Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Annual Subcontract Report 25 March 1992 28 February 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Phase 1 Annual Technical Progress Report of a subcontract titled {open_quotes}Novel Two-Stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin-Film CIS Cells and Submodules.{close_quotes} The objectives of the program are the development of a cost effective process for CIS film deposition, optimization of various layers forming the CIS solar cell and fabrication of submodules using these processes and devices. During this first phase of the program the authors have completed their 1 ft2 size processing capabilities and added to their facilities an in-line sputtering system that can handle up to 1 ft2 size substrates. They have optimized the sputtering conditions for the Mo contact as well as the Cu and In films. Thickness uniformity of the Cu and In layers have also been optimized by masking the magnetron cathodes to obtain a variation of 3% throughout a ft2 substrate. Using the resulting films, they have demonstrated their first large area CIS submodules with outputs of about 3W/ft2. Addition of a computer controlled mechanical scriber to the fabrication facilities, and optimization of the large-area ZnO layers are expected to improve the power output of these submodules to over 5W/ft2 shortly. In addition to the large-area submodule work, the authors have also carried out research aimed at the development of a non-vacuum processing approach for the growth of CIS layers. They have deposited films using this technique, and small-area cells with over 10% conversion efficiency have been demonstrated on such CIS layers.
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Fial Subcontract Report March 1 1993 March 31 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules written by B. Basol and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Two stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin film CIS Cells and Submodules Final Subcontract Report March 1 1993 March 31 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Phase 11 Final Technical Report of the subcontract titled[open-quotes]Novel Two-Stage Selenization Methods for Fabrication of Thin Film CIS Cells and Submodules.[close-quotes] The general objectives of the program are the development of a cost-effective, large-area process for CIS film deposition, optimization of the various layers forming the CIS device structure, and fabrication of high efficiency submodules using these optimized device components. During this research period, growth parameters of ZnO window layers were varied to optimize their electrical and optical properties. Investigation of the chemical interactions between the glass substrates, Mo layers and the selenization atmosphere revealed that the nature of the glass/Mo substrate greatly influenced the quality of the solar cells fabricated on them. Moderate amounts of sodium diffusing from the soda-lime glass substrate into the CIS film improved the efficiencies of the solar cells fabricated on such films. Mo layers allowing excessive Na diffusion through them, on the other hand, reacted excessively with the H[sup 2]Se environment and deteriorated the solar cell performance. Addition of Ga into the CIS layers by the two-stage selenization technique yielded graded absorber structures with higher Ga content near the Mo/absorber interface. Cu-rich CIS layers were grown with grain sizes of larger than 5[mu]m. In the Phase I Annual Report large area CIS submodules with efficiencies of about 3% were reported. During the present Phase II program 1 ft[sup 2] size CIS submodule efficiency was improved to 7%. Smaller area submodules with efficiencies as high as 9.79% were also fabricated using CIS layers obtained by the H[sub 2]Se selenization method. The processing yield of the devices based on a non-vacuum CIS deposition approach was improved and solar cells with efficiencies greater than 10% were fabricated.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Download or read book Synerjy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Novel 2SSS CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells for Large Scale Manufacturing written by Keshavanand Jayadevan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel 2SSS (2 Step Solid Selenization) CIGS (Cu, In, Ga, Se) thin film solar cell recipe was developed which can be a replacement to the conventional co-deposition process usually employed for large-scale manufacturing. The co-deposition procedure is faced with multiple problems such as selenium incorporation, effective gallium incorporation in the absorber. It is a 2-step proprietary procedure with better control over growth mechanisms and material utilization for the absorber layer for the CIGS thin film solar cells. It makes use of solid selenium source as preferred by manufacturers. Each step of the 2-step procedure was dealt with separately for stoichiometric analysis and interesting trade-offs between materials such as gallium, indium and selenium was found. Solar cells with this proprietary absorber were fabricated on soda lime glass substrates. Results of the solar cells made with the 2SSS process matched with that of the co-deposition process with the quantum efficiencies near 80% of the co-deposition cells. These experiments are going to serve as the test bed for the pilot line that is intended to be installed at USF's research campus soon. The finished solar cells were characterized. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were some of the important tools during the analysis of stoichiometry and structural properties. The device performances were measured with the help of current-voltage (I-V) testing and quantum efficiency (QE) measurements.
Download or read book Novel Thin film CuInSe Sub 2 Fabrication written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work to form thin films of CuInSe2 (CIS) by annealing precursor films containing Cu, In, and Se in a rapid thermal processor. This involves two steps: (1) a precursor containing Cu, In, and Se is deposited on unheated substrates such that CIS does not form during this deposition step, and (2) the precursor is annealed in a rapid thermal processor to crystallize the CIS. Advantages of this process are that (1) no H2Se is used; (2) concentration gradients can potentially be built into the film due to the rapid anneal; and (3) the precursor can potentially be deposited using scalable methods such as sputtering, solution growth, and electrodeposition. The deposition method used was three-source, elemental physical vapor deposition. At room temperature, such a method was considered to be a flexible way to deposit a precursor that would be fairly typical of precursors deposited by more scalable techniques. Precursors were made both by the stacked elemental layer approach, where one element at a time wsas evaporated, as well as by a co-evaporation method. Adhesion problems limited device performance, and the co-evaporated precursors displayed unintended segregation of Cu and I in a direction normal to the film plane. The best cell efficiency was 3.5%.
Download or read book Fabrication Of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Thin Film Solar Cells By A Two Stage Process written by Yejiao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of CZTSe thin-films and the performance of CZTSe thin-film solar cells have been characterized using techniques, including J-V, Raman spectroscopy, spectral response, and SEM/EDS. The best performance CZTSe thin-film solar cell that have been accomplished, has an open circuit voltage of 0.42 volt, shirt circuit current densities of 14.5 mA/cm2, fill factor of 47%, and efficiency of 2.86%.
Download or read book Electrical Electronics Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Energy written by Christoph Richter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gathering some 30 entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, this book presents fundamental principles and technologies for sustainably harnessing solar energy. Covers photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar radiation and more.
Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.
Download or read book Photovoltaic Materials written by Bube Richard H and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-05-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and development of photovoltaic solar cells is playing an ever larger practical role in energy supply and ecological conservation all over the world. Many materials science problems are encountered in understanding existing solar cells and the development of more efficient, less costly, and more stable cells. This important and timely book provides a historical overview, but concentrates primarily on exciting developments in the last decade. It describes the properties of the materials that play an important role in photovoltaic applications, the solar cell structures in which they are used, and the experimental and theoretical developments that have led to the most promising contenders./a
Download or read book Reliability and Ecological Aspects of Photovoltaic Modules written by Abdulkerim Gok and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-01-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is expected to be the world's largest source of electricity in the future. To enhance the long-term reliability of PV modules, a thorough understanding of failure mechanisms is of vital importance. In addition, it is important to address the potential downsides to this technology. These include the hazardous chemicals needed for manufacturing solar cells, especially for thin-film technologies, and the large number of PV modules disposed of at the end of their lifecycles. This book discusses the reliability and environmental aspects of PV modules.
