Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Geomechanical Effects of Steam Injection in SAGD Heavy Oil Recovery written by Setayesh Zandi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process is a thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method that appears tremendously successful, especially for bitumen. SAGD process results in a complex interaction of geomechanics and multiphase flow in cohesionless porous media. In this process, continuous steam injection changes reservoir pore pressure and temperature, which can increase or decrease the effective stresses in the reservoir. Quantification of the state of deformation and stress in the reservoir is essential for the correct prediction of reservoir productivity, seal integrity, hydro fracturing, well failure and also for the interpretation of 4D seismic used to follow the development of the steam chamber. In SAGD process, the analysis of reservoir-geomechanics is concerned with the simultaneous study of fluid flow and mechanical response of the reservoir. Reservoir-geomechanics coupled simulation is still an important research topic. To perform this kind of simulation, a solution is to use a finite element based simulator to describe geomechanics and a finite volume based simulator to describe fluid flow. In this thesis, the SAGD coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling is conducted using PumaFlow reservoir simulator and Abaqus as the geomechanical simulator. The main issues being investigated in this study were (1) the coupling strategy, (2) the geometry and (3) type of gridding system. This work was performed on synthetic cases.

Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Steam Injection Into Heavy Hydrocarbon Reservoir in West Coalinga Heavy Oil Field California written by Olalekan Kayode Fawumi and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Petroleum Reservoir Simulation written by M. R. Islam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the original volume adds significant new innovations for revolutionizing the processes and methods used in petroleum reservoir simulations. With the advent of shale drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and underbalanced drilling has come a virtual renaissance of scientific methodologies in the oil and gas industry. New ways of thinking are being pioneered, and Dr. Islam and his team have, for years now, been at the forefront of these important changes. This book clarifies the underlying mathematics and physics behind reservoir simulation and makes it easy to have a range of simulation results along with their respective probability. This makes the risk analysis based on knowledge rather than guess work. The book offers by far the strongest tool for engineers and managers to back up reservoir simulation predictions with real science. The book adds transparency and ease to the process of reservoir simulation in way never witnessed before. Finally, No other book provides readers complete access to the 3D, 3-phase reservoir simulation software that is available with this text. A must-have for any reservoir engineer or petroleum engineer working upstream, whether in exploration, drilling, or production, this text is also a valuable textbook for advanced students and graduate students in petroleum or chemical engineering departments.

