Download or read book Numerical Modelling of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment written by Roger Samsó Campà and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are a wastewater treatment technology that inherits the purification potential of natural wetlands and optimizes it to comply with regulations for treated discharges. CWs have become an equally performing alternative to conventional wastewater treatment technologies of communities up to 2000PE, with lower energy and maintenance costs. Despite their potential, CWs lack reliability, which holds back their full deployment in the territory. This fact results from the lack of understanding on their internal functioning and because they are prone to clogging. The enormous diversity of CWs typologies and operation strategies, and the fact that they operate at the mercy of the environmental conditions, makes each CW unique on its kind, and experimental studies are usually only representative of the studied system. This fact makes mathematical models essential to study their functioning. Several models for CWs have proliferated in the last dozen years to provide supporting tools for their design and operation as well as more insight into the treatment processes. However, compared to models utilized in similar disciplines, CWs models are still in an embrionary stage. Accordingly, the objectives of the current work were to develop a CWs model able to describe the most common processes taking place within CWs, and to use this model to shed light on the internal functioning of these systems in the long-term. The model, named BIO_PORE, was built in COMSOL Multiphysics and can simulate subsurface flow and pollutants transport in porous media. It also implements the biokinetic model Constructed Wetlands Model number 1 (CWM1) to describe the fate of organic matter, nitrogen and sulphur and the growth of the bacterial groups found in CWs. The model was calibrated with experimental data of a year of operation of a pilot system. Two empirical parameters (Mcap and Mbio_max ) were used to improve the description of bacterial growth obtained with CWM1 and to include the effects of solids accumulation on bacterial communities. The effect of these two parameters was evaluated using local sensitivity analysis. The model was later used to unveil the dynamics of bacterial communities within CWs. In addition, a theory was derived from simulation results, which aimed at describing the most basic functioning patterns of CWs based on the interaction between bacterial communities and accumulated solids. At the end of the document a mathematical formulation is presented to describe bioclogging and a numerical experiment is carried out to showcase its impact on simulation results. The main outcome of the current work was the BIO_PORE model. This model was able to reproduce effluent pollutant concentrations measured during an entire year of operation of the pilot system. Parameters Mcap and Mbio_max proved essential to prevent unlimited bacterial growth predicted by CWM1 near the inlet sections of CWs. These two parameters were also responsible for the good fitting with experimental data. This was confirmed with the sensitivity analysis, which demonstrated that they have a major impact on the model predictions for effluent COD and ammonia and ammonium nitrogen. The theory derived from simulation results indicated that bacteria move towards the outlet with time, following the accumulation of inert solids from inlet to outlet. This result may prove that CWs life-span is limited, corresponding to the time after which bacterial communities are pushed as much towards the outlet that their total biomass is not able to provide effluents with acceptable quality. The inclusion of bioclogging was a requisite to reproduce the bacterial distribution and fluid flow and pollutants transport within CWs. More work on the BIO_PORE model is required and more experimental data is necessary to calibrate and validate its results.
Download or read book Constructed Subsurface Wetlands written by Abdel Razik Ahmed Zidan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a sharp focus on environmental pollution and its impact on life and nature, scientists and engineers have studied the water treatment effect of natural wetlands for many years, resulting in the development of constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating wastewater. This informative new book provides current information and guidance on the construction, performance, operation, and maintenance of subsurface flow constructed wetlands of domestic and municipal wastewater. The focus of the volume is to evaluate the performance of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands in treating domestic wastewater to establish the limit that can be safely discharged to agricultural drains. Two-step procedures were used for the preparation of this book. Using modeling and statistical analyses of treated water samples showed a significant difference between different media for the treatment of most pollutants. The authors went on to design artificial neural network models (ANNs) using Matlab software to simulate some of the experimental data and to anticipate the parameters of output concentration. The wetland systems have the ability to deal with various pollutants with different concentrations and to decrease the treated water to the standard limits. This volume presents the main role of emergent plants for treatment performance in the constructed wetlands and will be a very important resource for engineers in this field as well as for both undergraduate and graduate students.
Download or read book Treatment Wetlands written by Gabriela Dotro and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Overview of Treatment Wetlands; Fundamentals of Treatment Wetlands; Horizontal Flow Wetlands; Vertical Flow Wetlands; French Vertical Flow Wetlands; Intensified and Modified Wetlands; Free Water Surface Wetlands; Other Applications; Additional Aspects.
