Download or read book Nuclear Decay Studies Far from stability written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear decay studies far-from-stability are performed not merely to characterize new isotopes, but to establish an experimental footing for improving our theoretical understanding of nuclear structure and decay. Although progress has been made in explaining low-lying level structure for a broad range of nuclei, transition probabilities are not yet quantitatively understood. The ability to understand nuclei far-from-stability is important to astrophysics for extending r- and s-process calculations to unknown nuclei, and to nuclear engineering for decay-heat calculations. Finally, by studying nuclei far-from-stability, we probe extremes of both decay energy and proton-neutron ratios where unforeseen and important new nuclear properties may be exhibited. The decays of nearly 100 isotopes and isomers have been studied with the OASIS mass-separation facility on-line at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory SuperHILAC. These studies have concentrated on neutron-deficient nuclei with 55≤Z≤71 up to A=157 and neutron-rich nuclei with 166≤A≤174. The results of these experiments are combined in this paper with those from many other laboratories to provide insight into systematic trends of beta- and [gamma]-ray transition probabilities near N=82. It is hoped that the smooth systematic trends in these transition probabilities will provide clues towards interpreting the underlying nuclear structure. Nuclei near N=82 and Z=64 are expected to be spherical and should be described by simple Shell Model considerations. Away from the shell closures, deformation sets in which should exhibit itself in the transition probabilities. The Z=64 shell closure is expected to disappear near N=78. The qualitative nature of these phenomena will be discussed.
Download or read book Future Directions in Studies of Nuclei Far from Stability written by Joseph H. Hamilton and published by North-Holland. This book was released on 1980 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of the Beta Decay of Light Projectile Fragments Far from Stability written by David Mikolas and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.
Download or read book Heavy Ions as Probes of Nuclei Far from Stability written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclei located far from stability provide us with an opportunity for studying nuclear matter existing under unusual conditions. In these regions of instability, radioactive decay becomes the predominant technique by which one can obtain structure information. We have been involved in the investigation of nuclear properties of nuclei close to the proton drip line. In our explorations we have utilized heavy-ion fusion, followed by particle evaporation, to produce the extremely neutron-deficient nuclei of interest. In our studies, single-particle states near the 82-neutron shell, populated in the [beta] decay of short-lived nuclides, have been examined and their excitation energies determined. Numerous new isotopes, isomers, and [beta]-delayed-proton and [alpha]-particle emitters have been discovered. This contribution will discuss our particle-decay investigations. These decay modes provide us with a convenient means of discovering new isotopes whose identification opens the way for further, more extensive explorations. Also, particle-decay energies in many instances can be used to determine mass differences between parent and daughter ground states. Such measurements are therefore used to test mass formulae and to obtain estimates of masses for proton rich nuclei. 19 refs., 13 figs.
Download or read book Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry written by Gregory Choppin and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origin of Nuclear Science; Nuclei, Isotopes and Isotope Separation; Nuclear Mass and Stability; Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay; Radionuclides in Nature; Absorption of Nuclear Radiation; Radiation Effects on Matter; Detection and Measurement Techniques; Uses of Radioactive Tracers; Cosmic Radiation and Elementary Particles; Nuclear Structure; Energetics of Nuclear Reactions; Particle Accelerators; Mechanics and Models of Nuclear Reactions; Production of Radionuclides; The Transuranium Elements; Thermonuclear Reactions: the Beginning and the Future; Radiation Biology and Radiation Protection; Principles of Nuclear Power; Nuclear Power Reactors; Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment; Appendices; Solvent Extraction Separations; Answers to Exercises; Isotope Chart; Periodic Table of the Elements; Quantities and Units; Fundamental Constants; Energy Conversion Factors; Element and Nuclide Index; Subject Index.
Download or read book Exotic Nuclear Spectroscopy written by William C. McHarris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several hundred nuclear scientists from more than a dozen countries met in Miami Beach, Florida, in September 1989 for a Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Spectroscopy, sponsored by the Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology of the Amencan Chemical Society. Braving five days of beckoning beaches, they presented, listened to, and discussed a series spectroscopy-both experimental and of invited papers covering the renaissance of nuclear theoretical-that has occurred during the past decade and which promises to continue well into the decade to come. This book contains the Proceedings of that Symposium on Exotic Nuclear Spectroscopy. But it is much more: During the ensuing six months, most of the pa{>ers were rewritten, polished, and/or expanded; so the resulting book is a much more fimshed, comprehensive, and up-to-date product than a general proceedings. Chapter se~uences follow the original symposium program, which, with a few exceptions, juxtaposes like topics. Each chapter can stand more or less on its own-although, as in any complex, interrelated scientific field, there are many cross-references among chapters. The manuscripts were edited and then uniformly typed in the Department of Chemistry at Michigan State University. I tried to keep the editing to a minimum so as to preserve the flavor of individual styles. A great debt of gratitude goes to those who helped make this volume possible, especially to Vada O'Donnell, who bore the largest burden of typing (and clarifying) the manuscripts.
Download or read book The Structure of Nuclei Far from Beta Stability Progress Report May 15 1991 May 14 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses: shape coexistence and intruder states; the electric monopole transition in nuclei; gold isotopes; platinum isotopes; iridium isotopes; search for superdeformation in 192Hg; search for population of superformed states in 194Pb using 194Bi [beta]-decay; detailed nuclear structure studies far from stability; prototype internal pair spectrometer; and picosecond lifetime spectrometer.