Download or read book Analytical Methods in Petroleum Upstream Applications written by Cesar Ovalles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 2054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective measurement of the composition and properties of petroleum is essential for its exploration, production, and refining; however, new technologies and methodologies are not adequately documented in much of the current literature. Analytical Methods in Petroleum Upstream Applications explores advances in the analytical methods and instrumentation that allow more accurate determination of the components, classes of compounds, properties, and features of petroleum and its fractions. Recognized experts explore a host of topics, including: A petroleum molecular composition continuity model as a context for other analytical measurements A modern modular sampling system for use in the lab or the process area to collect and control samples for subsequent analysis The importance of oil-in-water measurements and monitoring The chemical and physical properties of heavy oils, their fractions, and products from their upgrading Analytical measurements using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications Asphaltene and heavy ends analysis Chemometrics and modeling approaches for understanding petroleum composition and properties to improve upstream, midstream, and downstream operations Due to the renaissance of gas and oil production in North America, interest has grown in analytical methods for a wide range of applications. The understanding provided in this text is designed to help chemists, geologists, and chemical and petroleum engineers make more accurate estimates of the crude value to specific refinery configurations, providing insight into optimum development and extraction schemes.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs Phase I Part 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The one-dimensional steam injection simulator, developed in part I of thiswork to track the movement of the steam front as it progresses through aone-dimensional core, is extended to two dimensions. Tha technique forhandling a dynamic grid, and the block-balance method used to develop thefinite-difference approximation to the governing equations, boundary conditions, and matching conditions (at tha steam front) are described inconsidera are presented forthe two-dimensional simulation. An extensive survey of ehe open literaturedescribing the physical properties of the Cold lake heavy oil dgposit,required for the numerical simulation of the oil recovery process, was alsocarried out. Tables of reported propeties are provided in the report, andvalues considered representative are summarized.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Peter G. De Buda and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reservoir Geomechanical Analyses of Joslyn SAGD Steam Release Incident written by Alireza Khani and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A noteworthy caprock failure occurred on the Joslyn Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) property in 2006 that continues to have a significant impact on the approval process for future SAGD projects. Two reports were released by Alberta government, which are AER Review and Analysis: Total E&P Canada Ltd. Surface Steam Release of May 18, 2006, Joslyn Creek SAGD Thermal Operation, and Total E&P Canada Ltd., Summary of investigation into the Joslyn, May 18, 2006 Steam Release. Several potential mechanisms were postulated within those studies but without definitive resolution. Therefore, the current study's main aim is to reassess the possible causes of Joslyn caprock failure and to forensically investigate the different mechanisms that may have contributed to this steam release incident. In addition, the findings of previous studies, including geomechanical simulations, uncertainties, and risk associated with evaluating caprock containment of SAGD operations using different approaches will be analyzed and the Joslyn steam release will be numerically re-analyzed to understand better the possible causes and mechanisms that led to the only known caprock failure in the 30 years of SAGD operations in Alberta. In the current study, numerical simulations were divided into three stages; 1) geomechanical analyses of a fractured medium in the assessment of caprock integrity, 2) hydro-mechanical analyses of the models to explore the impact of fluid flow on the results 3) coupled reservoir geomechanical analysis to investigate effects of SAGD operation on geomechanical response of the models. For the first stage, multiple realizations of the fracture network in caprock were executed to reflect various geomechanical and geometrical properties of fractures. A distinct element code, 3DEC, was utilized to evaluate the possible mechanisms of caprock failure in a fissured and non-fissured caprock. Then, three-dimensional numerical models including caprock and overburden were simulated under different load conditions and properties to assess the impact of steam injection pressure on caprock displacement, surface heave, the joint normal and shear displacements, as well as failure modes. The second stage of the analyses considered fluid flow in the models to investigate the impact of flow on fractures' geometrical parameters, caprock displacement, and surface heave. The last numerical modeling stage was 3D sequentially coupled reservoir geomechanical analyses to simulate the reservoir's behaviors, caprock, and overburden and examine their complex interactions occurring during SAGD operations from beginning to the end. This stage consists of two sub-sections: first, post-failure simulation to validate the model with actual injection and production data as well as surveillance results installed after the steam release incident and second, using the validated model including all the well pairs and operations from the beginning to the end of the project to better understand the most likely steam release scenario of the failure. Through the analysis of multiple aspects of the Joslyn steam release incident, it is postulated that a chain of events, each impacting one another, contributed to the surface release. The possible, interacting multiple events that led to this failure have been identified as: • excessive bottomhole injection pressure; • potential low quality cement job performed for the abandonment of vertical observation wells; • presence of a gas zone surrounding the abandoned well within the Upper McMurray and Wabiskaw; • relatively low quality (less clayey) and thin caprock on the east side of the Joslyn project area; • occasionally high water saturation zones within the Upper McMurray Formation; and • perhaps most critically, the unexpected migration of fluid flow from the west to the east side of the Joslyn project area leading to elevated pore pressures (and hence lower effective confining stresses) in the region (gas streak zone) directly overlying the well pair where the steam release event occurred. Based on the modeling results in this research which were validated with post-failure SAGD operations monitoring data, it allowed improved confidence in interpreting these complex events and re-adjusting the proposed formula to calculate MOP.

Download or read book Reservoir Development written by M. Rafiqul Islam and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-04 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Reservoir Development delivers research materials and emerging technologies that conform sustainability in today's reservoirs. Starting with a status of technologies available, the reference describes sustainability as it applies to fracturing fluids, particularly within unconventional reservoirs. Basement reservoirs are discussed along with non-energy applications of fluids. Sustainability considerations for reserve predication are covered followed by risk analysis and scaling guidelines for further field development. Rounding out with conclusions and remaining challenges, Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Reservoir Development gives today and future petroleum engineers a focused and balanced path to strengthen sustainability practices. - Gain insight to more environmentally-friendly protocols for both unconventional and basement reservoirs, including non-energy applications of reservoir fluids - Determine more accurate reserves and keep budgets in line while focusing on emission reduction - Learn from a well-known author with extensive experience in both academia and industry

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Oil Recovery by Steam Injection written by Craig Irwin Beattie and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Heavy Oil Recovery by the Steam assisted Gravity Drainage Process written by Louis Chow and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs Phase II written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical simulation is an essential tool in the design and development of oil recovery strategies, and is particularly important for the more costly and marginally economic recovery schemes contemplated for heavy oil and bitumen recovery. One process that has shown excellent promise is the horizontal-well gravity-drainage stream injection process. In field trials, it was found that the formation is heated only in a spherical zone around the injection well. To resolve these problems, this report develops a two-dimensional simulator to track the location of the steam front explicitly within a finite-difference procedure, so that the phenomena at the stream front can be more accurately simulated. The report presents details of the mathematical analysis required to incorporate the time-dependent coordinate transformation and the finite-difference representation.

Download or read book Sensitivities to Component Characterizations of Heavy Oil Viscosity in Numerical Reservoir Simulation of Steam injection Processes written by Jacoba de La Porte and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines heavy oil viscosity modelling during simulation of steam injection processes, such as steam-line-drive and SAGD, and the sensitivity of oil recovery predictions to the uncertainty in the oil viscosity. Analytical models to predict the sensitivity have been developed, confirmed by numerical simulation. Heavy oil compositional component viscosities are modelled with the Free Volume model. The model is extended in this thesis to estimate the viscosities of long-chain n-alkanes from C6H14 to C45H92 within an accuracy of 10% in the temperature range 27 to 300 °C (80 to 575 °F) and pressure range 0.1 to 120 MPa (14.5 to 17,400 psi). It estimates viscosities of long-chain n-alkanes up to C64H130 to within 30%. Extrapolated Free Volume molecular characteristic parameters, optimised based on available viscosity measurements for n-alkanes up to C64H130, are provided, and are the recommended values for use in heavy oil simulation. A heavy pseudo-component, representing a combination of asphaltenes and resins, which are the compounds responsible for the high viscosities observed in heavy oil, is characterised in terms of molecular weight, shape and activation energy for viscous flow. A method to predict its viscosity as a function of its physical properties, pressure and temperature, using the Free Volume model, is demonstrated. A density model based on the Tait model is extended, to predict the long-chain heavy oil compositional component densities within an accuracy of 3%, in the same temperature and pressure ranges as above. A grouping procedure is demonstrated to achieve oil recovery results comparable to a 24-component simulation case, using two pseudo-components. Key is the mixing equation used to calculate the oil phase viscosity as components are grouped. The Arrhenius mixing equation is evaluated for accuracy in predicting hydrocarbon mixture viscosities. Guidelines for accurate use are provided, while mixtures with CO2 are shown to require a different method.