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Emerging Pollutants Removal in Constructed Wetlands written by Alessandro Solimeno and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progressive water demand and the shortage of water resource in recent years have attracted increasing interest in finding alternative techniques for wastewater treatment rather than traditional cleaning systems. Constructed wetlands are natural systems of wastewater treatment, which consist of an impermeable basin filled with gravel and planted with macrophytes. The physical, chemical and biological processes taking place inside the system lead to the purification of wastewater, which can later be used in various applications such as agriculture or discharged in watercourses without causing pollution. The objective of this work is the implementation of a mathematical model that can simulate the flow and concentration of several emerging pollutants (i.e. ibuprofen, carbamazepine) within subsurface flow constructed wetlands through the software COMSOL Multiphysics 4.0. The pilot plant used for this study is located in Les Franqueses de Vallès (province of Barcelona, Catalonia), which treats urban wastewater. The model was calibrating using bromide as tracer test. After, were simulated response curves of ibuprofen and carbamazepine and these results were compared with the experimental curves. Furthermore the model was validated by comparing it with the respective curves obtained experimentally in another treatment wetland. The model is able to reproduce with sufficient accuracy the experimental tracer curve. First-order removal rates for ibuprofen and carbamazepine were found for the wetland in Les Franqueses Les Vallès. The values are k = 0.045 [1/d] for ibuprofen and k = 0,035 [1/d] for carbamazepine. The results show a good agreement between simulated and experimental data, which confirms the validity of the developed model. The results obtained by validation showed how the response curve of ibuprofen is similar to the sperimental curve, but the response curve of carbamazepine is different. The carbon source, as well as the design features of the wetland were found to have a significant effect on the removal capacity of ibuprofen and carbamazepine. Subsequent studies should be devoted to investigating separately the various factors that contribute to the removal of these pollutants from the wastewater.
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process written by Mudhar Al-Obaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process provides a one-stop-shop for reverse osmosis (RO), outlining its scope and limitations for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. This book covers the state-of-the-art on RO processes and describes ten RO process models of different features and complexities. It also covers the advanced model-based techniques for RO process operations, including various rigorous methods for process modelling, simulation, and optimization at the lowest energy cost, as well as advanced tools such as genetic algorithms for achieving the same. • Highlights different types of physico–chemical and biological wastewater treatment methods including hybrid systems • Provides an overview of membrane processes, focuses on different types of membrane processes for water treatment and explains characteristics of membrane modules • Introduces the importance and challenges of process modelling for simulation, design, and optimization and offers examples across various industries •Describes the concept of different types of genetic algorithms for process optimisation and provides the state-of-the art of the GA method in terms of its application in water desalination and wastewater treatment •Emphasizes economic aspects of RO processes for wastewater treatment With its focus on the challenges posed by an increasing demand for fresh water and the urgent need to recycle wastewater at minimum cost, this work is an invaluable resource for engineers and scientists working within the field of wastewater treatment.
Download or read book Reactive Transport Modeling written by Yitian Xiao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaches the application of Reactive Transport Modeling (RTM) for subsurface systems in order to expedite the understanding of the behavior of complex geological systems This book lays out the basic principles and approaches of Reactive Transport Modeling (RTM) for surface and subsurface environments, presenting specific workflows and applications. The techniques discussed are being increasingly commonly used in a wide range of research fields, and the information provided covers fundamental theory, practical issues in running reactive transport models, and how to apply techniques in specific areas. The need for RTM in engineered facilities, such as nuclear waste repositories or CO2 storage sites, is ever increasing, because the prediction of the future evolution of these systems has become a legal obligation. With increasing recognition of the power of these approaches, and their widening adoption, comes responsibility to ensure appropriate application of available tools. This book aims to provide the requisite understanding of key aspects of RTM, and in doing so help identify and thus avoid potential pitfalls. Reactive Transport Modeling covers: the application of RTM for CO2 sequestration and geothermal energy development; reservoir quality prediction; modeling diagenesis; modeling geochemical processes in oil & gas production; modeling gas hydrate production; reactive transport in fractured and porous media; reactive transport studies for nuclear waste disposal; reactive flow modeling in hydrothermal systems; and modeling biogeochemical processes. Key features include: A comprehensive reference for scientists and practitioners entering the area of reactive transport modeling (RTM) Presented by internationally known experts in the field Covers fundamental theory, practical issues in running reactive transport models, and hands-on examples for applying techniques in specific areas Teaches readers to appreciate the power of RTM and to stimulate usage and application Reactive Transport Modeling is written for graduate students and researchers in academia, government laboratories, and industry who are interested in applying reactive transport modeling to the topic of their research. The book will also appeal to geochemists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists, earth scientists, environmental engineers, and environmental chemists.
