The results suggest that even if containment of CO2 plume is ensured, pressure buildup on the order of a few bars can occur in the shallow confined aquifers over extensive regions, including urban inlands.

Download or read book Geological Storage of CO2 written by Jan Martin Nordbotten and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the large research effort in both public and commercial companies, no textbook has yet been written on this subject. This book aims to provide an overview to the topic of Carbon Capture and Storage (CSS), while at the same time focusing on the dominant processes and the mathematical and numerical methods that need to be employed in order to analyze the relevant systems. The book clearly states the carbon problem and the role of CCS and carbon storage. Thereafter, it provides an introduction to single phase and multi-phase flow in porous media, including some of the most common mathematical analysis and an overview of numerical methods for the equations. A considerable part of the book discusses the appropriate scales of modeling, and how to formulate consistent governing equations at these scales. The book also illustrates real world data sets and how the ideas in the book can be exploited through combinations of analytical and numerical approaches.

Download or read book Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Storage Capacity of the Moxa Arch Site Southwestern Wyoming written by Cheng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the Moxa Arch geological CO2 sequestration project is to assess the geological CO2 storage capacity of saline aquifers in the Pennsylvanian Weber Sandstone in southwestern Wyoming. A 3-D seismic survey was selected and a fine-scale geological model was developed based on the integration of seismic interpretation, outcrop mapping, and other available information. The preliminary results from numerical simulations of CO2 storage scenarios were presented. The two goals of the simulation study were as follows: optimize the CO2 sequestration strategy within geological constraints, and examines the long-term fate of CO2 stored in this formation. Commercial numerical simulators and research simulators are used in the simulation study, and calibrated simulation results from the research simulators with those from the commercial simulator, usually a robust approach. The new research results and on-site observations were integrated into the research simulator for specific examination of CO2 sequestration and storage at site.

Download or read book Training and Research on Probabilistic Hydro Thermo Mechanical Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Geological Sequestration in Fractured Porous Rocks written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colorado School of Mines conducted research and training in the development and validation of an advanced CO2 GS (Geological Sequestration) probabilistic simulation and risk assessment model. CO2 GS simulation and risk assessment is used to develop advanced numerical simulation models of the subsurface to forecast CO2 behavior and transport; optimize site operational practices; ensure site safety; and refine site monitoring, verification, and accounting efforts. As simulation models are refined with new data, the uncertainty surrounding the identified risks decrease, thereby providing more accurate risk assessment. The models considered the full coupling of multiple physical processes (geomechanical and fluid flow) and describe the effects of stochastic hydro-mechanical (H-M) parameters on the modeling of CO2 flow and transport in fractured porous rocks. Graduate students were involved in the development and validation of the model that can be used to predict the fate, movement, and storage of CO2 in subsurface formations, and to evaluate the risk of potential leakage to the atmosphere and underground aquifers. The main major contributions from the project include the development of: 1) an improved procedure to rigorously couple the simulations of hydro-thermomechanical (H-M) processes involved in CO2 GS; 2) models for the hydro-mechanical behavior of fractured porous rocks with random fracture patterns; and 3) probabilistic methods to account for the effects of stochastic fluid flow and geomechanical properties on flow, transport, storage and leakage associated with CO2 GS. The research project provided the means to educate and train graduate students in the science and technology of CO2 GS, with a focus on geologic storage. Specifically, the training included the investigation of an advanced CO2 GS simulation and risk assessment model that can be used to predict the fate, movement, and storage of CO2 in underground formations, and the evaluation of the risk of potential CO2 leakage to the atmosphere and underground aquifers.

Download or read book Developing a Strategy for Parameter Estimation from CO2 Plume Migration During Geologic Carbon Sequestration in a Fluvial Depositional Setting written by Antoine Jean Espinet and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimation of the CO2 plume from monitoring data is needed in order to assure safe carbon sequestration in geological formations. Synthetic field measurements and numerical simulations are used to estimate the plume position and obtain a better understanding of the characteristics of geological formations that govern the CO2 flow. The challenge is to be able to give an accurate prognosis of the plume location with relatively few monitoring observations while dealing with uncertainties and model error. We use the TOUGH2 program, which is a numerical simulator for multi-phase fluid and heat flow in porous and fractured media, along with the ECO2N module, specific for CO2 flow in brine. This model describes the coupling of flow and transport processes in heterogeneous geologic systems. The optimization program 'Stochastic RBF' is used to calibrate the model parameters. Stochastic RBF has proven to be computationally efficient for environmental models that are computationally expensive. It is a derivative-free method, which makes it easier to use in conjunction with a complex nonlinear simulation model. We use three-dimensional saline aquifers with different geological characteristics for the application. We show that estimating shale permeability is critical to determine the plume shape and position, while other facies higher permeabilities can be estimated with less accuracy with little effect on the estimate of the location of the CO2 plume. We also investigate how parameter lumping affects the calibration and the amount of measurements needed in order to accurately estimate plume position. In many cases, it has been found that pressure measurements suffice, while other types of measurements are needed in cases with more parameters to estimate. The plume position can be determined with a correlation coefficient equal to 87 percent with our method with a minimal amount of measurements and number of simulations. Using only pressure observations and no gas saturation samples, a slightly smaller correlation coefficient was obtained.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation Study of Fault Reactivation in CO2 Geological Storage written by 李元亨 and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: