Download or read book Nowhere Dense Classes of Graphs written by Siebertz, Sebastian and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that every first-order property of graphs can be decided in almost linear time on every nowhere dense class of graphs. For graph classes closed under taking subgraphs, our result is optimal (under a standard complexity theoretic assumption): it was known before that for all classes C of graphs closed under taking subgraphs, if deciding first-order properties of graphs in C is fixed-parameter tractable, parameterized by the length of the input formula, then C must be nowhere dense. Nowhere dense graph classes form a large variety of classes of sparse graphs including the class of planar graphs, actually all classes with excluded minors, and also bounded degree graphs and graph classes of bounded expansion. For our proof, we provide two new characterisations of nowhere dense classes of graphs. The first characterisation is in terms of a game, which explains the local structure of graphs from nowhere dense classes. The second characterisation is by the existence of sparse neighbourhood covers. On the logical side, we prove a rank-preserving version of Gaifman's locality theorem. The characterisation by neighbourhood covers is based on a characterisation of nowhere dense classes by generalised colouring numbers. We show several new bounds for the generalised colouring numbers on restricted graph classes, such as for proper minor closed classes and for planar graphs. Finally, we study the parameterized complexity of the first-order model-checking problem on structures where an ordering is available to be used in formulas. We show that first-order logic on ordered structures as well as on structures with a successor relation is essentially intractable on nearly all interesting classes. On the other hand, we show that the model-checking problem of order-invariant monadic second-order logic is tractable essentially on the same classes as plain monadic second-order logic and that the model-checking problem for successor-invariant first-order logic is tractable on planar graphs. Wir zeigen, dass jede Eigenschaft von Graphen aus einer nowhere dense Klasse von Graphen, die in der Präadikatenlogik formuliert werden kann, in fast linearer Zeit entschieden werden kann. Dieses Ergebnis ist optimal für Klassen von Graphen, die unter Subgraphen abgeschlossen sind (unter einer Standardannahme aus der Komplexitätstheorie). Um den obigen Satz zu beweisen, führen wir zwei neue Charakterisierungen von nowhere dense Klassen von Graphen ein. Zunächst charakterisieren wir solche Klassen durch ein Spiel, das die lokalen Eigenschaften von Graphen beschreibt. Weiter zeigen wir, dass eine Klasse, die unter Subgraphen abgeschlossen ist, genau dann nowhere dense ist, wenn alle lokalen Nachbarschaften von Graphen der Klasse dünn überdeckt werden können. Weiterhin beweisen wir eine erweiterte Version von Gaifman's Lokalitätssatz für die Prädikatenlogik, der eine Übersetzung von Formeln in lokale Formeln des gleichen Ranges erlaubt. In Kombination erlauben diese neuen Charakterisierungen einen effizienten, rekursiven Lösungsansatz für das Model-Checking Problem der Prädikatenlogik. Die Charakterisierung der nowhere dense Graphklassen durch die oben beschriebenen Überdeckungen basiert auf einer bekannten Charakterisierung durch verallgemeinerte Färbungszahlen. Unser Studium dieser Zahlen führt zu neuen, verbesserten Schranken für die verallgemeinerten Färbungszahlen von nowhere dense Klassen von Graphen, insbesondere für einige wichtige Subklassen, z. B. für Klassen mit ausgeschlossenen Minoren und für planare Graphen. Zuletzt untersuchen wir, welche Auswirkungen eine Erweiterung der Logik durch Ordnungs- bzw. Nachfolgerrelationen auf die Komplexität des Model-Checking Problems hat. Wir zeigen, dass das Problem auf fast allen interessanten Klassen nicht effizient gelöst werden kann, wenn eine beliebige Ordnungs- oder Nachfolgerrelation zum Graphen hinzugefügt wird. Andererseits zeigen wir, dass das Problem für ordnungsinvariante monadische Logik zweiter Stufe auf allen Klassen, für die bekannt ist, dass es für monadische Logik zweiter Stufe effizient gelöst werden kann, auch effizient gelöst werden kann. Wir zeigen, dass das Problem für nachfolgerinvariante Prädikatenlogik auf planaren Graphen effizient gelöst werden kann.
Download or read book Nowhere Dense Classes of Graphs written by Sebastian Siebertz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Query Enumeration and Nowhere Dense Graphs written by Alexandre Vigny and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of my thesis lies between complexity, algorithmic and logic. In particular, we are interested in the complexity of evaluating query.More precisely, given G a finite graph. A query q defines a subset of k-tuples of vertices of G that we note q(G). We call k the arity of q and we then try to efficiently perform the following tasks:1) decide whether the set q G) is empty.2) decide whether a given k-tuplet belongs to the set of solutions q(G).3) calculate the number of solutions.4) enumerate the elements of q(G).Regarding the 4th task, an algorithm that will enumerate the solutions can be decomposed into two steps. The first is called preprocessing and is used to prepare the enumeration. Ideally this step only requires a time linear in the size of the graph. The second step is the enumeration properly speaking. The time needed to get a new solution is called the delay. Ideally we want the delay to not depend on the size of the graph but only on the size of the query. We then talk about constant delay enumeration after linear preprocessing.At the beginning of this thesis, a large part of the interrogations about classes of graphs for which a constant delay enumeration is possible seemed to be located around the classes of nowhere dense graphs.
Download or read book Proceedings Of The International Congress Of Mathematicians 2010 Icm 2010 In 4 Volumes Vol I Plenary Lectures And Ceremonies Vols Ii iv Invited Lectures written by Rajendra Bhatia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011-06-06 with total page 4137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ICM 2010 proceedings comprises a four-volume set containing articles based on plenary lectures and invited section lectures, the Abel and Noether lectures, as well as contributions based on lectures delivered by the recipients of the Fields Medal, the Nevanlinna, and Chern Prizes. The first volume will also contain the speeches at the opening and closing ceremonies and other highlights of the Congress.
Download or read book A Unified Approach to Structural Limits and Limits of Graphs with Bounded Tree Depth written by Jaroslav Nešetřil and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper the authors introduce a general framework for the study of limits of relational structures and graphs in particular, which is based on a combination of model theory and (functional) analysis. The authors show how the various approaches to graph limits fit to this framework and that the authors naturally appear as “tractable cases” of a general theory. As an outcome of this, the authors provide extensions of known results. The authors believe that this puts these into a broader context. The second part of the paper is devoted to the study of sparse structures. First, the authors consider limits of structures with bounded diameter connected components and prove that in this case the convergence can be “almost” studied component-wise. They also propose the structure of limit objects for convergent sequences of sparse structures. Eventually, they consider the specific case of limits of colored rooted trees with bounded height and of graphs with bounded tree-depth, motivated by their role as “elementary bricks” these graphs play in decompositions of sparse graphs, and give an explicit construction of a limit object in this case. This limit object is a graph built on a standard probability space with the property that every first-order definable set of tuples is measurable. This is an example of the general concept of modeling the authors introduce here. Their example is also the first “intermediate class” with explicitly defined limit structures where the inverse problem has been solved.
Download or read book Sparsity written by Jaroslav Nešetřil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book devoted to the systematic study of sparse graphs and sparse finite structures. Although the notion of sparsity appears in various contexts and is a typical example of a hard to define notion, the authors devised an unifying classification of general classes of structures. This approach is very robust and it has many remarkable properties. For example the classification is expressible in many different ways involving most extremal combinatorial invariants. This study of sparse structures found applications in such diverse areas as algorithmic graph theory, complexity of algorithms, property testing, descriptive complexity and mathematical logic (homomorphism preservation,fixed parameter tractability and constraint satisfaction problems). It should be stressed that despite of its generality this approach leads to linear (and nearly linear) algorithms. Jaroslav Nešetřil is a professor at Charles University, Prague; Patrice Ossona de Mendez is a CNRS researcher et EHESS, Paris. This book is related to the material presented by the first author at ICM 2010.
Download or read book Topics in Algorithmic Graph Theory written by Lowell W. Beineke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithmic graph theory has been expanding at an extremely rapid rate since the middle of the twentieth century, in parallel with the growth of computer science and the accompanying utilization of computers, where efficient algorithms have been a prime goal. This book presents material on developments on graph algorithms and related concepts that will be of value to both mathematicians and computer scientists, at a level suitable for graduate students, researchers and instructors. The fifteen expository chapters, written by acknowledged international experts on their subjects, focus on the application of algorithms to solve particular problems. All chapters were carefully edited to enhance readability and standardize the chapter structure as well as the terminology and notation. The editors provide basic background material in graph theory, and a chapter written by the book's Academic Consultant, Martin Charles Golumbic (University of Haifa, Israel), provides background material on algorithms as connected with graph theory.
Download or read book Model Theoretic Methods in Finite Combinatorics written by Martin Grohe and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the AMS-ASL Special Session on Model Theoretic Methods in Finite Combinatorics, held January 5-8, 2009, in Washington, DC. Over the last 20 years, various new connections between model theory and finite combinatorics emerged. The best known of these are in the area of 0-1 laws, but in recent years other very promising interactions between model theory and combinatorics have been developed in areas such as extremal combinatorics and graph limits, graph polynomials, homomorphism functions and related counting functions, and discrete algorithms, touching the boundaries of computer science and statistical physics. This volume highlights some of the main results, techniques, and research directions of the area. Topics covered in this volume include recent developments on 0-1 laws and their variations, counting functions defined by homomorphisms and graph polynomials and their relation to logic, recurrences and spectra, the logical complexity of graphs, algorithmic meta theorems based on logic, universal and homogeneous structures, and logical aspects of Ramsey theory.
Download or read book Geometry Structure and Randomness in Combinatorics written by Jiří Matousek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects some surveys on current trends in discrete mathematics and discrete geometry. The areas covered include: graph representations, structural graphs theory, extremal graph theory, Ramsey theory and constrained satisfaction problems.
Download or read book Graph Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science written by Ernst W. Mayr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-04 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes revised selected papers from the 41st International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2015, held in Garching, Germany, in June 2015. The 32 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: invited talks; computational complexity; design and analysis; computational geometry; structural graph theory; graph drawing; and fixed parameter tractability.
Download or read book An Irregular Mind written by Imre Bárány and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Szemerédi's influence on today's mathematics, especially in combinatorics, additive number theory, and theoretical computer science, is enormous. This volume is a celebration of Szemerédi's achievements and personality, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. It exemplifies his extraordinary vision and unique way of thinking. A number of colleagues and friends, all top authorities in their fields, have contributed their latest research papers to this volume. The topics include extension and applications of the regularity lemma, the existence of k-term arithmetic progressions in various subsets of the integers, extremal problems in hypergraphs theory, and random graphs, all of them beautiful, Szemerédi type mathematics. It also contains published accounts of the first two, very original and highly successful Polymath projects, one led by Tim Gowers and the other by Terry Tao.
Download or read book Algorithms and Data Structures written by Frank Dehne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium, WADS 2013, held in London, ON, Canada, August 2013. The Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium - WADS (formerly "Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures") is intended as a forum for researchers in the area of design and analysis of algorithms and data structures. The 44 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 139 submissions. The papers present original research on algorithms and data structures in all areas, including bioinformatics, combinatorics, computational geometry, databases, graphics, and parallel and distributed computing.
Download or read book European Congress of Mathematics Amsterdam 14 18 July 2008 written by André C. M. Ran and published by European Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2010 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Congress of Mathematics, held every four years, has established itself as a major international mathematical event. Following those in Paris (1992), Budapest (1996), Barcelona (2000), and Stockholm (2004), the Fifth European Congress of Mathematics (5ECM) took place in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, July 14-18, 2008, with about 1000 participants from 68 different countries. Ten plenary and thirty-three invited lectures were delivered. Three science lectures outlined applications of mathematics in other sciences: climate change, quantum information theory, and population dynamics. As in the four preceding EMS congresses, ten EMS prizes were granted to very promising young mathematicians. In addition, the Felix Klein Prize was awarded, for the second time, for an application of mathematics to a concrete and difficult industrial problem. There were twenty-two minisymposia, spread over the whole mathematical area. Two round table meetings were organized: one on industrial mathematics and one on mathematics and developing countries. As part of the 44th Nederlands Mathematisch Congres, which was embedded in 5ECM, the so-called Brouwer lecture was presented. It is the Netherlands' most prestigious award in mathematics, organized every three years by the Royal Dutch Mathematical Society. Information about Brouwer was given in an invited historical lecture during the congress. These proceedings contain a selection of the contributions to the congress, providing a permanent record of the best of what mathematics offers today.
Download or read book Graph Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science written by Christophe Paul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 35th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (WG 2009) took place at Montpellier (France), June 24–26 2009. About 80 computer scientists from all over the world (Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Japan, Korea, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, UK, USA) attended the conference. Since1975,ithastakenplace20timesinGermany,fourtimesinTheNeth- lands, twice in Austria, as well as once in Italy, Slovakia, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, France, Norway, and the UK. The conference aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can be applied to various areas in computer science, or by extracting new problems from appli- tions. The goal is to present recent research results and to identify and explore directions of future research. The conference is well-balanced with respect to established researchers and young scientists. There were 69 submissions. Each submission was reviewed by at least three, and on average four, Program Committee members. The Committee decided to accept 28 papers. Due to the competition and the limited schedule, some good papers could not be accepted. Theprogramalsoincludedexcellentinvitedtalks:onegivenbyDanielKràlon “AlgorithmsforClassesofGraphswithBoundedExpansion,” the otherbyDavid Eppsteinon“Graph-TheoreticSolutionstoComputationalGeometryProblems.” The proceedings contains two survey papers on these topics.
Download or read book On Nowhere Dense Graphs written by Jaroslav Nešetřil and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Algorithms ESA 2012 written by Leah Epstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2012, held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, in September 2012 in the context of the combined conference ALGO 2012. The 69 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 285 initial submissions: 56 out of 231 in track design and analysis and 13 out of 54 in track engineering and applications. The papers are organized in topical sections such as algorithm engineering; algorithmic aspects of networks; algorithmic game theory; approximation algorithms; computational biology; computational finance; computational geometry; combinatorial optimization; data compression; data structures; databases and information retrieval; distributed and parallel computing; graph algorithms; hierarchical memories; heuristics and meta-heuristics; mathematical programming; mobile computing; on-line algorithms; parameterized complexity; pattern matching, quantum computing; randomized algorithms; scheduling and resource allocation problems; streaming algorithms.