Download or read book Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands written by Alexandros Stefanakis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertical flow constructed wetlands for wastewater and sludge treatment represent a relatively new and still growing technology. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands is the first book to present the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding vertical flow constructed wetlands theory and applications. In this book, you will learn about vertical flow systems with information about application and performance. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands also includes information on how different countries are applying the technology, with design guidelines to illustrate best practices worldwide. A focus on water conservation through reuse of treated water showcases the benefit of vertical flow construction, which has greatly increased the attractiveness of the technology in recent years. All state-of-the-art knowledge regarding vertical flow constructed wetlands gathered in one book A review of various constructed wetland approaches, including information about applications and performance, helps clarify what is currently known about constructed wetland principles and design Discussion of how to manage the treated wastewater leaving the vertical flow for increasing biodiversity, providing food and habitat for birds, and producing harvestable biomass or crops Includes case studies of constructed wetlands in developing countries
Download or read book Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment written by Donald A. Hammer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both practical and theoretical, this book provides the basic principles of soil chemistry, hydrology, wetland ecology, microbiology, vegetation and wildlife as a sound introduction to this innovative technology to treat toxic wastewaters and sludges. The use of wetlands for acid mine drainage, and metals removal in municipal, urban runoff, and industrial systems is discussed. Case histories are also presented, demonstrating specific types of constructed wetlands and applications to municipal wastewater, home sites, coal and non-coal mining, coal-fired electric power plants, chemical and pulp industry, agriculture, landfill leachate, and urban stormwater. Construction and management guidelines are clearly explained, providing information on applicable policies and regulations, siting and construction, and operations and monitoring of constructed wetlands treatment systems. Recent theoretical and empirical results from operating systems and research facilities, including such new applications as nutrient removal from eutrophic lakes and urban stormwater treatment within highway rights-of-way, are included. This book is an ideal resource for wastewater treatment plants, consulting engineers, federal and state regulators, industrial environmental managers, municipalities, environmental health professionals, and ecologists.
Download or read book Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment written by Sherwood C. Reed and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidance for Design and Construction of a Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland written by Sherwood C. Reed and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides guidance in the selection, design, construction, and operation of subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The information is necessary, especially for small communities, where there has been considerable effort to construct and maintain treatment facilities cost-efficiently, capitalizing on the minimal energy requirements of this technology. Contents: factors capable of influencing performance expectations; design and construction considerations (calculating design require., recommended design and construction considerations); and operational considerations.
Download or read book Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment in Hot and Arid Climates written by Alexandros Stefanakis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book presents the first collection of case studies and research projects on the sustainable technology of constructed wetlands for wastewater management under hot and arid climates. It is the first such work that summarizes in a single reference the current international experiences and knowledge on the implementation of this nature-based solution under these diverse and often harsh climatic conditions. It covers the relevant gap in the fragmented and limited literature by providing integrated information and documentation on the feasibility of this green technology. The book presents the treatment efficiency of constructed wetland facilities and the research output from 29 different countries across South America, Africa, Asia and Oceania, while it covers various applications such as domestic and municipal wastewater, various industrial effluents and municipal sludge. Many examples and case studies further demonstrate the potential of this technology to contribute to better address the issues of water scarcity and limited fresh water resources through circular management of treated effluents e.g. reuse in irrigation. It also discusses the various challenges and technical aspects that should be considered in such climates, along with the environmental, financial and social benefits of this technology. This work is a useful handbook and guide for professional engineers, practitioners, academics, researchers, students, and water authorities who wish to get a better understanding and first-hand information on the potential of constructed wetlands for cost-effective and sustainable wastewater management in countries with hot and arid climates.
Download or read book Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment written by Alexandros I. Stefanakis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking book on the application of the economic and environmentally effective treatment of industrial wastewater Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment contains a review of the state-of-the-art applications of constructed wetland technology for industrial wastewater treatment. This green technology offers many economic, environmental, and societal advantages. The text examines the many unique uses and the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for the treatment of complex and heavily polluted wastewater from various industrial sources. The editor — a noted expert in the field — and the international author team (93 authors from 22 countries) present vivid examples of the current state of constructed wetlands in the industrial sector. The text is filled with international case studies and research outcomes and covers a wide range of applications of these sustainable systems including facilities such as the oil and gas industry, agro-industries, paper mills, pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, winery, brewery, sludge treatment and much more. The book reviews the many system setups, examines the different removal and/or transformational processes of the various pollutants and explores the overall effectiveness of this burgeoning technology. This important resource: Offers the first, groundbreaking text on constructed wetlands use for industrial wastewater treatment Provides a single reference with summarized information and the state-of-the-art knowledge of the use of Constructed Wetlands in the industrial sector through case studies, research outcomes and review chapters Covers a range of industrial applications such as hydrocarbons/oil and gas industry, food and beverage, wood and leather processing, agro-industries, pharmaceuticals and many others Includes best practices drawn by a collection of international case studies Presents the latest technological developments in the industry Written for civil and environmental engineers, sustainable wastewater/water managers in industry and government, Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment is the first book to offer a comprehensive review of the set-up and effectiveness of constructed wetlands for a wide range of industrial applications to highlight the diverse economic and environmental benefits this technology brings to the industry.
Download or read book Constructed Wetlands written by Saeid Eslamian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructed Wetlands: Hydraulic Design provides fundamental information on internal wetland hydraulic and biochemical processes, as well as practical guidance on the effective design of wetlands for water treatment. It includes the latest innovations and technological advances of constructed wetlands based on the newest technologies in the field. Features: Explains how various pollutants are either retained or removed from treatment systems Examines system geometry, flow rate, inlet-outlet configurations, and more Offers useful guidance and tools to practitioners for designing wastewater treatment structures naturally and optimally Introduces the various aspects of hydraulic engineering through porous media This book will serve as a valuable resource for practicing professionals, researchers, policy makers, and students seeking to gain an in-depth understanding of the hydraulic processes involved in constructed wetlands water treatment systems.
Download or read book Wastewater Treatment Plant Dynamics and Management in Constructed and Natural Wetlands written by Jan Vymazal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-22 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment are a widely used technology for treatment of various types of wastewaters. The International Water Association (then International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control) recognized wetlands as useful tools for wastewater treatment and est- lished the series of biennial conferences on the use of wetland systems for water pollution control in 1988. In about 1993, we decided to organize a workshop on nutrient cycling in natural and constructed wetlands with the major idea to bring together researchers working on constructed and also natural wetlands. It was not our intention to compete with IWA conferences, but the workshop should rather complement the series on treatment wetlands by IWA. We believed that the exchange of information obtained from natural and constructed wetlands would be beneficial for all participants. And the time showed that we were correct. The first workshop took place in 1995 at T?ebo? in South Bohemia and most of the papers dealt with constructed wetlands. Over the years we extended the topics on natural wetlands (such as role of wetlands in the landscape or wetland restoration and creation) and during the 6th workshop held at T?ebo? from May 30 to June 3, 2006, nearly half of 38 papers presented during the workshop dealt with natural wetlands. This workshop was attended by 39 participants from 19 countries from Europe, Asia, North and South Americas and Australia. The volume contains 29 peer-reviewed papers out of 38 papers which were presented during the workshop.
Download or read book Wetland Modelling written by W.J. Mitsch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of wetlands is a relatively new field and the modelling of these systems is still in its formative stages. Nevertheless, the editors felt compelled to assemble this volume as a first statement of the state of the art of modelling approaches for the quantitative study of wetlands. A global approach has been adopted in this book, not only by including a wide geographic distribution of wetlands, but also by including papers on both freshwater and saltwater wetlands. Wetlands are defined as systems intermediate between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and include ecosystems under a wide range of hydrologic and ecologic conditions. The wetland types discussed in this book reflect that heterogeneity, ranging from intermittently flooded wet meadows to permanently flooded shallow reservoirs and lakes. Also included are modelling examples from coastal salt marshes, shallow estuaries, mesotrophic bogs, reedswamps, forested swamps, and regional wetlands. In summary, the book presents ecological modelling as a tool for management of these sensitive ecosystems, and for studying their structure and function. Each chapter has extensive references related to the modelling approach and wetland type discussed. It will be useful for wetland scientists and managers, and could also serve as a supplemental text on courses in wetland ecology.
Download or read book Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual discusses the capabilities of constructed wetlands, a functional design approach, and the management requirements to achieve the designed purpose. The manual also attempts to put the proper perspective on the appropriate use, design and performance of constructed wetlands. For some applications, they are an excellent option because they are low in cost and in maintenance requirements, offer good performance, and provide a natural appearance, if not more beneficial ecological benefits. In other applications, such as large urban areas with large wastewater flows, they may not be at all appropriate owing to their land requirements. Constructed wetlands are especially well suited for wastewater treatment in small communities where inexpensive land is available and skilled operators hard to find and keep. Primary customers will be engineers who service small communities, state regulators, and planning professionals. Secondary users will be environmental groups and the academics.
Download or read book Water and Nutrient Management in Natural and Constructed Wetlands written by Jan Vymazal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural and constructed wetlands play a very important role within the landscape and their ecological services are highly valuable. Water management, including flood water retention, biomass production, carbon sequestration, wastewater treatment and as a biodiversity source are among the most important ecological services of wetlands. In order to provide these services, wetlands need to be properly evaluated, protected and maintained. This book provides results of the latest research in wetland science around the world. Chapters deal with such topics as the use of constructed wetlands for treatment of various types of wastewater, use of constructed wetlands in agroforestry, wetland hydrology and evapotranspiration, the effect of wetlands on landscape temperature, and chemical properties of wetland soils.
