Download or read book NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Sodium Tungstate Dihydrate CASRN 10213 10 2 in Sprague Dawley Hsd Sprague Dawley r SD r Rats and B6C3F1 N Mice Drinking Water Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PERINATAL AND THREE-MONTH STUDY IN RATS: Beginning on GD\s6, groups of eight F0\stime-mated female rats were exposed to ST in drinking water throughout gestation and lactation at one of five exposure concentrations (125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000\smg/L) or were provided the vehicle control (deionized water). Groups of 10 F1\srats per sex continued on in the study after weaning and were given drinking water containing the same respective ST concentrations for 3\smonths. There were no significant effects of ST exposure on pregnancy status, maternal survival, or littering parameters. By the end of lactation, dams in the 1,000 and 2,000\smg/L groups showed significant decreases in group mean body weight of approximately 10% and 18%, respectively, and water consumption was significantly decreased for the 500, 1,000, and 2,000\smg/L groups relative to the vehicle control group over the LD\s17 to LD\s21 interval. When adjusted for litter size, the mean body weight of male and female pups in the 2,000\smg/L group on PND\s21 was significantly decreased by approximately 16% and 11%, respectively, compared to the corresponding vehicle control groups. There were no early deaths during the 3-month study. When compared to the vehicle control group, final mean body weights were lower for the 1,000 and 2,000\smg/L males and 2,000 mg/L females. Water consumption was lower for the 1,000 and 2,000\smg/L males and females. The urine xanthine/creatinine ratios were significantly increased in all male and female exposed groups. Serum insulin concentrations were significantly decreased in the 2,000\smg/L males relative to the vehicle control males. Significantly decreased absolute weights were observed in several organs but were considered secondary to body weights reductions. Exposure-related histological lesions were limited to the kidneys and included increased incidences of renal tubule regeneration in the 1,000 and 2,000\smg/L males and females; the increases in the 2,000\smg/L groups were significant relative to the vehicle control group. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of these 2-year drinking water studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of sodium tungstate dihydrate (ST) in male Hsd:Sprague Dawley(r) SD(r) rats at exposure concentrations of 250, 500, or 1,000\smg/L. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of ST in female Hsd:Sprague Dawley(r) SD(r) rats based on increased incidences of C-cell adenoma or carcinoma (combined) of the thyroid gland. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of ST in male B6C3F1/N mice based on the occurrences of renal tubule adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in exposed animals. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of ST in female B6C3F1/N mice at exposure concentrations of 500, 1,000, or 2,000\smg/L. Exposure to ST in drinking water caused increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions in the kidney of male and female rats and mice, in the uterus of female rats, in the large intestine of male and female mice, and in the testes of male mice.SYNONYMS: Tungstic acid sodium salt dehydrate.
Download or read book National Toxicology Program Annual Report for Fiscal Year written by National Toxicology Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Validation of Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing written by Chantra Eskes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on best practices and new thinking regarding the validation of alternative methods for toxicity testing. It covers the validation of experimental and computational methods and integrated approaches to testing and assessment. Validation strategies are discussed for methods employing the latest technologies such as tissue-on-a-chip systems, stem cells and transcriptomics, and for methods derived from pathway-based concepts in toxicology. Validation of Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing is divided into two sections, in the first, practical insights are given on the state-of-the-art and on approaches that have resulted in successfully validated and accepted alternative methods. The second section focuses on the evolution of validation principles and practice that are necessary to ensure fit-for-purpose validation that has the greatest impact on international regulatory acceptance of alternative methods. In this context validation needs to keep pace with the considerable scientific advancements being made in toxicology, the availability of sophisticated tools and techniques that can be applied in a variety of ways, and the increasing societal and regulatory demands for better safety assessment. This book will be a useful resource for scientists in the field of toxicology, both from industry and academia, developing new test methods, strategies or techniques, as well as Governmental and regulatory authorities interested in understanding the principles and practicalities of validation of alternative methods for toxicity testing.
Download or read book Translational Toxicology written by Claude L. Hughes and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-03-23 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together a distinguished interdisciplinary team of contributors, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of translational toxicology—a systematic approach to developing therapeutic interventions that can protect against, mitigate, or reverse the effects of exposures. In particular, the book addresses modes of action and biomarkers, developmental risks of exposures, and potential translational toxicology therapeutics. The result is a compelling application of developmental toxicology in a new therapeutic discipline that is destined to become part of standard medical practice. Translational Toxicology: Defining a New Therapeutic Discipline is an essential text for regulatory authorities, scientists, and physicians who are concerned with environmental exposures, public health, nutrition, and pharmaceutical research and development. Basic science, epidemiological, and clinical investigators will also find this book a significant resource.
Download or read book Significant New Use Rules on Certain Chemical Substances Us Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Epa 2018 Edition written by Law Library and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-09 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant New Use - Rules on Certain Chemical Substances (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Significant New Use - Rules on Certain Chemical Substances (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 EPA is promulgating significant new use rules (SNURs) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for 57 chemical substances which were the subject of premanufacture notices (PMNs). The applicable review periods for the PMNs submitted for these 57 chemical substances all ended prior to June 22, 2016 (i.e., the date on which President Obama signed into law the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act which amends TSCA). Thirty-four of these chemical substances are subject to TSCA section 5(e) consent orders issued by EPA. This action requires persons who intend to manufacture (defined by statute to include import) or process any of these 57 chemical substances for an activity that is designated as a significant new use by this rule to notify EPA at least 90 days before commencing that activity. The required notification initiates EPA's evaluation of the intended use within the applicable review period. Manufacture and processing for the significant new use is unable to commence until EPA has conducted a review of the notice, made an appropriate determination on the notice, and take such actions as are required with that determination. This book contains: - The complete text of the Significant New Use - Rules on Certain Chemical Substances (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section
Download or read book Chemical Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adverse Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials written by Bengt Fadeel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential reference that discusses occupational exposure and the adverse health effects of engineered nanomaterials and highlights current and future biomedical applications of these nanomaterials in relation to nanosafety.
Download or read book NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of P chloro trifluorotoluene CASRN 98 56 6 in Sprague Dawley HSD Sprague Dawley SD Rats and B6C3F1 N Mice inhalation Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat written by George A Parker and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-04 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat should be of interest to toxicologic pathologists, toxicologists, and other biological scientists who are interested in the histomorphology of juvenile rats. For several decades the laboratory rat has been used extensively in nonclinical toxicology studies designed to detect potential human toxicity of drugs, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals, and environmental hazards. These studies traditionally have involved young adult rats that are 8-10 weeks of age as studies are started. It is becoming increasingly apparent that children and young animals may have different responses to drug/chemical exposures, therefore, regulatory agencies are emphasizing toxicology studies in juvenile animals. While the histologic features of organs from young adult and aged laboratory rats are well known, less is known about the histologic features of organs from juvenile rats. Final histologic maturity of many organs is achieved postnatally, thus immature histologic features must be distinguished from chemical- or drug-related effects. While this postnatal organ development is known to exist as a general concept, detailed information regarding postnatal histologic development is not readily available. The Atlas includes organs that are typically sampled in nonclinical toxicology studies and presents the histologic features at weekly intervals, starting at birth and extending through postnatal day 42. - Written and edited by highly experienced, board-certified toxicologic pathologists - Includes more than 700 high-resolution microscopic images from organs that are typically examined in safety assessment toxicology studies - Detailed figure legends and chapter narratives present the salient features of each organ at each time interval - Figures are available for further study via Elsevier's Virtual Microscope, which allows viewing of microscopic images at higher magnification - Valuable resource for toxicologic pathologists who are confronted with interpretation of lesions in juvenile rats in situations where age-matched concurrent controls are not available for comparison, e.g., with unscheduled decedents - Figures are available for further study on ScienceDirect with Virtual Microscope, which allows viewing of microscopic images at higher magnification
Download or read book NTP Toxicity Study Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Select Ionic Liquids 1 Ethyl 3 Methylimidazolium Chloride 1 Butyl 3 Methylimidazolium Chloride 1 Butyl 1 Methylpyrrolidinium Chloride and N Butylpyridinium Chloride Administered in Drinking Water to Sprague Dawley Hsd Sprague Dawley r SD r Rats and B6C3F1 N Mice written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionic liquids (ILs) are synthetic solvents with applications in a variety of industrial and chemical industries. Human exposure to this diverse chemical class is primarily through dermal or oral routes. Research suggests toxicity may be associated with IL structural characteristics, including the type of cation base or alkyl chain substitutions associated with the cation. To further investigate this hypothesis, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted 3-month toxicity studies in male and female Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley(r) SD(r)) rats and B6C3F1/N mice (n\s=\s10/sex/exposure group; 3\sexposure concentrations per IL) to compare the relative toxicities of four ILs administered via drinking water--1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Emim-Cl),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Bmim-Cl), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (Bmpy-Cl), and n-butylpyridinium chloride (NBuPy-Cl). To select exposure concentrations for the 3-month studies, 2-week drinking water studies in rats and mice were conducted to assess palatability and toxicity of each IL. Informed by the literature and preliminary palatability studies, exposure concentrations in the 2-week studies ranged from 0\sto 100\smg/mL. Clinical observations (e.g., thinness and ruffled fur), lower water consumption, and lower mean body weights were associated with higher IL exposure concentrations. At the end of the 2-week exposure period, a range of organ weight changes and histological lesions was observed in rats and mice exposed to ILs. These observations were considered secondary to body weight changes and/or stress, rather than a direct toxic effect from 2-week IL exposure. Exposure concentrations (ranging from 0\sto 30\smg/mL) were selected for the 3-month studies because of the observed relative decreases in mean body weight (≤10%) and water consumption (