Download or read book Mathematical and Statistical Investigation of Steamflooding in Naturally Fractured Carbonate Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Ali Shafiei and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significant amount of Viscous Oil (e.g., heavy oil, extra heavy oil, and bitumen) is trapped in Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs also known as NFCRs. The word VO endowment in NFCRs is estimated at ~ 2 Trillion barrels mostly reported in Canada, the USA, Russia, and the Middle East. To date, contributions to the world daily oil production from this immense energy resource remains negligible mainly due to the lack of appropriate production technologies. Implementation of a VO production technology such as steam injection is expensive (high capital investment), time-consuming, and people-intensive. Hence, before selecting a production technology for detailed economic analysis, use of cursory or broad screening tools or guides is a convenient means of gaining a quick overview of the technical feasibility of the various possible production technologies applied to a particular reservoir. Technical screening tools are only available for the purpose of evaluation of the reservoir performance parameters in oil sands for various thermal VO exploitation technologies such as Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS), Horizontal well Cyclic steam Stimulation (HCS), and so on. Nevertheless, such tools are not applicable for VO NFCRs assessment without considerable modifications due to the different nature of these two reservoir types (e.g., presence and effects of fracture network on reservoir behavior, wettability, lithology, fabric, pore structure, and so on) and also different mechanisms of energy and mass transport. Considering the lack of robust and rapid technical reservoir screening tools for the purpose of quick assessment and performance prediction for VO NFCRs under thermal stimulation (e.g., steamflooding), developing such fast and precise tools seems inevitable and desirable. In this dissertation, an attempt was made to develop new screening tools for the purpose of reservoir performance prediction in VO NFCRs using all the field and laboratory available data on a particular thermal technology (vertical well steamflooding). Considering the complex and heterogeneous nature of the NFCRs, there is great uncertainty associated with the geological nature of the NFCRs such as fracture and porosity distribution in the reservoir which will affect any modeling tasks aiming at modeling of processes involved in thermal VO production from these types of technically difficult and economically unattractive reservoirs. Therefore, several modeling and analyses technqiues were used in order to understand the main parameters controlling the steamflooding process in NFCRs and also cope with the uncertainties associated with the nature of geologic, reservoir and fluid properties data. Thermal geomechanics effects are well-known in VO production from oil sands using thermal technologies such as SAGD and cyclic steam processes. Hence, possible impacts of thermal processes on VO NFCRs performance was studied despite the lack of adequate field data. This dissertation makes the following contributions to the literature and the oil industry: Two new statistical correlations were developed, introduced, and examined which can be utilized for the purpose of estimation of Cumulative Steam to Oil Ratio (CSOR) and Recovery Factor (RF) as measures of process performance and technical viability during vertical well steamflooding in VO Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs (NFCRs). The proposed correlations include vital parameters such as in situ fluid and reservoir properties.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Steam Injection in Bitumen and Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Peter G. De Buda and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Analytical Model for Simulating Heavy Oil Recovery by Cyclic Steam Injection Using Horizontal Wells SUPRI TR 118 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this investigation, existing analytical models for cyclic steam injection and oil recovery are reviewed and a new model is proposed that is applicable to horizontal wells. A new flow equation is developed for oil production during cyclic steaming of horizontal wells. The model accounts for the gravity-drainage of oil along the steam-oil interface and through the steam zone. Oil viscosity, effective permeability, geometry of the heated zone, porosity, mobile oil saturation, and thermal diffusivity of the reservoir influence the flow rate of oil in the model. The change in reservoir temperature with time is also modeled, and it results in the expected decline in oil production rate during the production cycle as the reservoir cools. Wherever appropriate, correlations and incorporated to minimize data requirements. A limited comparison to numerical simulation results agrees well, indicating that essential physics are successfully captured. Cyclic steaming appears to be a systematic met hod for heating a cold reservoir provided that a relatively uniform distribution of steam is obtained along the horizontal well during injection. A sensitivity analysis shows that the process is robust over the range of expected physical parameters.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation and History Matching of Steam foam Process to Enhance Heavy Oil Recovery written by Erdi Aydin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal enhanced oil recovery techniques have been considered as the best approach to produce heavy oil; however, hybrid methods, which are combinations of different oil recovery methods, reveal more promise in enhancing oil production from heavy and viscose reservoirs. In this research, we investigate improving recovery from heavy oil reservoirs, considering steam foam method to control the mobility of steam and oil in such reservoirs, and delivering proper amount of heat to reservoir in order to reduce oil viscosity. In this thesis, a compositional K-value based reservoir simulator, CMG-STARS, was used to build simulation models for all case studies. Steam table is used to calculate the phase change during steam injection and to capture latent heat effect on energy balance and mass balance equations. CMG-STARS empirical foam model is used to capture mobility of steam in the presence of surfactant. Simulation models are tuned with experimental core data and field history data. Simulation results illustrated that a considerable increase in oil recovery is obtained when steam foam is used. It is also observed that foam parameters, which was used in modeling, affects oil recovery, reservoir average temperature, average pressure and gas saturation. Optimized foam parameters were determined considering oil recovery, average reservoir temperature, and average reservoir pressure. Finally, simulations revealed that field and simulation results were in good agreement with field data, and that steam foam oil recovery method has the potential to become a promising oil recovery method for heavy oil reservoirs.

Download or read book Sustainable In Situ Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery written by Mohammadali Ahmadi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-24 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable In-Situ Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery: Techniques, Case Studies, and Environmental Considerations delivers a critical reference for today's energy engineers who want to gain an accurate understanding of anticipated GHG emissions in heavy oil recovery. Structured to break down every method with introductions, case studies, technical limitations and summaries, this reference gives engineers a look at the latest hybrid approaches needed to tackle heavy oil recoveries while calculating carbon footprints. Starting from basic definitions and rounding out with future challenges, this book will help energy engineers collectively evolve heavy oil recovery with sustainability applications in mind. - Explains environmental footprint considerations within each recovery method - Includes the latest hybrid methods such as Hybrid of Air-CO2N2 and Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) - Bridges practical knowledge through case studies, summaries and remaining technical challenges