Download or read book Nuclear Methods And Nuclear Equation Of State written by Marcello Baldo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-11-15 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theoretical study of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) is a field of research which deals with most of the fundamental problems of nuclear physics. This book gives an overview of the present status of the microscopic theory of the nuclear EOS. Its aim is essentially twofold: first, to serve as a textbook for students entering the field, by covering the different subjects as exhaustively and didactically as possible; second, to be a reference book for all researchers active in the theory of nuclear matter, by providing a report on the latest developments. Special emphasis is given to the numerous open problems existing at present and the prospects for their possible solutions.The general framework of the different approaches presented in the book is the meson theory of nuclear forces — where no free parameter is introduced — and the many-body treatment of nucleon-nucleon correlations. The ultimate hope of this world-wide effort is the understanding of the structure of nuclear matter, both in the ground state and at finite temperature.The main audience addressed is the community of theoretical nuclear physicists, but nuclear experimentalists and astrophysicists will also find in the book an extensive amount of material of direct interest for their everyday work, particularly for those studying heavy-ion collisions, where the nuclear EOS is of special relevance. Finally, theoretical physicists working on elementary particle theory could find in the book some stimulating ideas and problems directly related to their field.
Download or read book Nuclear Equation Of State Lecture Notes Of The Workshop written by Ahmad Ansari and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-03-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the diversified and changing scenarios of the current frontiers of nuclear physics research, the topic 'Nuclear Equation of State' occupies the pivotal position. The present series of lectures by well known experts in this field span a wide area ranging from low energy to ultrarelativistic energy, with application to astrophysical phenomena like supernovae explosions, neutron star and other stellar processes, phase transitions in quantum chromodynamics, and properties of quark-gluon plasma. The present status of the VUU model for the intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions is also reviewed.
Download or read book The Nuclear Equation of State written by Walter Greiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Nuclear Equatioo of State was held at Peiiiscola Spain from May 22- June 3, 1989. The school was devoted to the advances, theoretical and experimental, made during the past fifteen years in the physics of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, such as high compression and high temperature. Moie than 300 people had applied for participatio- this demonstrates the tremendous interest in the various subjects presented at the school. Indeed, the topic of this school, namely the Nuclear Equatioo of State, • plays the central role in high energy heavy ion collisions; • contains the intriguing possibilities of various phase transitions (gas - vapor, meson condensation, quark - gluon plasma); • plays an important role in the static and dynamical behavior of stars, especially in supernova explosions and in neutron star stability. The investigation on the nuclear equation of state can only be accomplished in the laboratory by compressing and heating up nuclear matter and the only mechanism known to date to achieve this goal is through shock compression and -heating in violent high energy heavy ion collisions. This key mechanism has been proposed and highly disputed in of high energy heavy ion physics, the early 70's. It plays a central role in the whole field and particularly in our discussions during the two weeks at Peiiiscola.
Download or read book The Nuclear equation of state written by H. H. Gutbrod and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nuclear Equation of State written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Methods in Science and Technology written by Yuri M. Tsipenyuk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of nuclear physics methods is now widespread throughout physics, chemistry, metallurgy, biology, clinical medicine, geology, and archaeology. Accelerators, reactors, and various instruments that have developed together with nuclear physics have often been found to offer the basis for increasingly productive and more sensitive analytical techniques. Nuclear Methods in Science and Technology provides scientists and engineers with a clear understanding of the basic principles of nuclear methods and their potential for applications in a wide range of disciplines. The first part of the book covers the major points of basic theory and experimental methods of nuclear physics, emphasizing concepts and simple models that give a feel for the behavior of real systems. Using many examples, the second part illustrates the extraordinary possibilities offered by nuclear methods. It covers the Mossbauer effect, slow neutron physics, activation analysis, radiography, nuclear geochronology, channeling effects, nuclear microprobe, and numerous other topics in modern applied nuclear physics. The book explores applications such as tomography, the use of short-lived isotopes in clinical diagnoses, and nuclear physics in ecology and agriculture. Where alternative nonnuclear analytical techniques are available, the author compares the relevant nuclear method, enabling readers to judge which technique may be most useful for them. Complete with a bibliography and extensive reference list for readers who want to delve deeper into a particular topic, this book applies various methods of nuclear physics to a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book The Nuclear Equation of State written by Walter Greiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-07-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Study Institute on The Nuclear Equatioo of State was held at Peiiiscola Spain from May 22- June 3, 1989. The school was devoted to the advances, theoretical and experimental, made during the past fifteen years in the physics of nuclear matter under extreme conditions, such as high compression and high temperature. Moie than 300 people had applied for participatio- this demonstrates the tremendous interest in the various subjects presented at the school. Indeed, the topic of this school, namely the Nuclear Equatioo of State, • plays the central role in high energy heavy ion collisions; • contains the intriguing possibilities of various phase transitions (gas - vapor, meson condensation, quark - gluon plasma); • plays an important role in the static and dynamical behavior of stars, especially in supernova explosions and in neutron star stability. The investigation on the nuclear equation of state can only be accomplished in the laboratory by compressing and heating up nuclear matter and the only mechanism known to date to achieve this goal is through shock compression and -heating in violent high energy heavy ion collisions. This key mechanism has been proposed and highly disputed in of high energy heavy ion physics, the early 70's. It plays a central role in the whole field and particularly in our discussions during the two weeks at Peiiiscola.
