Download or read book NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Pinene CASRN 80 56 8 Administered by Inhalation to F344 N Rats and B6C3F1 N Mice written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Trimethylsilyldiazomethane CASRN 18107 18 1 Administered by Nose only Inhalation to Sprague Dawley Hsd Sprague Dawley r SD r Rats and B6C3F1 N Mice written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSD) is a methylating reagent widely used in organic chemistry. TMSD is structurally related to the compound diazomethane, which is a known lethal respiratory toxicant in humans and in animal models. TMSD is less reactive (with lower explosive potential) than diazomethane and is considered a safer, less toxic alternative. Few toxicity data are available to support this claim, however, and TMSD is readily available commercially from chemical suppliers. Concern over the inhalation toxicity of TMSD originates from reports of the death of two chemists resulting from lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome following exposure to TMSD in the workplace. Other concerns include the known inhalation toxicity of diazomethane and the absence of inhalation toxicity data for TMSD. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted this study to evaluate the acute inhalation toxicity of TMSD in vivo. Groups of eight male Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley(r) SD(r)) rats and eight male B6C3F1/N mice were exposed by nose-only inhalation to targeted vapor concentrations of 0 s(air), 0 s(hexanes), or 10 sppm TMSD (in hexanes) for 1 day (30 sminutes) with or without a 9-day recovery period following exposure (1-day exposure or 1-day exposure - recovery). Groups of eight male rats and eight male mice were also exposed to 0 s(air), 0 s(hexanes), 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 sppm TMSD (in hexanes) by nose-only inhalation for up to 5 sdays (30 sminutes/day) with or without a 5-day recovery period following exposure (5-day exposure or 5-day exposure - recovery). Animals were either euthanized the day after the single or last exposure or held for 9 sor 5 days postexposure, respectively, and euthanized to assess recovery and delayed effects in the absence of TMSD exposure. All TMSD-exposed rats survived until scheduled termination. In the 5-day exposure - recovery group exposed to 10 sppm, 4/8 (50%) of the rats exhibited labored breathing. Final mean body weights for the 1-day exposure and 1-day exposure - recovery group rats were similar to those of the air control group, but they were significantly decreased in the 5-day exposure (11.7% lower) and 5-day exposure - recovery rat groups (10.4% lower) at 10 sppm TMSD relative to the air control group. Final mean body weight gains in the 5-day exposure and 5-day exposure - recovery rat groups at 10 sppm TMSD were also significantly decreased relative to the air control groups. Absolute and relative lung weights were significantly decreased in the 1-day exposure rat group at 10 sppm TMSD. Absolute and relative lung weights of rats were significantly increased in the three other exposure groups at the same or lower exposure concentrations: 1-day exposure - recovery group at 10 sppm TMSD, 5-day exposure group at 3 sand 10 sppm TMSD, and 5-day exposure - recovery group at ≥0.3 sppm TMSD exposure concentrations. No exposure-related histopathological lesions were present in the 1-day exposure and 1-day exposure - recovery rat groups at 10 sppm TMSD. In the 5-day exposure and 5-day exposure - recovery groups, increased incidences of lung histopathological lesions included chronic-active inflammation (≥3 sppm), histiocyte (alveolar macrophage) infiltration (3 sppm), interstitial fibrosis (10 sppm), pulmonary edema (10 sppm), acute hemorrhage (10 sppm), and alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia (10 sppm). Alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia were also noted at 3 sppm TMSD in the 5-day exposure group. In addition, increased incidences of histiocyte infiltration in the mediastinal lymph nodes were observed in all rats exposed to 10 sppm TMSD in the 5-day exposure and 5-day exposure - recovery groups. Inhaled TMSD was more toxic in mice than in rats. Five mice in the 1-day exposure - recovery group and all mice in the 5-day exposure and 5-day exposure - recovery groups died or were euthanized prior to scheduled termination after only one to three exposures, and 19/24 (79%) of the 10 sppm-exposed mice exhibited labored breathing. In the 5-day exposure - recovery group exposed to 3 sppm, all mice (8/8) exhibited labored breathing. Final mean body weights for the 1-day exposure group were similar to the air control group. In the 1-day exposure - recovery group, final mean body weights of the three mice remaining at study day s9 were significantly decreased (26.8% less than the air control group); final mean body weight gain was also significantly decreased in this group. Final mean body weights were significantly decreased in the 5-day exposure group mice at 3 sppm (10.2% lower) and 10 sppm (16.5% lower) and also in the 5-day exposure - recovery group mice at 3 sppm (21.7% lower) and 10 sppm (18.4% lower). Final mean body weight gains were also significantly decreased in both the 5-day exposure group (3 sppm) and the 5-day exposure - recovery group (1 and 3 sppm). Absolute and relative lung weights were significantly increased in the 1-day exposure and 1-day exposure - recovery mouse groups at 10 sppm TMSD, in the 5-day exposure group mice at ≥0.3 sppm, and in the 5-day exposure - recovery group mice at ≥1 sppm. Increased incidences of lung histopathological lesions in mice were similar to those observed in rats, but also included necrosis and acute inflammation and were observed at greater incidences in the 1 and 3 sppm groups. In addition, lesions occurred in the larynx of mice exposed to 3 and 10 sppm TMSD, which included squamous epithelial hyperplasia and ulceration and acute inflammation. Lung and laryngeal lesions in the 1-day exposure - recovery mouse group at 10 sppm TMSD were similar to those in the 5-day exposure - recovery mouse group but occurred at lower incidences. This in vivo study showed that inhaled TMSD at low vapor concentrations (≤10 sppm) caused acute and progressive lung injury, as reported in human case studies (in particular, pulmonary edema), and that these effects can occur after a single 30-minute exposure to the chemical. These data provide useful information for mitigating exposure risks in the workplace and alerting chemical suppliers to the dangers of TMSD.SYNONYMS: (trimethylsilyl) diazomethane; diazo((trimethylsilyl))methane; diazomethyl(trimethyl)silane; (diazomethyl)trimethylsilane; diazomethyltrimethyl silane; silane, (diazomethyl)trimethyl-; TMS-diazomethane; TMSCHN2.
Download or read book Essential Oils written by Rajendra Chandra Padalia and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential oils are simply the volatile oils of plants. These are concentrated liquids contain many terpenes, alkaloids and alcohols etc. Various compounds of essential oils have bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and anti-fungal etc. This book describes the sources of essential oils, extraction and production method, characterizing tools, bioactivity, and various applications in the field of industries, daily usage, agriculture, health, and food.
Download or read book NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of chlorpheniramine maleate CAS no 113 92 8 in F344 N rats and B6C3F1 mice written by USA National Toxicology Program and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Toxicology Program Annual Report for Fiscal Year written by National Toxicology Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in a series of monographs which are intended to promote information exchange and international harmonised standards for the quality control and use of herbal medicines. It contains scientific information on 30 selected plants, and each entry includes a pharmacopoeial summary for quality assurance purposes, information on its clinical application and sections on contraindications, pharmacology, safety issues, and dosage forms. It provides two cumulative indexes with entries in alphabetical order by plant name and according to the plant material of interest.
Download or read book Chemistry and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Environment written by H.J. Bloemen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the occurrence and behaviour of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is increasing due to their adverse effects on the environment and human health. It is essential that information is made available on the various aspects of research on VOCs to enable better understanding and control of the various environmental and human health threats. The information in this book will be used to improve communication and understanding of the various approaches. In particular the potential and limitations of the described analytical methods will be essential in defining environmental studies and interpreting the results.
Download or read book Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and a food contaminant with a view to concluding as to safety concerns and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of and assessment of dietary exposure to food additives. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical toxicological and dietary exposure data for seven food additives (advantame; glucoamylase from Trichoderma reesei expressed in Trichoderma reesei; glycerol ester of gum rosin; glycerol ester of tall oil rosin; glycerol ester of wood rosin; nisin; and octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic) and an assessment of dietary exposure to cadmium from cocoa and cocoa products. Specifications for the following food additives were revised: annatto extracts (solvent-extracted bixin and solvent-extracted norbixin); Benzoe tonkinensis; food additives containing aluminium and/or silicon; mineral oil (medium viscosity); modified starches; paprika extract; phosphates (analytical methods for the determination of phosphorus and revision of specifications); 3-phytase from Aspergillus niger expressed in Aspergillus niger; potassium aluminium silicate; and potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments. Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee's recommendations for dietary exposures to and toxicological evaluations of the food additives and contaminant considered.
Download or read book Pesticide Toxicology and International Regulation written by Timothy T. Marrs and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-02-13 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieser Band gehört zur bekannten Wiley-Reihe 'Current Toxicology Series' und befasst sich ausführlich mit der Pestizidtoxikologie. Untersucht werden Pestizide nach Gruppen (z. B. Insektizide und Fungizide), ihre Rückstände in Lebensmitteln sowie die Metabolisierung von Pestiziden. Darüber hinaus werden berufsbezogene Aspekte und die Behandlung von Vergiftungserscheinungen umfassend diskutiert. "Pesticide Toxicology" ist das erste einbändige Werk zum Thema Pestizide, das spezialisierte und dennoch umfassende Informationen sowohl für Experten als auch für Doktoranden bereit hält. Herausgeber Timothy Marrs ist ein international anerkannter Experte in der Pestizidforschung und genießt großes Ansehen auf dem Gebiet der Toxikologie. Geschrieben wurde der Band von einem Team international renommierterToxikologen.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Heptachlor and Heptachlor Epoxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Security Assessment and Management of Obsolete Pesticides in Southeast Europe written by Lubomir I. Simeonov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work is a fine contribution to the broad field of environmental security in the context of risk assessment and management of obsolete pesticides for the region of Southeast Europe. The purpose of this book is to evaluate the existing knowledge of improper disposal of obsolete pesticides in the region, to estimate the associated impact on environmental health, and to develop recommendations to mitigate or eliminate threats posed to the environment, biodiversity and human life. The issues discussed in the book include: reviews of the transport and fate of pesticides and associated contaminated materials in different environmental media and identification of the principal sources, emission routes and patterns of environmental pollution with pesticides; a recognition of the most suitable methods for environmental sampling analysis and sample preparation; an evaluation of the current methods and techniques for chemical and mass analysis of environmental and biological samples and discussion of the metrological and quality aspects of trace analyses; a characterization of the environmental and human health impacts of pesticide pollution, the health effects associated with acute and chronic exposure and the use of epidemiological data for risk assessment; a revision of the existing chemical safety regulations and strategies for protection and management of obsolete pesticide stocks; a survey of the international conventions, directives and standards concerning pesticide use.
Download or read book Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Spices written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional uses of spices : an overview / Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara ... [et al.] -- Black pepper (Piper nigrum) and its bioactive compound, piperine / Krishnapura Srinivasan -- Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and its active constituent, 1,8-cineole / Archana Sengupta and Shamee Bhattacharjee -- Molecular targets and health benefits of cinnamon / Kiran Panickar ... [et al.] -- Cloves (eugenol) / Yoshinori Kadoma ... [et al.] -- Coriander / Sanjeev Shukla and Sanjay Gupta -- Fenugreek (diosgenin) / Jayadev Raju and Chinthalapally V. Rao -- Diallyl sulfide from garlic / Girija Kuttan and Punathil Thejass -- Ginger (6-gingerol) / Nidhi Nigam, Jasmine George, and Yogeshwer Shukla -- Kalonji (thymoquinone) / Ahmed O. Kaseb and Abdel-Hafez A. Selim -- Kokum (garcinol) / Manoj K. Pandey, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, and Bharat B. Aggarwal -- Capsaicin : a hot spice in the chemoprevention of cancer / Joydeb Kumar Kundu and Young-Joon Surh -- Rosemary (rosmarinic acid) / Jongsung Lee ... [et al.] -- Mint and its constituents / Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara ... [et al.] -- Turmeric (curcumin) / Jen-Kun Lin and Shoei-Yn Lin Shiau.
Download or read book Alternative Toxicological Methods written by Harry Salem and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-03-26 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist
Download or read book The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs written by Leslie Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainforests contain an amazing abundance of plant life. What's most exciting is that scientists and researchers have only just begun to uncover the medicinal qualities of these plants, which offer new approaches to health and healing. "The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs is a valuable guide to these herbs and their uses. Detailing more than fifty rainforest botanicals, this book provides preparation instructions, presents the history of the herbs' uses by indigenous peoples, and describes current usage by natural health practitioners throughout the world. Helpful tables provide a quick guide for choosing the most appropriate botanicals for specific ailments. Here is a unique book that offers a blend of ancient and modern knowledge in an accessible reference format.
Download or read book Toxins in Food written by Waldemar M. Dabrowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-11-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While systems such as GMP and HACCP assure a high standard of food quality, foodborne poisonings still pose a serious hazard to the consumer's health. The lack of knowledge among some producers and consumers regarding the risks and benefits related to food makes it imperative to provide updated information in order to improve food safety. To
Download or read book Country Tables written by The World Bank (Washington, D.C.). and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1977-01-01 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