Download or read book Radiation Detection for Nuclear Physics written by David Gareth Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Radiation detection is key to experimental nuclear physics as well as underpinning a wide range of applications in nuclear decommissioning, homeland security and medical imaging. This book presents the state-of-the-art in radiation detection of light and heavy ions, beta particles, gamma rays and neutrons. The underpinning physics of different detector technologies is presented, and their performance is compared and contrasted. Detector technology likely to be encountered in contemporary international laboratories is also emphasized. There is a strong focus on experimental design and mapping detector technology to the needs of a particular measurement problem. This book will be invaluable to PhD students in experimental nuclear physics and nuclear technology, as well as undergraduate students encountering projects based on radiation detection for the first time. Part of IOP Series in Nuclear Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure." -- Prové de l'editor.
Download or read book Nuclear Beta Decay Far from Stability and Astrophysics written by H. V. Klapdor and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exotic Nuclear Structures and Decays written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the properties of exotic nuclei have revealed a surprising richness and diversity in their shapes, structures, and decay modes far exceeding our understandings and expectations of even a decay ago. From studies of far-off-stability exotic nuclei have come evidence for the coexistence of different nuclear shapes in the same nucleus, new regions of unusually large deformation, new ground-state phase transitions from one shape to another, new magic numbers but now for deformed shapes, and for the importance of reinforcing shell gaps. New exotic decay modes include a wide variety of beta delayed particle emission and heavy cluster emissions such as 14C and 24Ne. The new deformed magic numbers of 38 and 60 seen far off stability clearly support that there are likely other ''magic'' numbers for protons and neutrons which give stability to different deformed shapes. Perhaps these other new magic shell gap numbers at large deformation could influence the sticking of two very heavy nuclei in collisions such as U on Cm. Finally, another area which could have a bearing on the formation, motions, and structures of giant nuclear systems involves the recent observation of very energetic, light particle (proton, alpha) emission with up to 50% and more of the total incoming energy in a collision, for example in 300 MeV 32S on Ta. 43 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.
Download or read book The Structure of Nuclei Far from Stability Dept of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State Univ Baton Rouge Louisiana written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on nuclei near Z=82 contributed to the establishment of a new region of nuclear deformation and a new class of nuclear structure at closed shells. A important aspect of this work is the establishment of the connection between low-lying 0[sup +] states in even[endash]even nuclei and the occurrence of shape coexistence in the odd-mass neighbors (E0 transitions in [sup 185]Pt, shape coexistence in [sup 184]Pt and [sup 187]Au). A new type of picosecond lifetime measurement system capable of measuring the lifetime of states that decay only by internal conversion was developed and applied to the [sup 186,188]Tl decay to determine the lifetime of the 0[sub 2][sup +] and 2[sub 2][sup +] deformed states in [sup 186,188]Hg. A search for the population of superdeformed states in [sup 192]Hg by the radioactive decay of [sup 192]Tl was accomplished by using a prototype internal pair formation spectrometer.
Download or read book The Structure of Nuclei Far from Beta Stability written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses: shape coexistence and intruder states; the electric monopole transition in nuclei; gold isotopes; platinum isotopes; iridium isotopes; search for superdeformation in 192Hg; search for population of superformed states in 194Pb using 194Bi?-decay; detailed nuclear structure studies far from stability; prototype internal pair spectrometer; and picosecond lifetime spectrometer.
Download or read book Nuclei Far from Stability and Astrophysics written by Dorin N. Poenaru and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad range of topics of current interest are discussed, from nuclear structure at the edge of stability to nuclear astrophysics and cosmic ray physics at the highest energies. Both the state of the art and basic background information are presented with a particular emphasis on interrelated research interests. The writers are all active scientists who enjoy the highest international reputation. They cover a range of problems of nuclear structure, in particular those concerning exotic nuclei and their decay modes, their relevance to nuclear reaction chains in stellar burning processes at various astrophysical sites, and as yet unsolved questions concerning the origin, acceleration mechanism, energy spectrum and elemental composition of high energy cosmic rays. Readership: Postgraduate physicists interested in the development of modern radioactive beam facilities, large array gamma ray and cosmic ray detectors, and new theoretical tools.
Download or read book Reflections And Directions In Low Energy Heavy ion Physics Celebrating Twenty Years Of Unisor And Ten Years Of The Joint Institute For Heavy Ion Research written by Joseph H Hamilton and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1993-07-31 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This symposium on Reflections and Directions in Low Energy Heavy-Ion Physics celebrates twenty years of the University Isotope Separator at Oak Ridge (UNISOR) and ten years of the Joint Institute for Heavy Ion Research (JIHIR). It reflects on the accomplishments in low energy heavy-ion science and emphasizes the new directions and opportunities to be explored with low energy heavy-ion facilities. It includes a special section devoted to structure theory and another emphasizing new research to result from facilities exhibiting radioactive ion beam capabilities, new generation recoil mass spectrometers and sophisticated gamma-ray detector arrays. With the participation of leading researchers in the field, the proceedings of this conference is a major reference work for graduate students and research workers in nuclear physics.
Download or read book The Structure of Nuclei Far from Stability Progress Report May 15 1992 May 14 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies on nuclei near Z=82 contributed to the establishment of a new region of nuclear deformation and a new class of nuclear structure at closed shells. A important aspect of this work is the establishment of the connection between low-lying 0 states in even-even nuclei and the occurrence of shape coexistence in the odd-mass neighbors (E0 transitions in 185Pt, shape coexistence in 184Pt and 187Au). A new type of picosecond lifetime measurement system capable of measuring the lifetime of states that decay only by internal conversion was developed and applied to the {sup 186,188}Tl decay to determine the lifetime of the 02 and 22+ deformed states in {sup 186,188}Hg. A search for the population of superdeformed states in 192Hg by the radioactive decay of 192Tl was accomplished by using a prototype internal pair formation spectrometer.
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.