Download or read book Intermediate Energy Nuclear Physics written by A.S. Iljinov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intermediate-Energy Nuclear Physics is devoted to discussing the interaction between hadrons with nuclei, which leads to the emission of particles during an intranuclear cascade and subsequent decay of a highly excited residual nucleus. Experimental data and the methods and results of the calculation of probabilities of various processes initiated by intermediate-energy hadrons in nuclei are set forth and discussed. The potential for obtaining information on the structure and properties of nuclei by comparing experimental data with theoretical results is analyzed. New issues, such as analytic methods for the solution of kinetic equations describing the cascade, nuclear absorption of hadrons from bound states of hadronic atoms, interaction of antinucleons with nuclei, multifragmentation of highly excited residual nuclei, and polarization phenomena, are discussed in detail. The book also demonstrates hadron-nucleus interactions that bridge the gap between low-energy and heavy ions physics. It is an interesting reference for nuclear physicists and other researchers interested in the analysis of problems associated with the evolution of the early (hot) universe, neutron stars and supernovas, after-burning of radioactive waste in nuclear energy installations, and electronuclear energy breeding.
Download or read book The Nuclear Equation of State Part B written by Walter Greiner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-07-31 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Peñiscola, Spain, May 21-June 3, 1989
Download or read book Neutron Stars 1 written by P. Haensel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-06 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives an extended review of theoretical and observational aspects of neutron star physics. With masses comparable to that of the Sun and radii of about ten kilometres, neutron stars are the densest stars in the Universe. This book describes all layers of neutron stars, from the surface to the core, with the emphasis on their structure and equation of state. Theories of dense matter are reviewed, and used to construct neutron star models. Hypothetical strange quark stars and possible exotic phases in neutron star cores are also discussed. Also covered are the effects of strong magnetic fields in neutron star envelopes.
Download or read book An Advanced Course in Computational Nuclear Physics written by Morten Hjorth-Jensen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-09 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level text collects and synthesizes a series of ten lectures on the nuclear quantum many-body problem. Starting from our current understanding of the underlying forces, it presents recent advances within the field of lattice quantum chromodynamics before going on to discuss effective field theories, central many-body methods like Monte Carlo methods, coupled cluster theories, the similarity renormalization group approach, Green’s function methods and large-scale diagonalization approaches. Algorithmic and computational advances show particular promise for breakthroughs in predictive power, including proper error estimates, a better understanding of the underlying effective degrees of freedom and of the respective forces at play. Enabled by recent improvements in theoretical, experimental and numerical techniques, the state-of-the art applications considered in this volume span the entire range, from our smallest components – quarks and gluons as the mediators of the strong force – to the computation of the equation of state for neutron star matter. The lectures presented provide an in-depth exposition of the underlying theoretical and algorithmic approaches as well details of the numerical implementation of the methods discussed. Several also include links to numerical software and benchmark calculations, which readers can use to develop their own programs for tackling challenging nuclear many-body problems.
Download or read book The Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars written by Luciano Rezzolla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-09 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the recent progress in the physics and astrophysics of neutron stars and, most importantly, it identifies and develops effective strategies to explore, both theoretically and observationally, the many remaining open questions in the field. Because of its significance in the solution of many fundamental questions in nuclear physics, astrophysics and gravitational physics, the study of neutron stars has seen enormous progress over the last years and has been very successful in improving our understanding in these fascinating compact objects. The book addresses a wide spectrum of readers, from students to senior researchers. Thirteen chapters written by internationally renowned experts offer a thorough overview of the various facets of this interdisciplinary science, from neutron star formation in supernovae, pulsars, equations of state super dense matter, gravitational wave emission, to alternative theories of gravity. The book was initiated by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action MP1304 “Exploring fundamental physics with compact stars” (NewCompStar).
Download or read book An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra saturation Densities Using Au Au Collisions written by Peter Z. Wu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of the density dependence of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter, particularly at high den- sities, is crucial for interpreting many astrophysical phenomena e.g. neutron stars and supernovae, where model descriptions require inputs for the behaviour of the EOS with extreme values of the symmetry energy. The nuclear EOS is a fundamental property of nuclear matter, which describes the relationships between its thermodynamic properties but is insufficiently constrained by ex- periment. Indeed the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter is poorly understood, largely due to a lack of knowledge regarding the density depen- dence of the nuclear symmetry energy term, especially at densities considerably greater than that of normal nuclear matter. Theoretical studies based on either microscopic many-body theories or phenomenological approaches give widely divergent predictions of this quantity. While considerable progress has been achieved over recent years in determining the symmetry energy at saturation and sub-saturation nuclear matter densities, much more work is still needed to probe its behaviour at supra-saturation densities. Until recently, there has been little possibility to study experimentally the density dependence of the symmetry energy. This situation is changing dramatically as new radioactive beam facilities become operational. These facilities promise to revolutionise our knowledge of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. Heavy- ion reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei have thus a crucial role to play in this field of research. They provide a unique tool for obtaining information concerning the high-density behaviour of the symmetry energy in a laboratory environment. This thesis reports on an experimental feasibility study into the use of observables of collective flow measured in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to investigate the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities.
Download or read book Nuclear Matter Theory written by Omar Benhar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by two of the most respected experts in the field of nuclear matter, this book provides an up-to-date account of developments in nuclear matter theory and a critical comparison of the existing theoretical approaches in the field. It provides information needed for researchers working with applications in a variety of research fields, ranging from nuclear physics to astrophysics and gravitational physics, and the computational techniques discussed in the book are relevant for the broader condensed matter and quantum fluids community. The first book to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of nuclear matter theory Authored by two world-leading academics in this field Includes a description of the most advanced computational techniques and a discussion of state-of-the art applications, such as the study of gravitational-wave emission from neutron stars
Download or read book Constraints on the Neutron Equation of State Using the Difference in 54Ni 54Fe Mirror Pair Charge Radii written by Skyy Venancio Pineda and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just like the ideal gas law is used to characterize a `perfect' gas, equations of state can be used to describe nuclear matter. Two such equations of state include the symmetric matter equation of state and the neutron matter equation of state. While symmetric matter is well known, neutron matter is not, especially when extrapolating to higher densities. The nuclear matter equation of state is of interest because a greater understanding of it is required to predict properties of both super-heavy nuclei and neutron stars. There is ongoing debate about whether the neutron equation of state is `soft' or `stiff', where a `stiff' equation of state implies the pressure in the nucleus increases rapidly with increasing density and consequently implies a larger neutron star radius. A way to constrain this neutron equation of state is through the slope of the symmetry energy (the $L$ parameter), where the symmetry energy is the difference between the symmetric and neutron matter equations of state. Conceptually, $L$ is proportional to the pressure of pure neutron matter at a specific density, and can also be thought of as a restoration force (`spring constant') between protons and neutrons when they are dislocated in the nucleus.The complication is that $L$ is not a physical observable and cannot be directly measured in the laboratory. However, it has been shown that the neutron skin thickness ($\Delta R_\mathrm{np}$) of neutron-rich nuclei are correlated to $L$. By measuring the neutron skin we can therefor place constraints on the $L$ parameter and ultimately the neutron equation of state. Many experimental and theoretical techniques have been used to constrain $L$. It is noted that all of them are model-dependent in some way. Even though many of these analyses agree within $1\sigma$, they each have tendencies toward either the `soft' or the `stiff' nuclear equation of state. Results from the PREX and CREX experiments, highly regarded benchmarks for the neutron skin value, also show tension between their results, highlighting that discretion is needed when addressing the model-dependent components in these analyses. This model-dependence brings about the need for increased systematic measurements of the $L$ parameter to add to the discussion on constraints on $L$.The difference in charge radii ($\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}$) is a new, purely electromagnetic probe to deduce the neutron skin and constrain $L$. Assuming perfect charge symmetry, the distribution of the protons is equal to the distribution of the neutrons in the mirror nucleus. By taking the difference in charge radii, the neutron skin can be obtained. In reality, however, the charge symmetry is broken by the Coulomb interaction that pushes protons out relative to neutrons, leading to a weaker correlation between $\Delta R_\mathrm{np}$ and $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}$. However, even with this Coulomb disruption, $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}$ shows tighter correlation to $L$ than that of $\Delta R_\mathrm{np}$. It was also shown that $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}$ is correlated to $|N-Z| \times L$. Due to this correlation, ideally a mirror pair would be chosen with a high $|N-Z|$ to provide a tighter constraint, where the maximum possible is $|N-Z|=6$ for the $^{22}$Si-$^{22}$O pair. The present $^{54}\mathrm{Ni}$-$^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$ mirror pair has a rather low $|N-Z|=2$, and therefor requires a highly sensitive technique to be able to provide good enough results to place constraints on $L$, otherwise too large of an uncertainty would void any meaningful discussion.Isotope shift measurements using bunched beam collinear laser spectroscopy of $^{54}$Ni ($I^\pi=0^+,\,\,t_{1/2}=114\,\mathrm{ms}$) and other nickel isotopes were performed at the BEam COoling and LAser spectroscopy (BECOLA) facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. These precise measurements were used to extract the charge radius for $^{54}$Ni for the first time to be $R(^{54}\mathrm{Ni})=3.737 \pm 0.003$\,fm. Using the already known $^{54}$Fe charge radius from literature, the difference in charge radii between the mirror pairs was taken in order to obtain $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}=0.049 \pm 0.004$\,fm. Based on the correlation between $L$ and $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}$ calculated by density functional theory using the Skyrme energy density functional, the present $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}(A=54)$ set a constraint on the $L$ parameter as $21 \le L \le 88$\,MeV. The model takes into account corrections for the quadrupole deformation, which was evaluated through the $\beta_2$ deformation parameter obtained by the reduced $E2$ transition probability $B(E2,\uparrow)$ for $^{54}$Ni.These constraints on $L$ from BECOLA are in good agreement with the GW170817 neutron star merger, whose results also favor the `soft' neutron equation of state, providing an link between a new terrestrial-based experimental method and an astrophysical observation. These results are different from the PREX results, which favor the `stiff' EOS. To add to the systematics, the same method using parity violating electron scattering to measure the electroweak form factor was used with the CREX experiment.Using the $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}$ method has also enabled constraints on the neutron skin for $^{48}$Ca which agree with the CREX results. The tension between CREX and PREX stems from the model-dependent step during the analyses demonstrated by a reevaluation of the PREX results which resulted in a smaller neutron skin and $L$ value consistent with GW170817, BECOLA, and CREX.A global trend analysis evaluated the relationship between $\Delta R_\mathrm{ch}$ and $L$. The results concluded that while there was correlation between the observable and the $L$ parameter, it could not place stringent constrains on the neutron equation of state within the model, hearkening back to model-dependence playing a critical role in the determination of $L$.
Download or read book Modelling of Nuclear Reactor Multi physics written by Christophe Demazière and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modelling of Nuclear Reactor Multiphysics: From Local Balance Equations to Macroscopic Models in Neutronics and Thermal-Hydraulics is an accessible guide to the advanced methods used to model nuclear reactor systems. The book addresses the frontier discipline of neutronic/thermal-hydraulic modelling of nuclear reactor cores, presenting the main techniques in a generic manner and for practical reactor calculations.The modelling of nuclear reactor systems is one of the most challenging tasks in complex system modelling, due to the many different scales and intertwined physical phenomena involved. The nuclear industry as well as the research institutes and universities heavily rely on the use of complex numerical codes. All the commercial codes are based on using different numerical tools for resolving the various physical fields, and to some extent the different scales, whereas the latest research platforms attempt to adopt a more integrated approach in resolving multiple scales and fields of physics. The book presents the main algorithms used in such codes for neutronic and thermal-hydraulic modelling, providing the details of the underlying methods, together with their assumptions and limitations. Because of the rapidly expanding use of coupled calculations for performing safety analyses, the analysists should be equally knowledgeable in all fields (i.e. neutron transport, fluid dynamics, heat transfer).The first chapter introduces the book’s subject matter and explains how to use its digital resources and interactive features. The following chapter derives the governing equations for neutron transport, fluid transport, and heat transfer, so that readers not familiar with any of these fields can comprehend the book without difficulty. The book thereafter examines the peculiarities of nuclear reactor systems and provides an overview of the relevant modelling strategies. Computational methods for neutron transport, first at the cell and assembly levels, then at the core level, and for one-/two-phase flow transport and heat transfer are treated in depth in respective chapters. The coupling between neutron transport solvers and thermal-hydraulic solvers for coarse mesh macroscopic models is given particular attention in a dedicated chapter. The final chapter summarizes the main techniques presented in the book and their interrelation, then explores beyond state-of-the-art modelling techniques relying on more integrated approaches. Covers neutron transport, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer, and their interdependence, in one reference Analyses the emerging area of multi-physics and multi-scale reactor modelling Contains 71 short videos explaining the key concepts and 77 interactive quizzes allowing the readers to test their understanding
Download or read book Computational And Group theoretical Methods In Nuclear Physics Proceedings Of The Symposium In Honor Of Jerry P Draayer s 60th Birthday written by Jorge G Hirsch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-02-13 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symposium “Computational and Group-Theoretical Methods in Nuclear Physics” was organized to celebrate the 60th birthday of Jerry P Draayer, who is Professor of Physics, Lousiana State University, and President of the Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA). The focus of the meeting was on computational and algebraic approaches to the nuclear many-body problem. The presentations highlighted recent experimental and theoretical developments in nuclear structure physics.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences